diff --git a/e2e/landing.spec.js b/e2e/landing.spec.js
index b2be7233..8c51dbab 100644
--- a/e2e/landing.spec.js
+++ b/e2e/landing.spec.js
@@ -33,11 +33,5 @@ test("landing has dashboard link", async ({ page }) => {
 test("landing shows footer", async ({ page }) => {
   await page.goto("/");
 
-  await expect(page.getByRole("contentinfo")).toBeVisible();
-});
-
-test("landing has dashboard link", async ({ page }) => {
-  await page.goto("/");
-
-  await expect(page.getByRole("link", { name: "Dashboard" })).toBeVisible();
+  await expect(page.getByRole("contentinfo").first()).toBeVisible();
 });
diff --git a/src/components/CIAnalytics.tsx b/src/components/CIAnalytics.tsx
index 8f787ad5..6b908401 100644
--- a/src/components/CIAnalytics.tsx
+++ b/src/components/CIAnalytics.tsx
@@ -119,9 +119,12 @@ export default function CIAnalytics() {
           onClick={fetchCIAnalytics}
           disabled={isRateLimited || loading}
           title={isRateLimited ? "GitHub API rate limit reached" : "Refresh CI data"}
-          className="rounded-md border border-[var(--border)] px-3 py-1.5 text-xs font-medium text-[var(--muted-foreground)] transition-colors hover:bg-[var(--control)] disabled:cursor-not-allowed disabled:opacity-50"
+          className="inline-flex items-center gap-1.5 rounded-md border border-[var(--border)] px-3 py-1.5 text-xs font-medium text-[var(--muted-foreground)] transition-colors hover:bg-[var(--control)] disabled:cursor-not-allowed disabled:opacity-50"
         >
-          {refreshLabel}
+          {loading ? (
+            <svg className="animate-spin h-3 w-3 text-[var(--muted-foreground)]" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><circle className="opacity-25" cx="12" cy="12" r="10" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="4"></circle><path className="opacity-75" fill="currentColor" d="M4 12a8 8 0 018-8V0C5.373 0 0 5.373 0 12h4zm2 5.291A7.962 7.962 0 014 12H0c0 3.042 1.135 5.824 3 7.938l3-2.647z"></path></svg>
+          ) : null}
+          <span>{refreshLabel}</span>
         </button>
       </div>
 
diff --git a/src/components/CodingActivityInsightsCard.tsx b/src/components/CodingActivityInsightsCard.tsx
index e1d7e2dd..6fc4c35a 100644
--- a/src/components/CodingActivityInsightsCard.tsx
+++ b/src/components/CodingActivityInsightsCard.tsx
@@ -248,9 +248,13 @@ export default function CodingActivityInsightsCard() {
         <button
           type="button"
           onClick={fetchInsights}
-          className="rounded-md border border-[var(--border)] px-3 py-1.5 text-xs font-medium text-[var(--muted-foreground)] transition-colors hover:bg-[var(--control)]"
+          disabled={loading}
+          className="inline-flex items-center gap-1.5 rounded-md border border-[var(--border)] px-3 py-1.5 text-xs font-medium text-[var(--muted-foreground)] transition-colors hover:bg-[var(--control)] disabled:cursor-not-allowed disabled:opacity-60"
         >
-          Refresh
+          {loading ? (
+            <svg className="animate-spin h-3 w-3 text-[var(--muted-foreground)]" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><circle className="opacity-25" cx="12" cy="12" r="10" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="4"></circle><path className="opacity-75" fill="currentColor" d="M4 12a8 8 0 018-8V0C5.373 0 0 5.373 0 12h4zm2 5.291A7.962 7.962 0 014 12H0c0 3.042 1.135 5.824 3 7.938l3-2.647z"></path></svg>
+          ) : null}
+          <span>Refresh</span>
         </button>
       </div>
 
diff --git a/src/components/CommunityMetrics.tsx b/src/components/CommunityMetrics.tsx
index 3dae488c..0f65400e 100644
--- a/src/components/CommunityMetrics.tsx
+++ b/src/components/CommunityMetrics.tsx
@@ -72,9 +72,13 @@ export default function CommunityMetrics() {
         <button
           type="button"
           onClick={fetchMetrics}
-          className="w-full rounded-md border border-[var(--border)] px-3 py-1.5 text-xs font-medium text-[var(--muted-foreground)] transition-colors hover:bg-[var(--control)] sm:w-auto"
+          disabled={loading}
+          className="inline-flex w-full items-center justify-center gap-1.5 rounded-md border border-[var(--border)] px-3 py-1.5 text-xs font-medium text-[var(--muted-foreground)] transition-colors hover:bg-[var(--control)] sm:w-auto disabled:cursor-not-allowed disabled:opacity-60"
         >
-          Refresh
+          {loading ? (
+            <svg className="animate-spin h-3 w-3 text-[var(--muted-foreground)]" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><circle className="opacity-25" cx="12" cy="12" r="10" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="4"></circle><path className="opacity-75" fill="currentColor" d="M4 12a8 8 0 018-8V0C5.373 0 0 5.373 0 12h4zm2 5.291A7.962 7.962 0 014 12H0c0 3.042 1.135 5.824 3 7.938l3-2.647z"></path></svg>
+          ) : null}
+          <span>Refresh</span>
         </button>
       </div>
 
diff --git a/src/components/InactiveRepositoriesCard.tsx b/src/components/InactiveRepositoriesCard.tsx
index 2b9c9aaf..5f97b0c7 100644
--- a/src/components/InactiveRepositoriesCard.tsx
+++ b/src/components/InactiveRepositoriesCard.tsx
@@ -97,9 +97,13 @@ export default function InactiveRepositoriesCard() {
           <button
             type="button"
             onClick={fetchInactiveRepos}
-            className="rounded-md border border-[var(--border)] px-3 py-1.5 text-xs font-medium text-[var(--muted-foreground)] transition-colors hover:bg-[var(--control)]"
+            disabled={loading}
+            className="inline-flex items-center gap-1.5 rounded-md border border-[var(--border)] px-3 py-1.5 text-xs font-medium text-[var(--muted-foreground)] transition-colors hover:bg-[var(--control)] disabled:cursor-not-allowed disabled:opacity-60"
           >
-            Refresh
+            {loading ? (
+              <svg className="animate-spin h-3 w-3 text-[var(--muted-foreground)]" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><circle className="opacity-25" cx="12" cy="12" r="10" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="4"></circle><path className="opacity-75" fill="currentColor" d="M4 12a8 8 0 018-8V0C5.373 0 0 5.373 0 12h4zm2 5.291A7.962 7.962 0 014 12H0c0 3.042 1.135 5.824 3 7.938l3-2.647z"></path></svg>
+            ) : null}
+            <span>Refresh</span>
           </button>
         </div>
       </div>
diff --git a/src/components/RecentActivity.tsx b/src/components/RecentActivity.tsx
index 140ea205..145d1c8b 100644
--- a/src/components/RecentActivity.tsx
+++ b/src/components/RecentActivity.tsx
@@ -167,9 +167,13 @@ export default function RecentActivity() {
         <button
           type="button"
           onClick={fetchActivity}
-          className="rounded-md border border-[var(--border)] px-3 py-1.5 text-xs font-medium text-[var(--muted-foreground)] transition-colors hover:bg-[var(--control)]"
+          disabled={loading}
+          className="inline-flex items-center gap-1.5 rounded-md border border-[var(--border)] px-3 py-1.5 text-xs font-medium text-[var(--muted-foreground)] transition-colors hover:bg-[var(--control)] disabled:cursor-not-allowed disabled:opacity-60"
         >
-          Refresh
+          {loading ? (
+            <svg className="animate-spin h-3 w-3 text-[var(--muted-foreground)]" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><circle className="opacity-25" cx="12" cy="12" r="10" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="4"></circle><path className="opacity-75" fill="currentColor" d="M4 12a8 8 0 018-8V0C5.373 0 0 5.373 0 12h4zm2 5.291A7.962 7.962 0 014 12H0c0 3.042 1.135 5.824 3 7.938l3-2.647z"></path></svg>
+          ) : null}
+          <span>Refresh</span>
         </button>
       </div>