diff --git a/skyrl/backends/skyrl_train/workers/megatron/megatron_worker.py b/skyrl/backends/skyrl_train/workers/megatron/megatron_worker.py
index 9ee7a44477..e531df74b9 100644
--- a/skyrl/backends/skyrl_train/workers/megatron/megatron_worker.py
+++ b/skyrl/backends/skyrl_train/workers/megatron/megatron_worker.py
@@ -235,9 +235,18 @@ def init_configs(
         provider.attention_backend = "flash" if flash_attn else "fused"
         provider.variable_seq_lengths = True
         provider.masked_softmax_fusion = True
-        provider.moe_token_dispatcher_type = "alltoall"
-        provider.moe_router_load_balancing_type = "none"
-
+        # Apply explicit MoE config fields to the provider.
+        # These replace the previously hardcoded values and can be further
+        # overridden by transformer_config_kwargs if needed.
+        provider.moe_token_dispatcher_type = megatron_config.moe_token_dispatcher_type
+        provider.moe_router_load_balancing_type = megatron_config.moe_router_load_balancing_type
+        provider.moe_grouped_gemm = megatron_config.moe_grouped_gemm
+        if megatron_config.moe_router_score_function is not None:
+            provider.moe_router_score_function = megatron_config.moe_router_score_function
+        if megatron_config.moe_router_enable_expert_bias is not None:
+            provider.moe_router_enable_expert_bias = megatron_config.moe_router_enable_expert_bias
+
+        # Apply any additional transformer config kwargs (can override the above).
         for k, v in transformer_config_kwargs.items():
             setattr(provider, k, v)
         provider.finalize()
diff --git a/skyrl/train/config/config.py b/skyrl/train/config/config.py
index 5e15cc2af6..bf6e1e49fb 100644
--- a/skyrl/train/config/config.py
+++ b/skyrl/train/config/config.py
@@ -145,6 +145,12 @@ class MegatronConfig(BaseConfig):
     context_parallel_size: int = 1
     expert_model_parallel_size: int = 1
     expert_tensor_parallel_size: Optional[int] = None
+    # MoE runtime configuration flags
+    moe_token_dispatcher_type: str = "alltoall"
+    moe_router_load_balancing_type: str = "none"
+    moe_grouped_gemm: bool = False
+    moe_router_score_function: Optional[str] = None
+    moe_router_enable_expert_bias: Optional[bool] = None
     ddp_config: MegatronDDPConfig = field(default_factory=MegatronDDPConfig)
     torch_profiler_config: MegatronTorchProfilerConfig = field(default_factory=MegatronTorchProfilerConfig)
     lora_config: MegatronLoraConfig = field(default_factory=MegatronLoraConfig)
diff --git a/skyrl/train/config/megatron_config/policy.yaml b/skyrl/train/config/megatron_config/policy.yaml
index 3ba0dc8f95..2ce2bb010c 100644
--- a/skyrl/train/config/megatron_config/policy.yaml
+++ b/skyrl/train/config/megatron_config/policy.yaml
@@ -5,6 +5,15 @@ context_parallel_size: 1
 expert_model_parallel_size: 1
 expert_tensor_parallel_size: null
 
+# MoE runtime configuration flags.
+# These are set on the Megatron provider before finalization.
+# For additional MoE flags not listed here, use transformer_config_kwargs.
+moe_token_dispatcher_type: "alltoall"
+moe_router_load_balancing_type: "none"
+moe_grouped_gemm: false
+moe_router_score_function: null
+moe_router_enable_expert_bias: null
+
 # pass-through config to Megatron's `DistributedDataParallelConfig` object
 # https://github.com/NVIDIA/Megatron-LM/blob/core_r0.13.0/megatron/core/distributed/distributed_data_parallel_config.py#L8
 ddp_config:
diff --git a/skyrl/train/config/megatron_config/ref.yaml b/skyrl/train/config/megatron_config/ref.yaml
index dd5447a6bb..493986776e 100644
--- a/skyrl/train/config/megatron_config/ref.yaml
+++ b/skyrl/train/config/megatron_config/ref.yaml
@@ -5,6 +5,12 @@ context_parallel_size: 1
 expert_model_parallel_size: 1
 expert_tensor_parallel_size: 1
 
+# MoE runtime configuration flags (should match policy for model consistency)
+moe_token_dispatcher_type: "alltoall"
+moe_router_load_balancing_type: "none"
+moe_grouped_gemm: false
+moe_router_score_function: null
+moe_router_enable_expert_bias: null
 
 model_config_kwargs: {}
 
diff --git a/tests/backends/skyrl_train/distributed/test_moe_config.py b/tests/backends/skyrl_train/distributed/test_moe_config.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3f3c8d6c57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/backends/skyrl_train/distributed/test_moe_config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+"""Tests for MoE config fields on MegatronConfig dataclass."""
+
+from skyrl.train.config.config import MegatronConfig, build_nested_dataclass
+
+
+class TestMegatronConfigMoEFields:
+    """Verify the 5 new MoE config fields exist with correct types and defaults."""
+
+    def test_moe_fields_exist(self):
+        cfg = MegatronConfig()
+        assert hasattr(cfg, "moe_token_dispatcher_type")
+        assert hasattr(cfg, "moe_router_load_balancing_type")
+        assert hasattr(cfg, "moe_grouped_gemm")
+        assert hasattr(cfg, "moe_router_score_function")
+        assert hasattr(cfg, "moe_router_enable_expert_bias")
+
+    def test_moe_field_defaults(self):
+        cfg = MegatronConfig()
+        assert cfg.moe_token_dispatcher_type == "alltoall"
+        assert cfg.moe_router_load_balancing_type == "none"
+        assert cfg.moe_grouped_gemm is False
+        assert cfg.moe_router_score_function is None
+        assert cfg.moe_router_enable_expert_bias is None
+
+    def test_moe_fields_override(self):
+        cfg = MegatronConfig(
+            moe_token_dispatcher_type="allgather",
+            moe_router_load_balancing_type="aux_loss",
+            moe_grouped_gemm=True,
+            moe_router_score_function="sigmoid",
+            moe_router_enable_expert_bias=True,
+        )
+        assert cfg.moe_token_dispatcher_type == "allgather"
+        assert cfg.moe_router_load_balancing_type == "aux_loss"
+        assert cfg.moe_grouped_gemm is True
+        assert cfg.moe_router_score_function == "sigmoid"
+        assert cfg.moe_router_enable_expert_bias is True
+
+    def test_moe_config_from_dict(self):
+        """MoE fields should survive dict -> dataclass round-trip."""
+        d = {
+            "moe_token_dispatcher_type": "alltoall",
+            "moe_router_load_balancing_type": "none",
+            "moe_grouped_gemm": True,
+            "moe_router_score_function": "sigmoid",
+            "moe_router_enable_expert_bias": True,
+        }
+        cfg = build_nested_dataclass(MegatronConfig, d)
+        assert cfg.moe_token_dispatcher_type == "alltoall"
+        assert cfg.moe_router_load_balancing_type == "none"
+        assert cfg.moe_grouped_gemm is True
+        assert cfg.moe_router_score_function == "sigmoid"
+        assert cfg.moe_router_enable_expert_bias is True
+
+    def test_backward_compatible_defaults(self):
+        """Default values must match the old hardcoded values for backward compat."""
+        cfg = MegatronConfig()
+        assert cfg.moe_token_dispatcher_type == "alltoall"
+        assert cfg.moe_router_load_balancing_type == "none"
+
+    def test_parallelism_fields_unchanged(self):
+        """Existing parallelism fields should still work."""
+        cfg = MegatronConfig(
+            tensor_model_parallel_size=4,
+            pipeline_model_parallel_size=2,
+            expert_model_parallel_size=8,
+        )
+        assert cfg.tensor_model_parallel_size == 4
+        assert cfg.pipeline_model_parallel_size == 2
+        assert cfg.expert_model_parallel_size == 8