diff --git a/rbo-base.json b/rbo-base.json
index e4d8bed..d65d48c 100644
--- a/rbo-base.json
+++ b/rbo-base.json
@@ -16,11 +16,14 @@
"val" : "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"
}, {
"pred" : "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo",
- "val" : "2025-12-11"
+ "val" : "2026-01-15"
} ],
- "version" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/rbo/releases/2025-12-11/rbo-base.json"
+ "version" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/rbo/releases/2026-01-15/rbo-base.json"
},
"nodes" : [ {
+ "id" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000006",
+ "type" : "CLASS"
+ }, {
"id" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000015",
"type" : "CLASS"
}, {
@@ -101,6 +104,9 @@
}, {
"id" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000030",
"type" : "CLASS"
+ }, {
+ "id" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000032",
+ "type" : "CLASS"
}, {
"id" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000104",
"type" : "CLASS"
@@ -829,6 +835,9 @@
"val" : "Radiation response modifiers that are peptides."
},
"basicPropertyValues" : [ {
+ "pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000119",
+ "val" : "Shaghaghi, Zahra et al. “Potential utility of peptides against damage induced by ionizing radiation.†Future oncology (2021): doi/10.2217/fon-2020-0577"
+ }, {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000119",
"val" : "Shaghaghi, Zahra et al. “Potential utility of peptides against damage induced by ionizing radiation.” Future oncology (2021): doi/10.2217/fon-2020-0577"
} ]
@@ -851,6 +860,9 @@
"val" : "A person employed or otherwise working in commercial activities where nuclear materials are created, handled or disposed and at risk of occupational radiation exposure. Excludes health workers."
},
"basicPropertyValues" : [ {
+ "pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000119",
+ "val" : "Nezahat Hunter, Richard G.E. Haylock, Michael Gillies, Wei Zhang; Extended analysis of solid cancer incidence among the Nuclear Industry Workers in the UK: 1955–2011. Radiat Res 2022; doi: https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-20-00269.1"
+ }, {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000119",
"val" : "Nezahat Hunter, Richard G.E. Haylock, Michael Gillies, Wei Zhang; Extended analysis of solid cancer incidence among the Nuclear Industry Workers in the UK: 1955–2011. Radiat Res 2022; doi: https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-20-00269.1"
} ]
@@ -3155,6 +3167,9 @@
"basicPropertyValues" : [ {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000116",
"val" : "Heavy ion radiation has several notable characteristics and contexts:\n\nHigh Linear Energy Transfer (LET): Heavy ion radiation has a high linear energy transfer, which means it deposits a significant amount of energy per unit path length as it travels through tissue. This characteristic can lead to more localized and potentially more damaging effects on cells and tissues.\n\nEnhanced Biological Effectiveness: Due to its high LET, heavy ion radiation in many cases has enhanced biological effectiveness, meaning it can cause more severe biological damage per unit of absorbed dose compared to other types of radiation.\n\nSpace Radiation: Heavy ions are a component of the galactic cosmic radiation present in space.\n\nIn common use, the distinction between heavy ions and light ions is somewhat flexible and context dependent. For example, \"heavy\" is sometimes used to refer to any ion heavier than a helium nucleus or even a proton; in practice the dividing line between light and heavy lies around atomic numbers 6-10."
+ }, {
+ "pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000116",
+ "val" : "Heavy ion radiation has several notable characteristics and contexts: High Linear Energy Transfer (LET): Heavy ion radiation has a high linear energy transfer, which means it deposits a significant amount of energy per unit path length as it travels through tissue. This characteristic can lead to more localized and potentially more damaging effects on cells and tissues. Enhanced Biological Effectiveness: Due to its high LET, heavy ion radiation in many cases has enhanced biological effectiveness, meaning it can cause more severe biological damage per unit of absorbed dose compared to other types of radiation.Space Radiation: Heavy ions are a component of the galactic cosmic radiation present in space. In common use, the distinction between heavy ions and light ions is somewhat flexible and context dependent. For example, \"heavy\" is sometimes used to refer to any ion heavier than a helium nucleus or even a proton; in practice the dividing line between light and heavy lies around atomic numbers 6-10."
} ]
}
}, {
@@ -3995,6 +4010,9 @@
"basicPropertyValues" : [ {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000112",
"val" : "The most obvious example is the bystander effect ( Carmel Mothersill, Andrej Rusin, Cristian Fernandez-Palomo & Colin Seymour (2018) History of bystander effects research 1905-present; what is in a name?, International Journal of Radiation Biology, 94:8, 696-707, DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1398436) where a naive cell behaves as if it has been irradiated because of its communication with an irradiated cell. It may also be used to describe the abscopal effect. Note that abscopal effects have been noted for ionising and non-ionising ( RF) radiation, eg. L?ffler MW. et al. . A Non-interventional Clinical Trial Assessing Immune Responses After Radiofrequency Ablation of Liver Metastases From Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol. 2019 Nov 19;10:2526. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02526. PMID: 31803175; PMCID: PMC6877671"
+ }, {
+ "pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000112",
+ "val" : "The most obvious example is the bystander effect ( Carmel Mothersill, Andrej Rusin, Cristian Fernandez-Palomo & Colin Seymour (2018) History of bystander effects research 1905-present; what is in a name?, International Journal of Radiation Biology, 94:8, 696-707, DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1398436) where a naive cell behaves as if it has been irradiated because of its communication with an irradiated cell. It may also be used to describe the abscopal effect. Note that abscopal effects have been noted for ionising and non-ionising ( RF) radiation, eg. Löffler MW. et al. . A Non-interventional Clinical Trial Assessing Immune Responses After Radiofrequency Ablation of Liver Metastases From Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol. 2019 Nov 19;10:2526. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02526. PMID: 31803175; PMCID: PMC6877671"
}, {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000119",
"val" : "Paul Schofield"
@@ -4524,7 +4542,7 @@
"type" : "CLASS",
"meta" : {
"definition" : {
- "val" : "A passive radon dosimeter in which a container filled with activated charcoal absorbs radon from the air. After exposure (typically 2�7 days), the canister is sealed and sent to a lab for gamma spectroscopy, which measures radon decay products."
+ "val" : "A passive radon dosimeter in which a container filled with activated charcoal absorbs radon from the air. After exposure (typically 2–7 days), the canister is sealed and sent to a lab for gamma spectroscopy, which measures radon decay products."
}
}
}, {
@@ -4549,7 +4567,7 @@
"type" : "CLASS",
"meta" : {
"definition" : {
- "val" : "Nuclear reactors primarily used to produce neutrons for the study of materials at the atomic level, the biological effects of radiation, the production of radioisotopes for medicine, industry and research, and the imaging of objects� internal structure."
+ "val" : "Nuclear reactors primarily used to produce neutrons for the study of materials at the atomic level, the biological effects of radiation, the production of radioisotopes for medicine, industry and research, and the imaging of objects’ internal structure."
},
"basicPropertyValues" : [ {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000118",
@@ -4728,7 +4746,7 @@
"type" : "CLASS",
"meta" : {
"definition" : {
- "val" : "A serious human disease that occurs when the entire body (or a large portion of it) is exposed to a high dose of penetrating radiation�typically more than 1 Gray (Gy)�over a short period (minutes to hours).\nKey features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fatigue. Latent Phase (hours to weeks): Apparent improvement or absence of symptoms. Manifest Illness Phase: Depending on dose, damage to rapidly dividing cells leads to one or more syndromes: Hematopoietic syndrome (1�10 Gy): Bone marrow failure, infection, bleeding. Gastrointestinal syndrome (5�20 Gy): Severe GI tract damage, fluid loss, sepsis. Neurovascular syndrome (?20 Gy): Neurological impairment, confusion, convulsions; usually fatal within days. Recovery or Death: If dose is survivable and supportive care is provided, recovery can occur over weeks to months; higher doses carry a poor prognosis."
+ "val" : "A serious human disease that occurs when the entire body (or a large portion of it) is exposed to a high dose of penetrating radiation—typically more than 1 Gray (Gy)—over a short period (minutes to hours).Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fatigue. Latent Phase (hours to weeks): Apparent improvement or absence of symptoms. Manifest Illness Phase: Depending on dose, damage to rapidly dividing cells leads to one or more syndromes: Hematopoietic syndrome (1–10 Gy): Bone marrow failure, infection, bleeding. Gastrointestinal syndrome (5–20 Gy): Severe GI tract damage, fluid loss, sepsis. Neurovascular syndrome (≥20 Gy): Neurological impairment, confusion, convulsions; usually fatal within days. Recovery or Death: If dose is survivable and supportive care is provided, recovery can occur over weeks to months; higher doses carry a poor prognosis."
},
"basicPropertyValues" : [ {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000118",
@@ -4841,7 +4859,7 @@
"type" : "CLASS",
"meta" : {
"definition" : {
- "val" : "The radiation environment consisting of the water at the surface of the Earth, including all of Earth�s water: oceans and seas, lakes and rivers (freshwater), groundwater, and atmospheric water. Some frameworks treat the cryosphere (ice, snow, glaciers) as a sub-part of the hydrosphere. Radiation in water consists of particles originating in space which are sufficiently energetic and/or weakly interacting with the Earth's magnetic field and atmosphere to reach the surface; particles produced by interactions of space radiation with the Earth's atmosphere; decays of naturally occurring radioactive elements dissolved or suspended in water, those on the substrate where there is body of water and from the subsurface. This includes anthropogenic radiation carried in water by means of direct discharges, precipitation and other transfer routes. The composition and strength of the radiation in water at a given point on the Earth's surface depends on factors including underlying geology, water chemistry and elemental composition, and the temporal variation in incident space radiation, e.g. with solar cycle."
+ "val" : "The radiation environment consisting of the water at the surface of the Earth, including all of Earth’s water: oceans and seas, lakes and rivers (freshwater), groundwater, and atmospheric water. Some frameworks treat the cryosphere (ice, snow, glaciers) as a sub-part of the hydrosphere. Radiation in water consists of particles originating in space which are sufficiently energetic and/or weakly interacting with the Earth's magnetic field and atmosphere to reach the surface; particles produced by interactions of space radiation with the Earth's atmosphere; decays of naturally occurring radioactive elements dissolved or suspended in water, those on the substrate where there is body of water and from the subsurface. This includes anthropogenic radiation carried in water by means of direct discharges, precipitation and other transfer routes. The composition and strength of the radiation in water at a given point on the Earth's surface depends on factors including underlying geology, water chemistry and elemental composition, and the temporal variation in incident space radiation, e.g. with solar cycle."
}
}
}, {
@@ -4853,6 +4871,60 @@
"val" : "A measurement of the amount of energy deposited by ionizing radiation per unit length of a medium. . It represents the average energy transferred to the material per unit length along the path of the particle in a specified micrometric ( or smaller) site divided by the mean chord length of the site volume. Lineal energy is typically expressed in units of keV/?m (kilo-electron volts per micrometer) or MeV/cm (mega-electron volts per centimeter)"
}
}
+ }, {
+ "id" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RBO_00010059",
+ "lbl" : "ionization cluster size",
+ "type" : "CLASS",
+ "meta" : {
+ "definition" : {
+ "val" : "The ionization cluster size is a measure of the spatial extent or size of the ionized region created by the passage of radiation through a medium. It measures the number of ion pairs that are produced within a localized volume or track of the radiation particle."
+ },
+ "basicPropertyValues" : [ {
+ "pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000116",
+ "val" : "In the case of ionization cluster size per unit length, the common unit is \"ion pairs per micrometer\" (ion pairs/µm) or \"ion pairs per millimeter\" (ion pairs/mm). This unit represents the average number of ion pairs produced within a length of one micrometer or one millimeter along the path of the ionizing particle. For ionization cluster size per unit volume, the unit may be \"ion pairs per cubic micrometer\" (ion pairs/µm³) or \"ion pairs per cubic millimeter\" (ion pairs/mm³). This unit represents the average number of ion pairs produced within a volume of one cubic micrometer or one cubic millimeter.\""
+ }, {
+ "pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000118",
+ "val" : "ionisation cluster size"
+ } ]
+ }
+ }, {
+ "id" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RBO_00010060",
+ "lbl" : "ionization cluster size measurement datum",
+ "type" : "CLASS",
+ "meta" : {
+ "definition" : {
+ "val" : "A measure of the spatial extent or size of the ionized region created by the passage of radiation through a medium. It measures the number of ion pairs that are produced within a localized volume or track of the radiation particle."
+ },
+ "basicPropertyValues" : [ {
+ "pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000116",
+ "val" : "In the case of ionization cluster size per unit length, the common unit is \"ion pairs per micrometer\" (ion pairs/µm) or \"ion pairs per millimeter\" (ion pairs/mm). This unit represents the average number of ion pairs produced within a length of one micrometer or one millimeter along the path of the ionizing particle. For ionization cluster size per unit volume, the unit may be \"ion pairs per cubic micrometer\" (ion pairs/µm³) or \"ion pairs per cubic millimeter\" (ion pairs/mm³). This unit represents the average number of ion pairs produced within a volume of one cubic micrometer or one cubic millimeter.\""
+ }, {
+ "pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000118",
+ "val" : "ionisation cluster size measurement datum"
+ } ]
+ }
+ }, {
+ "id" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RBO_00010061",
+ "lbl" : "particle track penumbra",
+ "type" : "CLASS",
+ "meta" : {
+ "definition" : {
+ "val" : "The particle track penumbra is the region where secondary electrons released by the primary particle, transitioning a medium, are the exclusive agents of energy deposition due to multiple scattering and energy loss of the charged particles as they interact with the atoms and molecules of the medium.\" Makes sense to define this a s a spatial region ( BFO:000006) as it has extent that can be measured but is a concept rather than a material entity."
+ },
+ "basicPropertyValues" : [ {
+ "pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000116",
+ "val" : "Heavy nuclei of the primary galactic radiation in space can have the same linear energy transfer yet greatly different lateral distribution patterns of the energy in the microstructure of tissue. Track structure thus presents itself as a new dosimetric parameter for HZE particles which is at present incompletely understood in its radiobiological significance. The theory of track structure distinguishes two regions: core and penumbra. The core is a narrow region with a radius far below 1 micron in tissue where energy deposition occurs mainly through excitations and collective oscillations of electrons. Energy density in the core accounts for slightly more than half the total LET. The penumbra surrounding the core extends laterally several to many microns depending on the energy of the primary. Energy density in the penumbra decreases steeply with the square of increasing radius. The relationships are illustrated with nuclear emulsion micrographs and plots of energy density profiles. The implications of the findings for a dosimetric system for HZE particles are discussed. See Chatterjee, A., Schaefer, H.J. ( 1976) Rad Env Biophys 13, 215-227 https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19750020623/downloads/19750020623.pdf"
+ } ]
+ }
+ }, {
+ "id" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RBO_00010062",
+ "lbl" : "particle track core",
+ "type" : "CLASS",
+ "meta" : {
+ "definition" : {
+ "val" : "In the theory of particle track structure, the narrow central zone with a radius in matter far below 1 micron where energy deposition occurs mainly in processes of ionisation, excitation and collective oscillation of the atoms of the medium related to the passage of the primary particle."
+ }
+ }
}, {
"id" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RBO_00015000",
"lbl" : "radiation",
@@ -4881,6 +4953,9 @@
},
"comments" : [ "Usually a track structure assay at nm scale" ],
"basicPropertyValues" : [ {
+ "pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000119",
+ "val" : "See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006."
+ }, {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000119",
"val" : "See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006."
} ]
@@ -4895,6 +4970,9 @@
},
"comments" : [ "Usually a track structure assay at micrometre scale" ],
"basicPropertyValues" : [ {
+ "pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000119",
+ "val" : "See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006."
+ }, {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000119",
"val" : "See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006."
} ]
@@ -5500,7 +5578,7 @@
"type" : "CLASS",
"meta" : {
"definition" : {
- "val" : "The geomagnetosphere is the region of space surrounding Earth where the dominant magnetic field is the magnetic field of Earth, rather than the magnetic field of interplanetary space. The geomagnetosphere is formed by the interaction of the solar wind with Earth�s magnetic field."
+ "val" : "The geomagnetosphere is the region of space surrounding Earth where the dominant magnetic field is the magnetic field of Earth, rather than the magnetic field of interplanetary space. The geomagnetosphere is formed by the interaction of the solar wind with Earth’s magnetic field."
},
"basicPropertyValues" : [ {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000117",
@@ -5599,7 +5677,7 @@
"type" : "CLASS",
"meta" : {
"definition" : {
- "val" : "A senolytic is a type of drug or compound that selectively induces the death, removal or both of senescent cells�cells that have stopped dividing but often remain metabolically active, often secreting inflammatory and harmful molecules. These cells accumulate with age and contribute to aging-related diseases, chronic inflammation, and tissue dysfunction. "
+ "val" : "A senolytic is a type of drug or compound that selectively induces the death, removal or both of senescent cells—cells that have stopped dividing but often remain metabolically active, often secreting inflammatory and harmful molecules. These cells accumulate with age and contribute to aging-related diseases, chronic inflammation, and tissue dysfunction. "
},
"basicPropertyValues" : [ {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000116",
@@ -5609,7 +5687,7 @@
"val" : "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263,https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670"
}, {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000119",
- "val" : "See: Lelarge, V., Capelle, R., Oger, F. et al. Senolytics: from pharmacological inhibitors to immunotherapies, a promising future for patients� treatment. npj Aging 10, 12 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-024-00138-4"
+ "val" : "See: Lelarge, V., Capelle, R., Oger, F. et al. Senolytics: from pharmacological inhibitors to immunotherapies, a promising future for patients’ treatment. npj Aging 10, 12 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-024-00138-4"
} ]
}
}, {
@@ -8082,6 +8160,22 @@
"sub" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RBO_00010058",
"pred" : "is_a",
"obj" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000109"
+ }, {
+ "sub" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RBO_00010059",
+ "pred" : "is_a",
+ "obj" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001241"
+ }, {
+ "sub" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RBO_00010060",
+ "pred" : "is_a",
+ "obj" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000032"
+ }, {
+ "sub" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RBO_00010061",
+ "pred" : "is_a",
+ "obj" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000006"
+ }, {
+ "sub" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RBO_00010062",
+ "pred" : "is_a",
+ "obj" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000006"
}, {
"sub" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RBO_00015000",
"pred" : "is_a",
diff --git a/rbo-base.owl b/rbo-base.owl
index cb52576..eccc3f7 100644
--- a/rbo-base.owl
+++ b/rbo-base.owl
@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@
xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"
xmlns:oboInOwl="http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#">
-
+
RBO is an ontology for the effects of radiation on biota in terrestrial and space environments.
Radiation Biology Ontology
- 2025-12-11
+ 2026-01-15
@@ -184,6 +184,12 @@
+
+
+
+
+
+
@@ -346,6 +352,12 @@
+
+
+
+
+
+
@@ -1023,6 +1035,7 @@
Radiation response modifiers that are peptides.
+ Shaghaghi, Zahra et al. “Potential utility of peptides against damage induced by ionizing radiation.†Future oncology (2021): doi/10.2217/fon-2020-0577
Shaghaghi, Zahra et al. “Potential utility of peptides against damage induced by ionizing radiation.” Future oncology (2021): doi/10.2217/fon-2020-0577
peptide radiation response modifier
@@ -1044,6 +1057,7 @@
A person employed or otherwise working in commercial activities where nuclear materials are created, handled or disposed and at risk of occupational radiation exposure. Excludes health workers.
+ Nezahat Hunter, Richard G.E. Haylock, Michael Gillies, Wei Zhang; Extended analysis of solid cancer incidence among the Nuclear Industry Workers in the UK: 1955–2011. Radiat Res 2022; doi: https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-20-00269.1
Nezahat Hunter, Richard G.E. Haylock, Michael Gillies, Wei Zhang; Extended analysis of solid cancer incidence among the Nuclear Industry Workers in the UK: 1955–2011. Radiat Res 2022; doi: https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-20-00269.1
nuclear industry worker
@@ -1400,6 +1414,7 @@
+ A set of behaviours that have some socially agreed upon function and for which there is an accepted code of norms. This may refer to a role within an organisation or within society as a whole. For example a Profession†can be defined as a cluster of occupational roles, or roles in which the incumbents perform certain functions valued in the organisation or society.
A set of behaviours that have some socially agreed upon function and for which there is an accepted code of norms. This may refer to a role within an organisation or within society as a whole. For example a Profession” can be defined as a cluster of occupational roles, or roles in which the incumbents perform certain functions valued in the organisation or society.
occupational role
@@ -3097,6 +3112,7 @@ Enhanced Biological Effectiveness: Due to its high LET, heavy ion radiation in m
Space Radiation: Heavy ions are a component of the galactic cosmic radiation present in space.
In common use, the distinction between heavy ions and light ions is somewhat flexible and context dependent. For example, "heavy" is sometimes used to refer to any ion heavier than a helium nucleus or even a proton; in practice the dividing line between light and heavy lies around atomic numbers 6-10.
+ Heavy ion radiation has several notable characteristics and contexts: High Linear Energy Transfer (LET): Heavy ion radiation has a high linear energy transfer, which means it deposits a significant amount of energy per unit path length as it travels through tissue. This characteristic can lead to more localized and potentially more damaging effects on cells and tissues. Enhanced Biological Effectiveness: Due to its high LET, heavy ion radiation in many cases has enhanced biological effectiveness, meaning it can cause more severe biological damage per unit of absorbed dose compared to other types of radiation.Space Radiation: Heavy ions are a component of the galactic cosmic radiation present in space. In common use, the distinction between heavy ions and light ions is somewhat flexible and context dependent. For example, "heavy" is sometimes used to refer to any ion heavier than a helium nucleus or even a proton; in practice the dividing line between light and heavy lies around atomic numbers 6-10.
heavy ion radiation
@@ -3749,6 +3765,7 @@ In common use, the distinction between heavy ions and light ions is somewhat fle
The most obvious example is the bystander effect ( Carmel Mothersill, Andrej Rusin, Cristian Fernandez-Palomo & Colin Seymour (2018) History of bystander effects research 1905-present; what is in a name?, International Journal of Radiation Biology, 94:8, 696-707, DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1398436) where a naive cell behaves as if it has been irradiated because of its communication with an irradiated cell. It may also be used to describe the abscopal effect. Note that abscopal effects have been noted for ionising and non-ionising ( RF) radiation, eg. L?ffler MW. et al. . A Non-interventional Clinical Trial Assessing Immune Responses After Radiofrequency Ablation of Liver Metastases From Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol. 2019 Nov 19;10:2526. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02526. PMID: 31803175; PMCID: PMC6877671
+ The most obvious example is the bystander effect ( Carmel Mothersill, Andrej Rusin, Cristian Fernandez-Palomo & Colin Seymour (2018) History of bystander effects research 1905-present; what is in a name?, International Journal of Radiation Biology, 94:8, 696-707, DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1398436) where a naive cell behaves as if it has been irradiated because of its communication with an irradiated cell. It may also be used to describe the abscopal effect. Note that abscopal effects have been noted for ionising and non-ionising ( RF) radiation, eg. Löffler MW. et al. . A Non-interventional Clinical Trial Assessing Immune Responses After Radiofrequency Ablation of Liver Metastases From Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol. 2019 Nov 19;10:2526. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02526. PMID: 31803175; PMCID: PMC6877671
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of radiation acting on another cell and not on the responding cell. The process begins with detection of radiation by a cell or cells and ends with a change in state or activity of a different cell or cells.
Paul Schofield
indirect cellular response to radiation
@@ -4127,7 +4144,7 @@ In common use, the distinction between heavy ions and light ions is somewhat fle
- A passive radon dosimeter in which a container filled with activated charcoal absorbs radon from the air. After exposure (typically 2�7 days), the canister is sealed and sent to a lab for gamma spectroscopy, which measures radon decay products.
+ A passive radon dosimeter in which a container filled with activated charcoal absorbs radon from the air. After exposure (typically 2–7 days), the canister is sealed and sent to a lab for gamma spectroscopy, which measures radon decay products.
charcoal cannister radon dosimeter
@@ -4149,7 +4166,7 @@ In common use, the distinction between heavy ions and light ions is somewhat fle
- Nuclear reactors primarily used to produce neutrons for the study of materials at the atomic level, the biological effects of radiation, the production of radioisotopes for medicine, industry and research, and the imaging of objects� internal structure.
+ Nuclear reactors primarily used to produce neutrons for the study of materials at the atomic level, the biological effects of radiation, the production of radioisotopes for medicine, industry and research, and the imaging of objects’ internal structure.
research reactor
Definition adapted from: https://www.iaea.org/bulletin/what-are-research-reactors-how-do-they-contribute-to-sustainable-development
research nuclear reactor
@@ -4327,8 +4344,7 @@ In common use, the distinction between heavy ions and light ions is somewhat fle
- A serious human disease that occurs when the entire body (or a large portion of it) is exposed to a high dose of penetrating radiation�typically more than 1 Gray (Gy)�over a short period (minutes to hours).
-Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fatigue. Latent Phase (hours to weeks): Apparent improvement or absence of symptoms. Manifest Illness Phase: Depending on dose, damage to rapidly dividing cells leads to one or more syndromes: Hematopoietic syndrome (1�10 Gy): Bone marrow failure, infection, bleeding. Gastrointestinal syndrome (5�20 Gy): Severe GI tract damage, fluid loss, sepsis. Neurovascular syndrome (?20 Gy): Neurological impairment, confusion, convulsions; usually fatal within days. Recovery or Death: If dose is survivable and supportive care is provided, recovery can occur over weeks to months; higher doses carry a poor prognosis.
+ A serious human disease that occurs when the entire body (or a large portion of it) is exposed to a high dose of penetrating radiation—typically more than 1 Gray (Gy)—over a short period (minutes to hours).Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fatigue. Latent Phase (hours to weeks): Apparent improvement or absence of symptoms. Manifest Illness Phase: Depending on dose, damage to rapidly dividing cells leads to one or more syndromes: Hematopoietic syndrome (1–10 Gy): Bone marrow failure, infection, bleeding. Gastrointestinal syndrome (5–20 Gy): Severe GI tract damage, fluid loss, sepsis. Neurovascular syndrome (≥20 Gy): Neurological impairment, confusion, convulsions; usually fatal within days. Recovery or Death: If dose is survivable and supportive care is provided, recovery can occur over weeks to months; higher doses carry a poor prognosis.
acute radiation sickness, ARS
Dainiak, N., & Albanese, J. (2022). Medical management of acute radiation syndrome. Journal of radiological protection : official journal of the Society for Radiological Protection, 42(3), 10.1088/1361-6498/ac7d18. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/ac7d18. https://www.icrpaedia.org/Acute_radiation_syndrome
acute radiation syndrome
@@ -4434,7 +4450,7 @@ Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fati
- The radiation environment consisting of the water at the surface of the Earth, including all of Earth�s water: oceans and seas, lakes and rivers (freshwater), groundwater, and atmospheric water. Some frameworks treat the cryosphere (ice, snow, glaciers) as a sub-part of the hydrosphere. Radiation in water consists of particles originating in space which are sufficiently energetic and/or weakly interacting with the Earth's magnetic field and atmosphere to reach the surface; particles produced by interactions of space radiation with the Earth's atmosphere; decays of naturally occurring radioactive elements dissolved or suspended in water, those on the substrate where there is body of water and from the subsurface. This includes anthropogenic radiation carried in water by means of direct discharges, precipitation and other transfer routes. The composition and strength of the radiation in water at a given point on the Earth's surface depends on factors including underlying geology, water chemistry and elemental composition, and the temporal variation in incident space radiation, e.g. with solar cycle.
+ The radiation environment consisting of the water at the surface of the Earth, including all of Earth’s water: oceans and seas, lakes and rivers (freshwater), groundwater, and atmospheric water. Some frameworks treat the cryosphere (ice, snow, glaciers) as a sub-part of the hydrosphere. Radiation in water consists of particles originating in space which are sufficiently energetic and/or weakly interacting with the Earth's magnetic field and atmosphere to reach the surface; particles produced by interactions of space radiation with the Earth's atmosphere; decays of naturally occurring radioactive elements dissolved or suspended in water, those on the substrate where there is body of water and from the subsurface. This includes anthropogenic radiation carried in water by means of direct discharges, precipitation and other transfer routes. The composition and strength of the radiation in water at a given point on the Earth's surface depends on factors including underlying geology, water chemistry and elemental composition, and the temporal variation in incident space radiation, e.g. with solar cycle.
earth hydrosphere radiation environment
@@ -4450,6 +4466,51 @@ Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fati
+
+
+
+
+ The ionization cluster size is a measure of the spatial extent or size of the ionized region created by the passage of radiation through a medium. It measures the number of ion pairs that are produced within a localized volume or track of the radiation particle.
+ In the case of ionization cluster size per unit length, the common unit is "ion pairs per micrometer" (ion pairs/µm) or "ion pairs per millimeter" (ion pairs/mm). This unit represents the average number of ion pairs produced within a length of one micrometer or one millimeter along the path of the ionizing particle. For ionization cluster size per unit volume, the unit may be "ion pairs per cubic micrometer" (ion pairs/µm³) or "ion pairs per cubic millimeter" (ion pairs/mm³). This unit represents the average number of ion pairs produced within a volume of one cubic micrometer or one cubic millimeter."
+ ionisation cluster size
+ ionization cluster size
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A measure of the spatial extent or size of the ionized region created by the passage of radiation through a medium. It measures the number of ion pairs that are produced within a localized volume or track of the radiation particle.
+ In the case of ionization cluster size per unit length, the common unit is "ion pairs per micrometer" (ion pairs/µm) or "ion pairs per millimeter" (ion pairs/mm). This unit represents the average number of ion pairs produced within a length of one micrometer or one millimeter along the path of the ionizing particle. For ionization cluster size per unit volume, the unit may be "ion pairs per cubic micrometer" (ion pairs/µm³) or "ion pairs per cubic millimeter" (ion pairs/mm³). This unit represents the average number of ion pairs produced within a volume of one cubic micrometer or one cubic millimeter."
+ ionisation cluster size measurement datum
+ ionization cluster size measurement datum
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The particle track penumbra is the region where secondary electrons released by the primary particle, transitioning a medium, are the exclusive agents of energy deposition due to multiple scattering and energy loss of the charged particles as they interact with the atoms and molecules of the medium." Makes sense to define this a s a spatial region ( BFO:000006) as it has extent that can be measured but is a concept rather than a material entity.
+ Heavy nuclei of the primary galactic radiation in space can have the same linear energy transfer yet greatly different lateral distribution patterns of the energy in the microstructure of tissue. Track structure thus presents itself as a new dosimetric parameter for HZE particles which is at present incompletely understood in its radiobiological significance. The theory of track structure distinguishes two regions: core and penumbra. The core is a narrow region with a radius far below 1 micron in tissue where energy deposition occurs mainly through excitations and collective oscillations of electrons. Energy density in the core accounts for slightly more than half the total LET. The penumbra surrounding the core extends laterally several to many microns depending on the energy of the primary. Energy density in the penumbra decreases steeply with the square of increasing radius. The relationships are illustrated with nuclear emulsion micrographs and plots of energy density profiles. The implications of the findings for a dosimetric system for HZE particles are discussed. See Chatterjee, A., Schaefer, H.J. ( 1976) Rad Env Biophys 13, 215-227 https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19750020623/downloads/19750020623.pdf
+ particle track penumbra
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ In the theory of particle track structure, the narrow central zone with a radius in matter far below 1 micron where energy deposition occurs mainly in processes of ionisation, excitation and collective oscillation of the atoms of the medium related to the passage of the primary particle.
+ particle track core
+
+
+
+
@@ -4475,6 +4536,7 @@ Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fati
An assay of the pattern (frequency and spatial distribution) of ionization events produced by energy deposition in time and space in a substance characterized by linear dimensions of the order of 1-100 nanometers
+ See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006.
See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006.
Usually a track structure assay at nm scale
nanodosimetry assay
@@ -4487,6 +4549,7 @@ Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fati
An assay of the pattern (frequency and spatial distribution) of ionization events produced by energy deposition in time and space in a substance characterized by linear dimensions of the order of 1-100 micrometers
+ See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006.
See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006.
Usually a track structure assay at micrometre scale
microdosimetry assay
@@ -4996,7 +5059,7 @@ Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fati
- The geomagnetosphere is the region of space surrounding Earth where the dominant magnetic field is the magnetic field of Earth, rather than the magnetic field of interplanetary space. The geomagnetosphere is formed by the interaction of the solar wind with Earth�s magnetic field.
+ The geomagnetosphere is the region of space surrounding Earth where the dominant magnetic field is the magnetic field of Earth, rather than the magnetic field of interplanetary space. The geomagnetosphere is formed by the interaction of the solar wind with Earth’s magnetic field.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670
https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/earths-magnetosphere
geomagnetosphere
@@ -5084,10 +5147,10 @@ Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fati
- A senolytic is a type of drug or compound that selectively induces the death, removal or both of senescent cells�cells that have stopped dividing but often remain metabolically active, often secreting inflammatory and harmful molecules. These cells accumulate with age and contribute to aging-related diseases, chronic inflammation, and tissue dysfunction.
+ A senolytic is a type of drug or compound that selectively induces the death, removal or both of senescent cells—cells that have stopped dividing but often remain metabolically active, often secreting inflammatory and harmful molecules. These cells accumulate with age and contribute to aging-related diseases, chronic inflammation, and tissue dysfunction.
Senolytics work by targeting specific survival pathways that senescent cells rely on, such as the BCL-2 family proteins, PI3K/AKT pathway, or p53-related mechanisms. By eliminating these cells, senolytics have shown potential in improving tissue function, delaying age-related diseases, and enhancing healthspan in preclinical studies.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263,https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670
- See: Lelarge, V., Capelle, R., Oger, F. et al. Senolytics: from pharmacological inhibitors to immunotherapies, a promising future for patients� treatment. npj Aging 10, 12 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-024-00138-4
+ See: Lelarge, V., Capelle, R., Oger, F. et al. Senolytics: from pharmacological inhibitors to immunotherapies, a promising future for patients’ treatment. npj Aging 10, 12 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-024-00138-4
senolytic
diff --git a/rbo-full.json b/rbo-full.json
index c472858..7ca35ab 100644
--- a/rbo-full.json
+++ b/rbo-full.json
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@
"val" : "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"
}, {
"pred" : "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo",
- "val" : "2025-12-11"
+ "val" : "2026-01-15"
} ],
- "version" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/rbo/releases/2025-12-11/rbo-full.json"
+ "version" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/rbo/releases/2026-01-15/rbo-full.json"
},
"nodes" : [ {
"id" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/APOLLO_SV_00000008",
@@ -167549,6 +167549,9 @@
"val" : "Radiation response modifiers that are peptides."
},
"basicPropertyValues" : [ {
+ "pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000119",
+ "val" : "Shaghaghi, Zahra et al. “Potential utility of peptides against damage induced by ionizing radiation.†Future oncology (2021): doi/10.2217/fon-2020-0577"
+ }, {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000119",
"val" : "Shaghaghi, Zahra et al. “Potential utility of peptides against damage induced by ionizing radiation.” Future oncology (2021): doi/10.2217/fon-2020-0577"
} ]
@@ -167571,6 +167574,9 @@
"val" : "A person employed or otherwise working in commercial activities where nuclear materials are created, handled or disposed and at risk of occupational radiation exposure. Excludes health workers."
},
"basicPropertyValues" : [ {
+ "pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000119",
+ "val" : "Nezahat Hunter, Richard G.E. Haylock, Michael Gillies, Wei Zhang; Extended analysis of solid cancer incidence among the Nuclear Industry Workers in the UK: 1955–2011. Radiat Res 2022; doi: https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-20-00269.1"
+ }, {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000119",
"val" : "Nezahat Hunter, Richard G.E. Haylock, Michael Gillies, Wei Zhang; Extended analysis of solid cancer incidence among the Nuclear Industry Workers in the UK: 1955–2011. Radiat Res 2022; doi: https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-20-00269.1"
} ]
@@ -169875,6 +169881,9 @@
"basicPropertyValues" : [ {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000116",
"val" : "Heavy ion radiation has several notable characteristics and contexts:\n\nHigh Linear Energy Transfer (LET): Heavy ion radiation has a high linear energy transfer, which means it deposits a significant amount of energy per unit path length as it travels through tissue. This characteristic can lead to more localized and potentially more damaging effects on cells and tissues.\n\nEnhanced Biological Effectiveness: Due to its high LET, heavy ion radiation in many cases has enhanced biological effectiveness, meaning it can cause more severe biological damage per unit of absorbed dose compared to other types of radiation.\n\nSpace Radiation: Heavy ions are a component of the galactic cosmic radiation present in space.\n\nIn common use, the distinction between heavy ions and light ions is somewhat flexible and context dependent. For example, \"heavy\" is sometimes used to refer to any ion heavier than a helium nucleus or even a proton; in practice the dividing line between light and heavy lies around atomic numbers 6-10."
+ }, {
+ "pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000116",
+ "val" : "Heavy ion radiation has several notable characteristics and contexts: High Linear Energy Transfer (LET): Heavy ion radiation has a high linear energy transfer, which means it deposits a significant amount of energy per unit path length as it travels through tissue. This characteristic can lead to more localized and potentially more damaging effects on cells and tissues. Enhanced Biological Effectiveness: Due to its high LET, heavy ion radiation in many cases has enhanced biological effectiveness, meaning it can cause more severe biological damage per unit of absorbed dose compared to other types of radiation.Space Radiation: Heavy ions are a component of the galactic cosmic radiation present in space. In common use, the distinction between heavy ions and light ions is somewhat flexible and context dependent. For example, \"heavy\" is sometimes used to refer to any ion heavier than a helium nucleus or even a proton; in practice the dividing line between light and heavy lies around atomic numbers 6-10."
} ]
}
}, {
@@ -170715,6 +170724,9 @@
"basicPropertyValues" : [ {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000112",
"val" : "The most obvious example is the bystander effect ( Carmel Mothersill, Andrej Rusin, Cristian Fernandez-Palomo & Colin Seymour (2018) History of bystander effects research 1905-present; what is in a name?, International Journal of Radiation Biology, 94:8, 696-707, DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1398436) where a naive cell behaves as if it has been irradiated because of its communication with an irradiated cell. It may also be used to describe the abscopal effect. Note that abscopal effects have been noted for ionising and non-ionising ( RF) radiation, eg. L?ffler MW. et al. . A Non-interventional Clinical Trial Assessing Immune Responses After Radiofrequency Ablation of Liver Metastases From Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol. 2019 Nov 19;10:2526. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02526. PMID: 31803175; PMCID: PMC6877671"
+ }, {
+ "pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000112",
+ "val" : "The most obvious example is the bystander effect ( Carmel Mothersill, Andrej Rusin, Cristian Fernandez-Palomo & Colin Seymour (2018) History of bystander effects research 1905-present; what is in a name?, International Journal of Radiation Biology, 94:8, 696-707, DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1398436) where a naive cell behaves as if it has been irradiated because of its communication with an irradiated cell. It may also be used to describe the abscopal effect. Note that abscopal effects have been noted for ionising and non-ionising ( RF) radiation, eg. Löffler MW. et al. . A Non-interventional Clinical Trial Assessing Immune Responses After Radiofrequency Ablation of Liver Metastases From Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol. 2019 Nov 19;10:2526. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02526. PMID: 31803175; PMCID: PMC6877671"
}, {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000119",
"val" : "Paul Schofield"
@@ -171244,7 +171256,7 @@
"type" : "CLASS",
"meta" : {
"definition" : {
- "val" : "A passive radon dosimeter in which a container filled with activated charcoal absorbs radon from the air. After exposure (typically 2�7 days), the canister is sealed and sent to a lab for gamma spectroscopy, which measures radon decay products."
+ "val" : "A passive radon dosimeter in which a container filled with activated charcoal absorbs radon from the air. After exposure (typically 2–7 days), the canister is sealed and sent to a lab for gamma spectroscopy, which measures radon decay products."
}
}
}, {
@@ -171269,7 +171281,7 @@
"type" : "CLASS",
"meta" : {
"definition" : {
- "val" : "Nuclear reactors primarily used to produce neutrons for the study of materials at the atomic level, the biological effects of radiation, the production of radioisotopes for medicine, industry and research, and the imaging of objects� internal structure."
+ "val" : "Nuclear reactors primarily used to produce neutrons for the study of materials at the atomic level, the biological effects of radiation, the production of radioisotopes for medicine, industry and research, and the imaging of objects’ internal structure."
},
"basicPropertyValues" : [ {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000118",
@@ -171448,7 +171460,7 @@
"type" : "CLASS",
"meta" : {
"definition" : {
- "val" : "A serious human disease that occurs when the entire body (or a large portion of it) is exposed to a high dose of penetrating radiation�typically more than 1 Gray (Gy)�over a short period (minutes to hours).\nKey features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fatigue. Latent Phase (hours to weeks): Apparent improvement or absence of symptoms. Manifest Illness Phase: Depending on dose, damage to rapidly dividing cells leads to one or more syndromes: Hematopoietic syndrome (1�10 Gy): Bone marrow failure, infection, bleeding. Gastrointestinal syndrome (5�20 Gy): Severe GI tract damage, fluid loss, sepsis. Neurovascular syndrome (?20 Gy): Neurological impairment, confusion, convulsions; usually fatal within days. Recovery or Death: If dose is survivable and supportive care is provided, recovery can occur over weeks to months; higher doses carry a poor prognosis."
+ "val" : "A serious human disease that occurs when the entire body (or a large portion of it) is exposed to a high dose of penetrating radiation—typically more than 1 Gray (Gy)—over a short period (minutes to hours).Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fatigue. Latent Phase (hours to weeks): Apparent improvement or absence of symptoms. Manifest Illness Phase: Depending on dose, damage to rapidly dividing cells leads to one or more syndromes: Hematopoietic syndrome (1–10 Gy): Bone marrow failure, infection, bleeding. Gastrointestinal syndrome (5–20 Gy): Severe GI tract damage, fluid loss, sepsis. Neurovascular syndrome (≥20 Gy): Neurological impairment, confusion, convulsions; usually fatal within days. Recovery or Death: If dose is survivable and supportive care is provided, recovery can occur over weeks to months; higher doses carry a poor prognosis."
},
"basicPropertyValues" : [ {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000118",
@@ -171561,7 +171573,7 @@
"type" : "CLASS",
"meta" : {
"definition" : {
- "val" : "The radiation environment consisting of the water at the surface of the Earth, including all of Earth�s water: oceans and seas, lakes and rivers (freshwater), groundwater, and atmospheric water. Some frameworks treat the cryosphere (ice, snow, glaciers) as a sub-part of the hydrosphere. Radiation in water consists of particles originating in space which are sufficiently energetic and/or weakly interacting with the Earth's magnetic field and atmosphere to reach the surface; particles produced by interactions of space radiation with the Earth's atmosphere; decays of naturally occurring radioactive elements dissolved or suspended in water, those on the substrate where there is body of water and from the subsurface. This includes anthropogenic radiation carried in water by means of direct discharges, precipitation and other transfer routes. The composition and strength of the radiation in water at a given point on the Earth's surface depends on factors including underlying geology, water chemistry and elemental composition, and the temporal variation in incident space radiation, e.g. with solar cycle."
+ "val" : "The radiation environment consisting of the water at the surface of the Earth, including all of Earth’s water: oceans and seas, lakes and rivers (freshwater), groundwater, and atmospheric water. Some frameworks treat the cryosphere (ice, snow, glaciers) as a sub-part of the hydrosphere. Radiation in water consists of particles originating in space which are sufficiently energetic and/or weakly interacting with the Earth's magnetic field and atmosphere to reach the surface; particles produced by interactions of space radiation with the Earth's atmosphere; decays of naturally occurring radioactive elements dissolved or suspended in water, those on the substrate where there is body of water and from the subsurface. This includes anthropogenic radiation carried in water by means of direct discharges, precipitation and other transfer routes. The composition and strength of the radiation in water at a given point on the Earth's surface depends on factors including underlying geology, water chemistry and elemental composition, and the temporal variation in incident space radiation, e.g. with solar cycle."
}
}
}, {
@@ -171573,6 +171585,60 @@
"val" : "A measurement of the amount of energy deposited by ionizing radiation per unit length of a medium. . It represents the average energy transferred to the material per unit length along the path of the particle in a specified micrometric ( or smaller) site divided by the mean chord length of the site volume. Lineal energy is typically expressed in units of keV/?m (kilo-electron volts per micrometer) or MeV/cm (mega-electron volts per centimeter)"
}
}
+ }, {
+ "id" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RBO_00010059",
+ "lbl" : "ionization cluster size",
+ "type" : "CLASS",
+ "meta" : {
+ "definition" : {
+ "val" : "The ionization cluster size is a measure of the spatial extent or size of the ionized region created by the passage of radiation through a medium. It measures the number of ion pairs that are produced within a localized volume or track of the radiation particle."
+ },
+ "basicPropertyValues" : [ {
+ "pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000116",
+ "val" : "In the case of ionization cluster size per unit length, the common unit is \"ion pairs per micrometer\" (ion pairs/µm) or \"ion pairs per millimeter\" (ion pairs/mm). This unit represents the average number of ion pairs produced within a length of one micrometer or one millimeter along the path of the ionizing particle. For ionization cluster size per unit volume, the unit may be \"ion pairs per cubic micrometer\" (ion pairs/µm³) or \"ion pairs per cubic millimeter\" (ion pairs/mm³). This unit represents the average number of ion pairs produced within a volume of one cubic micrometer or one cubic millimeter.\""
+ }, {
+ "pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000118",
+ "val" : "ionisation cluster size"
+ } ]
+ }
+ }, {
+ "id" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RBO_00010060",
+ "lbl" : "ionization cluster size measurement datum",
+ "type" : "CLASS",
+ "meta" : {
+ "definition" : {
+ "val" : "A measure of the spatial extent or size of the ionized region created by the passage of radiation through a medium. It measures the number of ion pairs that are produced within a localized volume or track of the radiation particle."
+ },
+ "basicPropertyValues" : [ {
+ "pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000116",
+ "val" : "In the case of ionization cluster size per unit length, the common unit is \"ion pairs per micrometer\" (ion pairs/µm) or \"ion pairs per millimeter\" (ion pairs/mm). This unit represents the average number of ion pairs produced within a length of one micrometer or one millimeter along the path of the ionizing particle. For ionization cluster size per unit volume, the unit may be \"ion pairs per cubic micrometer\" (ion pairs/µm³) or \"ion pairs per cubic millimeter\" (ion pairs/mm³). This unit represents the average number of ion pairs produced within a volume of one cubic micrometer or one cubic millimeter.\""
+ }, {
+ "pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000118",
+ "val" : "ionisation cluster size measurement datum"
+ } ]
+ }
+ }, {
+ "id" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RBO_00010061",
+ "lbl" : "particle track penumbra",
+ "type" : "CLASS",
+ "meta" : {
+ "definition" : {
+ "val" : "The particle track penumbra is the region where secondary electrons released by the primary particle, transitioning a medium, are the exclusive agents of energy deposition due to multiple scattering and energy loss of the charged particles as they interact with the atoms and molecules of the medium.\" Makes sense to define this a s a spatial region ( BFO:000006) as it has extent that can be measured but is a concept rather than a material entity."
+ },
+ "basicPropertyValues" : [ {
+ "pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000116",
+ "val" : "Heavy nuclei of the primary galactic radiation in space can have the same linear energy transfer yet greatly different lateral distribution patterns of the energy in the microstructure of tissue. Track structure thus presents itself as a new dosimetric parameter for HZE particles which is at present incompletely understood in its radiobiological significance. The theory of track structure distinguishes two regions: core and penumbra. The core is a narrow region with a radius far below 1 micron in tissue where energy deposition occurs mainly through excitations and collective oscillations of electrons. Energy density in the core accounts for slightly more than half the total LET. The penumbra surrounding the core extends laterally several to many microns depending on the energy of the primary. Energy density in the penumbra decreases steeply with the square of increasing radius. The relationships are illustrated with nuclear emulsion micrographs and plots of energy density profiles. The implications of the findings for a dosimetric system for HZE particles are discussed. See Chatterjee, A., Schaefer, H.J. ( 1976) Rad Env Biophys 13, 215-227 https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19750020623/downloads/19750020623.pdf"
+ } ]
+ }
+ }, {
+ "id" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RBO_00010062",
+ "lbl" : "particle track core",
+ "type" : "CLASS",
+ "meta" : {
+ "definition" : {
+ "val" : "In the theory of particle track structure, the narrow central zone with a radius in matter far below 1 micron where energy deposition occurs mainly in processes of ionisation, excitation and collective oscillation of the atoms of the medium related to the passage of the primary particle."
+ }
+ }
}, {
"id" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RBO_00015000",
"lbl" : "radiation",
@@ -171601,6 +171667,9 @@
},
"comments" : [ "Usually a track structure assay at nm scale" ],
"basicPropertyValues" : [ {
+ "pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000119",
+ "val" : "See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006."
+ }, {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000119",
"val" : "See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006."
} ]
@@ -171615,6 +171684,9 @@
},
"comments" : [ "Usually a track structure assay at micrometre scale" ],
"basicPropertyValues" : [ {
+ "pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000119",
+ "val" : "See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006."
+ }, {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000119",
"val" : "See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006."
} ]
@@ -172220,7 +172292,7 @@
"type" : "CLASS",
"meta" : {
"definition" : {
- "val" : "The geomagnetosphere is the region of space surrounding Earth where the dominant magnetic field is the magnetic field of Earth, rather than the magnetic field of interplanetary space. The geomagnetosphere is formed by the interaction of the solar wind with Earth�s magnetic field."
+ "val" : "The geomagnetosphere is the region of space surrounding Earth where the dominant magnetic field is the magnetic field of Earth, rather than the magnetic field of interplanetary space. The geomagnetosphere is formed by the interaction of the solar wind with Earth’s magnetic field."
},
"basicPropertyValues" : [ {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000117",
@@ -172319,7 +172391,7 @@
"type" : "CLASS",
"meta" : {
"definition" : {
- "val" : "A senolytic is a type of drug or compound that selectively induces the death, removal or both of senescent cells�cells that have stopped dividing but often remain metabolically active, often secreting inflammatory and harmful molecules. These cells accumulate with age and contribute to aging-related diseases, chronic inflammation, and tissue dysfunction. "
+ "val" : "A senolytic is a type of drug or compound that selectively induces the death, removal or both of senescent cells—cells that have stopped dividing but often remain metabolically active, often secreting inflammatory and harmful molecules. These cells accumulate with age and contribute to aging-related diseases, chronic inflammation, and tissue dysfunction. "
},
"basicPropertyValues" : [ {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000116",
@@ -172329,7 +172401,7 @@
"val" : "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263,https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670"
}, {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000119",
- "val" : "See: Lelarge, V., Capelle, R., Oger, F. et al. Senolytics: from pharmacological inhibitors to immunotherapies, a promising future for patients� treatment. npj Aging 10, 12 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-024-00138-4"
+ "val" : "See: Lelarge, V., Capelle, R., Oger, F. et al. Senolytics: from pharmacological inhibitors to immunotherapies, a promising future for patients’ treatment. npj Aging 10, 12 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-024-00138-4"
} ]
}
}, {
@@ -354159,6 +354231,22 @@
"sub" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RBO_00010058",
"pred" : "is_a",
"obj" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000109"
+ }, {
+ "sub" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RBO_00010059",
+ "pred" : "is_a",
+ "obj" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001241"
+ }, {
+ "sub" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RBO_00010060",
+ "pred" : "is_a",
+ "obj" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000032"
+ }, {
+ "sub" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RBO_00010061",
+ "pred" : "is_a",
+ "obj" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000006"
+ }, {
+ "sub" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RBO_00010062",
+ "pred" : "is_a",
+ "obj" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000006"
}, {
"sub" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RBO_00015000",
"pred" : "is_a",
diff --git a/rbo-full.owl b/rbo-full.owl
index 8153e37..6841a64 100644
--- a/rbo-full.owl
+++ b/rbo-full.owl
@@ -39,11 +39,11 @@
xmlns:oboInOwl="http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#"
xmlns:ncbitaxon="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncbitaxon#">
-
+
RBO is an ontology for the effects of radiation on biota in terrestrial and space environments.
Radiation Biology Ontology
- 2025-12-11
+ 2026-01-15
@@ -278962,6 +278962,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I
Radiation response modifiers that are peptides.
+ Shaghaghi, Zahra et al. “Potential utility of peptides against damage induced by ionizing radiation.†Future oncology (2021): doi/10.2217/fon-2020-0577
Shaghaghi, Zahra et al. “Potential utility of peptides against damage induced by ionizing radiation.” Future oncology (2021): doi/10.2217/fon-2020-0577
peptide radiation response modifier
@@ -278983,6 +278984,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I
A person employed or otherwise working in commercial activities where nuclear materials are created, handled or disposed and at risk of occupational radiation exposure. Excludes health workers.
+ Nezahat Hunter, Richard G.E. Haylock, Michael Gillies, Wei Zhang; Extended analysis of solid cancer incidence among the Nuclear Industry Workers in the UK: 1955–2011. Radiat Res 2022; doi: https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-20-00269.1
Nezahat Hunter, Richard G.E. Haylock, Michael Gillies, Wei Zhang; Extended analysis of solid cancer incidence among the Nuclear Industry Workers in the UK: 1955–2011. Radiat Res 2022; doi: https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-20-00269.1
nuclear industry worker
@@ -279339,6 +279341,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I
+ A set of behaviours that have some socially agreed upon function and for which there is an accepted code of norms. This may refer to a role within an organisation or within society as a whole. For example a Profession†can be defined as a cluster of occupational roles, or roles in which the incumbents perform certain functions valued in the organisation or society.
A set of behaviours that have some socially agreed upon function and for which there is an accepted code of norms. This may refer to a role within an organisation or within society as a whole. For example a Profession” can be defined as a cluster of occupational roles, or roles in which the incumbents perform certain functions valued in the organisation or society.
occupational role
@@ -281036,6 +281039,7 @@ Enhanced Biological Effectiveness: Due to its high LET, heavy ion radiation in m
Space Radiation: Heavy ions are a component of the galactic cosmic radiation present in space.
In common use, the distinction between heavy ions and light ions is somewhat flexible and context dependent. For example, "heavy" is sometimes used to refer to any ion heavier than a helium nucleus or even a proton; in practice the dividing line between light and heavy lies around atomic numbers 6-10.
+ Heavy ion radiation has several notable characteristics and contexts: High Linear Energy Transfer (LET): Heavy ion radiation has a high linear energy transfer, which means it deposits a significant amount of energy per unit path length as it travels through tissue. This characteristic can lead to more localized and potentially more damaging effects on cells and tissues. Enhanced Biological Effectiveness: Due to its high LET, heavy ion radiation in many cases has enhanced biological effectiveness, meaning it can cause more severe biological damage per unit of absorbed dose compared to other types of radiation.Space Radiation: Heavy ions are a component of the galactic cosmic radiation present in space. In common use, the distinction between heavy ions and light ions is somewhat flexible and context dependent. For example, "heavy" is sometimes used to refer to any ion heavier than a helium nucleus or even a proton; in practice the dividing line between light and heavy lies around atomic numbers 6-10.
heavy ion radiation
@@ -281688,6 +281692,7 @@ In common use, the distinction between heavy ions and light ions is somewhat fle
The most obvious example is the bystander effect ( Carmel Mothersill, Andrej Rusin, Cristian Fernandez-Palomo & Colin Seymour (2018) History of bystander effects research 1905-present; what is in a name?, International Journal of Radiation Biology, 94:8, 696-707, DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1398436) where a naive cell behaves as if it has been irradiated because of its communication with an irradiated cell. It may also be used to describe the abscopal effect. Note that abscopal effects have been noted for ionising and non-ionising ( RF) radiation, eg. L?ffler MW. et al. . A Non-interventional Clinical Trial Assessing Immune Responses After Radiofrequency Ablation of Liver Metastases From Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol. 2019 Nov 19;10:2526. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02526. PMID: 31803175; PMCID: PMC6877671
+ The most obvious example is the bystander effect ( Carmel Mothersill, Andrej Rusin, Cristian Fernandez-Palomo & Colin Seymour (2018) History of bystander effects research 1905-present; what is in a name?, International Journal of Radiation Biology, 94:8, 696-707, DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1398436) where a naive cell behaves as if it has been irradiated because of its communication with an irradiated cell. It may also be used to describe the abscopal effect. Note that abscopal effects have been noted for ionising and non-ionising ( RF) radiation, eg. Löffler MW. et al. . A Non-interventional Clinical Trial Assessing Immune Responses After Radiofrequency Ablation of Liver Metastases From Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol. 2019 Nov 19;10:2526. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02526. PMID: 31803175; PMCID: PMC6877671
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of radiation acting on another cell and not on the responding cell. The process begins with detection of radiation by a cell or cells and ends with a change in state or activity of a different cell or cells.
Paul Schofield
indirect cellular response to radiation
@@ -282066,7 +282071,7 @@ In common use, the distinction between heavy ions and light ions is somewhat fle
- A passive radon dosimeter in which a container filled with activated charcoal absorbs radon from the air. After exposure (typically 2�7 days), the canister is sealed and sent to a lab for gamma spectroscopy, which measures radon decay products.
+ A passive radon dosimeter in which a container filled with activated charcoal absorbs radon from the air. After exposure (typically 2–7 days), the canister is sealed and sent to a lab for gamma spectroscopy, which measures radon decay products.
charcoal cannister radon dosimeter
@@ -282088,7 +282093,7 @@ In common use, the distinction between heavy ions and light ions is somewhat fle
- Nuclear reactors primarily used to produce neutrons for the study of materials at the atomic level, the biological effects of radiation, the production of radioisotopes for medicine, industry and research, and the imaging of objects� internal structure.
+ Nuclear reactors primarily used to produce neutrons for the study of materials at the atomic level, the biological effects of radiation, the production of radioisotopes for medicine, industry and research, and the imaging of objects’ internal structure.
research reactor
Definition adapted from: https://www.iaea.org/bulletin/what-are-research-reactors-how-do-they-contribute-to-sustainable-development
research nuclear reactor
@@ -282266,8 +282271,7 @@ In common use, the distinction between heavy ions and light ions is somewhat fle
- A serious human disease that occurs when the entire body (or a large portion of it) is exposed to a high dose of penetrating radiation�typically more than 1 Gray (Gy)�over a short period (minutes to hours).
-Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fatigue. Latent Phase (hours to weeks): Apparent improvement or absence of symptoms. Manifest Illness Phase: Depending on dose, damage to rapidly dividing cells leads to one or more syndromes: Hematopoietic syndrome (1�10 Gy): Bone marrow failure, infection, bleeding. Gastrointestinal syndrome (5�20 Gy): Severe GI tract damage, fluid loss, sepsis. Neurovascular syndrome (?20 Gy): Neurological impairment, confusion, convulsions; usually fatal within days. Recovery or Death: If dose is survivable and supportive care is provided, recovery can occur over weeks to months; higher doses carry a poor prognosis.
+ A serious human disease that occurs when the entire body (or a large portion of it) is exposed to a high dose of penetrating radiation—typically more than 1 Gray (Gy)—over a short period (minutes to hours).Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fatigue. Latent Phase (hours to weeks): Apparent improvement or absence of symptoms. Manifest Illness Phase: Depending on dose, damage to rapidly dividing cells leads to one or more syndromes: Hematopoietic syndrome (1–10 Gy): Bone marrow failure, infection, bleeding. Gastrointestinal syndrome (5–20 Gy): Severe GI tract damage, fluid loss, sepsis. Neurovascular syndrome (≥20 Gy): Neurological impairment, confusion, convulsions; usually fatal within days. Recovery or Death: If dose is survivable and supportive care is provided, recovery can occur over weeks to months; higher doses carry a poor prognosis.
acute radiation sickness, ARS
Dainiak, N., & Albanese, J. (2022). Medical management of acute radiation syndrome. Journal of radiological protection : official journal of the Society for Radiological Protection, 42(3), 10.1088/1361-6498/ac7d18. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/ac7d18. https://www.icrpaedia.org/Acute_radiation_syndrome
acute radiation syndrome
@@ -282373,7 +282377,7 @@ Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fati
- The radiation environment consisting of the water at the surface of the Earth, including all of Earth�s water: oceans and seas, lakes and rivers (freshwater), groundwater, and atmospheric water. Some frameworks treat the cryosphere (ice, snow, glaciers) as a sub-part of the hydrosphere. Radiation in water consists of particles originating in space which are sufficiently energetic and/or weakly interacting with the Earth's magnetic field and atmosphere to reach the surface; particles produced by interactions of space radiation with the Earth's atmosphere; decays of naturally occurring radioactive elements dissolved or suspended in water, those on the substrate where there is body of water and from the subsurface. This includes anthropogenic radiation carried in water by means of direct discharges, precipitation and other transfer routes. The composition and strength of the radiation in water at a given point on the Earth's surface depends on factors including underlying geology, water chemistry and elemental composition, and the temporal variation in incident space radiation, e.g. with solar cycle.
+ The radiation environment consisting of the water at the surface of the Earth, including all of Earth’s water: oceans and seas, lakes and rivers (freshwater), groundwater, and atmospheric water. Some frameworks treat the cryosphere (ice, snow, glaciers) as a sub-part of the hydrosphere. Radiation in water consists of particles originating in space which are sufficiently energetic and/or weakly interacting with the Earth's magnetic field and atmosphere to reach the surface; particles produced by interactions of space radiation with the Earth's atmosphere; decays of naturally occurring radioactive elements dissolved or suspended in water, those on the substrate where there is body of water and from the subsurface. This includes anthropogenic radiation carried in water by means of direct discharges, precipitation and other transfer routes. The composition and strength of the radiation in water at a given point on the Earth's surface depends on factors including underlying geology, water chemistry and elemental composition, and the temporal variation in incident space radiation, e.g. with solar cycle.
earth hydrosphere radiation environment
@@ -282389,6 +282393,51 @@ Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fati
+
+
+
+
+ The ionization cluster size is a measure of the spatial extent or size of the ionized region created by the passage of radiation through a medium. It measures the number of ion pairs that are produced within a localized volume or track of the radiation particle.
+ In the case of ionization cluster size per unit length, the common unit is "ion pairs per micrometer" (ion pairs/µm) or "ion pairs per millimeter" (ion pairs/mm). This unit represents the average number of ion pairs produced within a length of one micrometer or one millimeter along the path of the ionizing particle. For ionization cluster size per unit volume, the unit may be "ion pairs per cubic micrometer" (ion pairs/µm³) or "ion pairs per cubic millimeter" (ion pairs/mm³). This unit represents the average number of ion pairs produced within a volume of one cubic micrometer or one cubic millimeter."
+ ionisation cluster size
+ ionization cluster size
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A measure of the spatial extent or size of the ionized region created by the passage of radiation through a medium. It measures the number of ion pairs that are produced within a localized volume or track of the radiation particle.
+ In the case of ionization cluster size per unit length, the common unit is "ion pairs per micrometer" (ion pairs/µm) or "ion pairs per millimeter" (ion pairs/mm). This unit represents the average number of ion pairs produced within a length of one micrometer or one millimeter along the path of the ionizing particle. For ionization cluster size per unit volume, the unit may be "ion pairs per cubic micrometer" (ion pairs/µm³) or "ion pairs per cubic millimeter" (ion pairs/mm³). This unit represents the average number of ion pairs produced within a volume of one cubic micrometer or one cubic millimeter."
+ ionisation cluster size measurement datum
+ ionization cluster size measurement datum
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The particle track penumbra is the region where secondary electrons released by the primary particle, transitioning a medium, are the exclusive agents of energy deposition due to multiple scattering and energy loss of the charged particles as they interact with the atoms and molecules of the medium." Makes sense to define this a s a spatial region ( BFO:000006) as it has extent that can be measured but is a concept rather than a material entity.
+ Heavy nuclei of the primary galactic radiation in space can have the same linear energy transfer yet greatly different lateral distribution patterns of the energy in the microstructure of tissue. Track structure thus presents itself as a new dosimetric parameter for HZE particles which is at present incompletely understood in its radiobiological significance. The theory of track structure distinguishes two regions: core and penumbra. The core is a narrow region with a radius far below 1 micron in tissue where energy deposition occurs mainly through excitations and collective oscillations of electrons. Energy density in the core accounts for slightly more than half the total LET. The penumbra surrounding the core extends laterally several to many microns depending on the energy of the primary. Energy density in the penumbra decreases steeply with the square of increasing radius. The relationships are illustrated with nuclear emulsion micrographs and plots of energy density profiles. The implications of the findings for a dosimetric system for HZE particles are discussed. See Chatterjee, A., Schaefer, H.J. ( 1976) Rad Env Biophys 13, 215-227 https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19750020623/downloads/19750020623.pdf
+ particle track penumbra
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ In the theory of particle track structure, the narrow central zone with a radius in matter far below 1 micron where energy deposition occurs mainly in processes of ionisation, excitation and collective oscillation of the atoms of the medium related to the passage of the primary particle.
+ particle track core
+
+
+
+
@@ -282414,6 +282463,7 @@ Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fati
An assay of the pattern (frequency and spatial distribution) of ionization events produced by energy deposition in time and space in a substance characterized by linear dimensions of the order of 1-100 nanometers
+ See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006.
See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006.
Usually a track structure assay at nm scale
nanodosimetry assay
@@ -282426,6 +282476,7 @@ Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fati
An assay of the pattern (frequency and spatial distribution) of ionization events produced by energy deposition in time and space in a substance characterized by linear dimensions of the order of 1-100 micrometers
+ See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006.
See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006.
Usually a track structure assay at micrometre scale
microdosimetry assay
@@ -282935,7 +282986,7 @@ Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fati
- The geomagnetosphere is the region of space surrounding Earth where the dominant magnetic field is the magnetic field of Earth, rather than the magnetic field of interplanetary space. The geomagnetosphere is formed by the interaction of the solar wind with Earth�s magnetic field.
+ The geomagnetosphere is the region of space surrounding Earth where the dominant magnetic field is the magnetic field of Earth, rather than the magnetic field of interplanetary space. The geomagnetosphere is formed by the interaction of the solar wind with Earth’s magnetic field.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670
https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/earths-magnetosphere
geomagnetosphere
@@ -283023,10 +283074,10 @@ Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fati
- A senolytic is a type of drug or compound that selectively induces the death, removal or both of senescent cells�cells that have stopped dividing but often remain metabolically active, often secreting inflammatory and harmful molecules. These cells accumulate with age and contribute to aging-related diseases, chronic inflammation, and tissue dysfunction.
+ A senolytic is a type of drug or compound that selectively induces the death, removal or both of senescent cells—cells that have stopped dividing but often remain metabolically active, often secreting inflammatory and harmful molecules. These cells accumulate with age and contribute to aging-related diseases, chronic inflammation, and tissue dysfunction.
Senolytics work by targeting specific survival pathways that senescent cells rely on, such as the BCL-2 family proteins, PI3K/AKT pathway, or p53-related mechanisms. By eliminating these cells, senolytics have shown potential in improving tissue function, delaying age-related diseases, and enhancing healthspan in preclinical studies.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263,https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670
- See: Lelarge, V., Capelle, R., Oger, F. et al. Senolytics: from pharmacological inhibitors to immunotherapies, a promising future for patients� treatment. npj Aging 10, 12 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-024-00138-4
+ See: Lelarge, V., Capelle, R., Oger, F. et al. Senolytics: from pharmacological inhibitors to immunotherapies, a promising future for patients’ treatment. npj Aging 10, 12 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-024-00138-4
senolytic
diff --git a/rbo.json b/rbo.json
index 11ab175..967dcc4 100644
--- a/rbo.json
+++ b/rbo.json
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@
"val" : "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"
}, {
"pred" : "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo",
- "val" : "2025-12-11"
+ "val" : "2026-01-15"
} ],
- "version" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/rbo/releases/2025-12-11/rbo.json"
+ "version" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/rbo/releases/2026-01-15/rbo.json"
},
"nodes" : [ {
"id" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/APOLLO_SV_00000008",
@@ -167549,6 +167549,9 @@
"val" : "Radiation response modifiers that are peptides."
},
"basicPropertyValues" : [ {
+ "pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000119",
+ "val" : "Shaghaghi, Zahra et al. “Potential utility of peptides against damage induced by ionizing radiation.†Future oncology (2021): doi/10.2217/fon-2020-0577"
+ }, {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000119",
"val" : "Shaghaghi, Zahra et al. “Potential utility of peptides against damage induced by ionizing radiation.” Future oncology (2021): doi/10.2217/fon-2020-0577"
} ]
@@ -167571,6 +167574,9 @@
"val" : "A person employed or otherwise working in commercial activities where nuclear materials are created, handled or disposed and at risk of occupational radiation exposure. Excludes health workers."
},
"basicPropertyValues" : [ {
+ "pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000119",
+ "val" : "Nezahat Hunter, Richard G.E. Haylock, Michael Gillies, Wei Zhang; Extended analysis of solid cancer incidence among the Nuclear Industry Workers in the UK: 1955–2011. Radiat Res 2022; doi: https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-20-00269.1"
+ }, {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000119",
"val" : "Nezahat Hunter, Richard G.E. Haylock, Michael Gillies, Wei Zhang; Extended analysis of solid cancer incidence among the Nuclear Industry Workers in the UK: 1955–2011. Radiat Res 2022; doi: https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-20-00269.1"
} ]
@@ -169875,6 +169881,9 @@
"basicPropertyValues" : [ {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000116",
"val" : "Heavy ion radiation has several notable characteristics and contexts:\n\nHigh Linear Energy Transfer (LET): Heavy ion radiation has a high linear energy transfer, which means it deposits a significant amount of energy per unit path length as it travels through tissue. This characteristic can lead to more localized and potentially more damaging effects on cells and tissues.\n\nEnhanced Biological Effectiveness: Due to its high LET, heavy ion radiation in many cases has enhanced biological effectiveness, meaning it can cause more severe biological damage per unit of absorbed dose compared to other types of radiation.\n\nSpace Radiation: Heavy ions are a component of the galactic cosmic radiation present in space.\n\nIn common use, the distinction between heavy ions and light ions is somewhat flexible and context dependent. For example, \"heavy\" is sometimes used to refer to any ion heavier than a helium nucleus or even a proton; in practice the dividing line between light and heavy lies around atomic numbers 6-10."
+ }, {
+ "pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000116",
+ "val" : "Heavy ion radiation has several notable characteristics and contexts: High Linear Energy Transfer (LET): Heavy ion radiation has a high linear energy transfer, which means it deposits a significant amount of energy per unit path length as it travels through tissue. This characteristic can lead to more localized and potentially more damaging effects on cells and tissues. Enhanced Biological Effectiveness: Due to its high LET, heavy ion radiation in many cases has enhanced biological effectiveness, meaning it can cause more severe biological damage per unit of absorbed dose compared to other types of radiation.Space Radiation: Heavy ions are a component of the galactic cosmic radiation present in space. In common use, the distinction between heavy ions and light ions is somewhat flexible and context dependent. For example, \"heavy\" is sometimes used to refer to any ion heavier than a helium nucleus or even a proton; in practice the dividing line between light and heavy lies around atomic numbers 6-10."
} ]
}
}, {
@@ -170715,6 +170724,9 @@
"basicPropertyValues" : [ {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000112",
"val" : "The most obvious example is the bystander effect ( Carmel Mothersill, Andrej Rusin, Cristian Fernandez-Palomo & Colin Seymour (2018) History of bystander effects research 1905-present; what is in a name?, International Journal of Radiation Biology, 94:8, 696-707, DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1398436) where a naive cell behaves as if it has been irradiated because of its communication with an irradiated cell. It may also be used to describe the abscopal effect. Note that abscopal effects have been noted for ionising and non-ionising ( RF) radiation, eg. L?ffler MW. et al. . A Non-interventional Clinical Trial Assessing Immune Responses After Radiofrequency Ablation of Liver Metastases From Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol. 2019 Nov 19;10:2526. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02526. PMID: 31803175; PMCID: PMC6877671"
+ }, {
+ "pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000112",
+ "val" : "The most obvious example is the bystander effect ( Carmel Mothersill, Andrej Rusin, Cristian Fernandez-Palomo & Colin Seymour (2018) History of bystander effects research 1905-present; what is in a name?, International Journal of Radiation Biology, 94:8, 696-707, DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1398436) where a naive cell behaves as if it has been irradiated because of its communication with an irradiated cell. It may also be used to describe the abscopal effect. Note that abscopal effects have been noted for ionising and non-ionising ( RF) radiation, eg. Löffler MW. et al. . A Non-interventional Clinical Trial Assessing Immune Responses After Radiofrequency Ablation of Liver Metastases From Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol. 2019 Nov 19;10:2526. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02526. PMID: 31803175; PMCID: PMC6877671"
}, {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000119",
"val" : "Paul Schofield"
@@ -171244,7 +171256,7 @@
"type" : "CLASS",
"meta" : {
"definition" : {
- "val" : "A passive radon dosimeter in which a container filled with activated charcoal absorbs radon from the air. After exposure (typically 2�7 days), the canister is sealed and sent to a lab for gamma spectroscopy, which measures radon decay products."
+ "val" : "A passive radon dosimeter in which a container filled with activated charcoal absorbs radon from the air. After exposure (typically 2–7 days), the canister is sealed and sent to a lab for gamma spectroscopy, which measures radon decay products."
}
}
}, {
@@ -171269,7 +171281,7 @@
"type" : "CLASS",
"meta" : {
"definition" : {
- "val" : "Nuclear reactors primarily used to produce neutrons for the study of materials at the atomic level, the biological effects of radiation, the production of radioisotopes for medicine, industry and research, and the imaging of objects� internal structure."
+ "val" : "Nuclear reactors primarily used to produce neutrons for the study of materials at the atomic level, the biological effects of radiation, the production of radioisotopes for medicine, industry and research, and the imaging of objects’ internal structure."
},
"basicPropertyValues" : [ {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000118",
@@ -171448,7 +171460,7 @@
"type" : "CLASS",
"meta" : {
"definition" : {
- "val" : "A serious human disease that occurs when the entire body (or a large portion of it) is exposed to a high dose of penetrating radiation�typically more than 1 Gray (Gy)�over a short period (minutes to hours).\nKey features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fatigue. Latent Phase (hours to weeks): Apparent improvement or absence of symptoms. Manifest Illness Phase: Depending on dose, damage to rapidly dividing cells leads to one or more syndromes: Hematopoietic syndrome (1�10 Gy): Bone marrow failure, infection, bleeding. Gastrointestinal syndrome (5�20 Gy): Severe GI tract damage, fluid loss, sepsis. Neurovascular syndrome (?20 Gy): Neurological impairment, confusion, convulsions; usually fatal within days. Recovery or Death: If dose is survivable and supportive care is provided, recovery can occur over weeks to months; higher doses carry a poor prognosis."
+ "val" : "A serious human disease that occurs when the entire body (or a large portion of it) is exposed to a high dose of penetrating radiation—typically more than 1 Gray (Gy)—over a short period (minutes to hours).Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fatigue. Latent Phase (hours to weeks): Apparent improvement or absence of symptoms. Manifest Illness Phase: Depending on dose, damage to rapidly dividing cells leads to one or more syndromes: Hematopoietic syndrome (1–10 Gy): Bone marrow failure, infection, bleeding. Gastrointestinal syndrome (5–20 Gy): Severe GI tract damage, fluid loss, sepsis. Neurovascular syndrome (≥20 Gy): Neurological impairment, confusion, convulsions; usually fatal within days. Recovery or Death: If dose is survivable and supportive care is provided, recovery can occur over weeks to months; higher doses carry a poor prognosis."
},
"basicPropertyValues" : [ {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000118",
@@ -171561,7 +171573,7 @@
"type" : "CLASS",
"meta" : {
"definition" : {
- "val" : "The radiation environment consisting of the water at the surface of the Earth, including all of Earth�s water: oceans and seas, lakes and rivers (freshwater), groundwater, and atmospheric water. Some frameworks treat the cryosphere (ice, snow, glaciers) as a sub-part of the hydrosphere. Radiation in water consists of particles originating in space which are sufficiently energetic and/or weakly interacting with the Earth's magnetic field and atmosphere to reach the surface; particles produced by interactions of space radiation with the Earth's atmosphere; decays of naturally occurring radioactive elements dissolved or suspended in water, those on the substrate where there is body of water and from the subsurface. This includes anthropogenic radiation carried in water by means of direct discharges, precipitation and other transfer routes. The composition and strength of the radiation in water at a given point on the Earth's surface depends on factors including underlying geology, water chemistry and elemental composition, and the temporal variation in incident space radiation, e.g. with solar cycle."
+ "val" : "The radiation environment consisting of the water at the surface of the Earth, including all of Earth’s water: oceans and seas, lakes and rivers (freshwater), groundwater, and atmospheric water. Some frameworks treat the cryosphere (ice, snow, glaciers) as a sub-part of the hydrosphere. Radiation in water consists of particles originating in space which are sufficiently energetic and/or weakly interacting with the Earth's magnetic field and atmosphere to reach the surface; particles produced by interactions of space radiation with the Earth's atmosphere; decays of naturally occurring radioactive elements dissolved or suspended in water, those on the substrate where there is body of water and from the subsurface. This includes anthropogenic radiation carried in water by means of direct discharges, precipitation and other transfer routes. The composition and strength of the radiation in water at a given point on the Earth's surface depends on factors including underlying geology, water chemistry and elemental composition, and the temporal variation in incident space radiation, e.g. with solar cycle."
}
}
}, {
@@ -171573,6 +171585,60 @@
"val" : "A measurement of the amount of energy deposited by ionizing radiation per unit length of a medium. . It represents the average energy transferred to the material per unit length along the path of the particle in a specified micrometric ( or smaller) site divided by the mean chord length of the site volume. Lineal energy is typically expressed in units of keV/?m (kilo-electron volts per micrometer) or MeV/cm (mega-electron volts per centimeter)"
}
}
+ }, {
+ "id" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RBO_00010059",
+ "lbl" : "ionization cluster size",
+ "type" : "CLASS",
+ "meta" : {
+ "definition" : {
+ "val" : "The ionization cluster size is a measure of the spatial extent or size of the ionized region created by the passage of radiation through a medium. It measures the number of ion pairs that are produced within a localized volume or track of the radiation particle."
+ },
+ "basicPropertyValues" : [ {
+ "pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000116",
+ "val" : "In the case of ionization cluster size per unit length, the common unit is \"ion pairs per micrometer\" (ion pairs/µm) or \"ion pairs per millimeter\" (ion pairs/mm). This unit represents the average number of ion pairs produced within a length of one micrometer or one millimeter along the path of the ionizing particle. For ionization cluster size per unit volume, the unit may be \"ion pairs per cubic micrometer\" (ion pairs/µm³) or \"ion pairs per cubic millimeter\" (ion pairs/mm³). This unit represents the average number of ion pairs produced within a volume of one cubic micrometer or one cubic millimeter.\""
+ }, {
+ "pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000118",
+ "val" : "ionisation cluster size"
+ } ]
+ }
+ }, {
+ "id" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RBO_00010060",
+ "lbl" : "ionization cluster size measurement datum",
+ "type" : "CLASS",
+ "meta" : {
+ "definition" : {
+ "val" : "A measure of the spatial extent or size of the ionized region created by the passage of radiation through a medium. It measures the number of ion pairs that are produced within a localized volume or track of the radiation particle."
+ },
+ "basicPropertyValues" : [ {
+ "pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000116",
+ "val" : "In the case of ionization cluster size per unit length, the common unit is \"ion pairs per micrometer\" (ion pairs/µm) or \"ion pairs per millimeter\" (ion pairs/mm). This unit represents the average number of ion pairs produced within a length of one micrometer or one millimeter along the path of the ionizing particle. For ionization cluster size per unit volume, the unit may be \"ion pairs per cubic micrometer\" (ion pairs/µm³) or \"ion pairs per cubic millimeter\" (ion pairs/mm³). This unit represents the average number of ion pairs produced within a volume of one cubic micrometer or one cubic millimeter.\""
+ }, {
+ "pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000118",
+ "val" : "ionisation cluster size measurement datum"
+ } ]
+ }
+ }, {
+ "id" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RBO_00010061",
+ "lbl" : "particle track penumbra",
+ "type" : "CLASS",
+ "meta" : {
+ "definition" : {
+ "val" : "The particle track penumbra is the region where secondary electrons released by the primary particle, transitioning a medium, are the exclusive agents of energy deposition due to multiple scattering and energy loss of the charged particles as they interact with the atoms and molecules of the medium.\" Makes sense to define this a s a spatial region ( BFO:000006) as it has extent that can be measured but is a concept rather than a material entity."
+ },
+ "basicPropertyValues" : [ {
+ "pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000116",
+ "val" : "Heavy nuclei of the primary galactic radiation in space can have the same linear energy transfer yet greatly different lateral distribution patterns of the energy in the microstructure of tissue. Track structure thus presents itself as a new dosimetric parameter for HZE particles which is at present incompletely understood in its radiobiological significance. The theory of track structure distinguishes two regions: core and penumbra. The core is a narrow region with a radius far below 1 micron in tissue where energy deposition occurs mainly through excitations and collective oscillations of electrons. Energy density in the core accounts for slightly more than half the total LET. The penumbra surrounding the core extends laterally several to many microns depending on the energy of the primary. Energy density in the penumbra decreases steeply with the square of increasing radius. The relationships are illustrated with nuclear emulsion micrographs and plots of energy density profiles. The implications of the findings for a dosimetric system for HZE particles are discussed. See Chatterjee, A., Schaefer, H.J. ( 1976) Rad Env Biophys 13, 215-227 https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19750020623/downloads/19750020623.pdf"
+ } ]
+ }
+ }, {
+ "id" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RBO_00010062",
+ "lbl" : "particle track core",
+ "type" : "CLASS",
+ "meta" : {
+ "definition" : {
+ "val" : "In the theory of particle track structure, the narrow central zone with a radius in matter far below 1 micron where energy deposition occurs mainly in processes of ionisation, excitation and collective oscillation of the atoms of the medium related to the passage of the primary particle."
+ }
+ }
}, {
"id" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RBO_00015000",
"lbl" : "radiation",
@@ -171601,6 +171667,9 @@
},
"comments" : [ "Usually a track structure assay at nm scale" ],
"basicPropertyValues" : [ {
+ "pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000119",
+ "val" : "See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006."
+ }, {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000119",
"val" : "See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006."
} ]
@@ -171615,6 +171684,9 @@
},
"comments" : [ "Usually a track structure assay at micrometre scale" ],
"basicPropertyValues" : [ {
+ "pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000119",
+ "val" : "See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006."
+ }, {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000119",
"val" : "See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006."
} ]
@@ -172220,7 +172292,7 @@
"type" : "CLASS",
"meta" : {
"definition" : {
- "val" : "The geomagnetosphere is the region of space surrounding Earth where the dominant magnetic field is the magnetic field of Earth, rather than the magnetic field of interplanetary space. The geomagnetosphere is formed by the interaction of the solar wind with Earth�s magnetic field."
+ "val" : "The geomagnetosphere is the region of space surrounding Earth where the dominant magnetic field is the magnetic field of Earth, rather than the magnetic field of interplanetary space. The geomagnetosphere is formed by the interaction of the solar wind with Earth’s magnetic field."
},
"basicPropertyValues" : [ {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000117",
@@ -172319,7 +172391,7 @@
"type" : "CLASS",
"meta" : {
"definition" : {
- "val" : "A senolytic is a type of drug or compound that selectively induces the death, removal or both of senescent cells�cells that have stopped dividing but often remain metabolically active, often secreting inflammatory and harmful molecules. These cells accumulate with age and contribute to aging-related diseases, chronic inflammation, and tissue dysfunction. "
+ "val" : "A senolytic is a type of drug or compound that selectively induces the death, removal or both of senescent cells—cells that have stopped dividing but often remain metabolically active, often secreting inflammatory and harmful molecules. These cells accumulate with age and contribute to aging-related diseases, chronic inflammation, and tissue dysfunction. "
},
"basicPropertyValues" : [ {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000116",
@@ -172329,7 +172401,7 @@
"val" : "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263,https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670"
}, {
"pred" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000119",
- "val" : "See: Lelarge, V., Capelle, R., Oger, F. et al. Senolytics: from pharmacological inhibitors to immunotherapies, a promising future for patients� treatment. npj Aging 10, 12 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-024-00138-4"
+ "val" : "See: Lelarge, V., Capelle, R., Oger, F. et al. Senolytics: from pharmacological inhibitors to immunotherapies, a promising future for patients’ treatment. npj Aging 10, 12 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-024-00138-4"
} ]
}
}, {
@@ -354159,6 +354231,22 @@
"sub" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RBO_00010058",
"pred" : "is_a",
"obj" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000109"
+ }, {
+ "sub" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RBO_00010059",
+ "pred" : "is_a",
+ "obj" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001241"
+ }, {
+ "sub" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RBO_00010060",
+ "pred" : "is_a",
+ "obj" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000032"
+ }, {
+ "sub" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RBO_00010061",
+ "pred" : "is_a",
+ "obj" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000006"
+ }, {
+ "sub" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RBO_00010062",
+ "pred" : "is_a",
+ "obj" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000006"
}, {
"sub" : "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RBO_00015000",
"pred" : "is_a",
diff --git a/rbo.owl b/rbo.owl
index 4d2b126..67e03b8 100644
--- a/rbo.owl
+++ b/rbo.owl
@@ -39,11 +39,11 @@
xmlns:oboInOwl="http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#"
xmlns:ncbitaxon="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncbitaxon#">
-
+
RBO is an ontology for the effects of radiation on biota in terrestrial and space environments.
Radiation Biology Ontology
- 2025-12-11
+ 2026-01-15
@@ -278962,6 +278962,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I
Radiation response modifiers that are peptides.
+ Shaghaghi, Zahra et al. “Potential utility of peptides against damage induced by ionizing radiation.†Future oncology (2021): doi/10.2217/fon-2020-0577
Shaghaghi, Zahra et al. “Potential utility of peptides against damage induced by ionizing radiation.” Future oncology (2021): doi/10.2217/fon-2020-0577
peptide radiation response modifier
@@ -278983,6 +278984,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I
A person employed or otherwise working in commercial activities where nuclear materials are created, handled or disposed and at risk of occupational radiation exposure. Excludes health workers.
+ Nezahat Hunter, Richard G.E. Haylock, Michael Gillies, Wei Zhang; Extended analysis of solid cancer incidence among the Nuclear Industry Workers in the UK: 1955–2011. Radiat Res 2022; doi: https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-20-00269.1
Nezahat Hunter, Richard G.E. Haylock, Michael Gillies, Wei Zhang; Extended analysis of solid cancer incidence among the Nuclear Industry Workers in the UK: 1955–2011. Radiat Res 2022; doi: https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-20-00269.1
nuclear industry worker
@@ -279339,6 +279341,7 @@ Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', I
+ A set of behaviours that have some socially agreed upon function and for which there is an accepted code of norms. This may refer to a role within an organisation or within society as a whole. For example a Profession†can be defined as a cluster of occupational roles, or roles in which the incumbents perform certain functions valued in the organisation or society.
A set of behaviours that have some socially agreed upon function and for which there is an accepted code of norms. This may refer to a role within an organisation or within society as a whole. For example a Profession” can be defined as a cluster of occupational roles, or roles in which the incumbents perform certain functions valued in the organisation or society.
occupational role
@@ -281036,6 +281039,7 @@ Enhanced Biological Effectiveness: Due to its high LET, heavy ion radiation in m
Space Radiation: Heavy ions are a component of the galactic cosmic radiation present in space.
In common use, the distinction between heavy ions and light ions is somewhat flexible and context dependent. For example, "heavy" is sometimes used to refer to any ion heavier than a helium nucleus or even a proton; in practice the dividing line between light and heavy lies around atomic numbers 6-10.
+ Heavy ion radiation has several notable characteristics and contexts: High Linear Energy Transfer (LET): Heavy ion radiation has a high linear energy transfer, which means it deposits a significant amount of energy per unit path length as it travels through tissue. This characteristic can lead to more localized and potentially more damaging effects on cells and tissues. Enhanced Biological Effectiveness: Due to its high LET, heavy ion radiation in many cases has enhanced biological effectiveness, meaning it can cause more severe biological damage per unit of absorbed dose compared to other types of radiation.Space Radiation: Heavy ions are a component of the galactic cosmic radiation present in space. In common use, the distinction between heavy ions and light ions is somewhat flexible and context dependent. For example, "heavy" is sometimes used to refer to any ion heavier than a helium nucleus or even a proton; in practice the dividing line between light and heavy lies around atomic numbers 6-10.
heavy ion radiation
@@ -281688,6 +281692,7 @@ In common use, the distinction between heavy ions and light ions is somewhat fle
The most obvious example is the bystander effect ( Carmel Mothersill, Andrej Rusin, Cristian Fernandez-Palomo & Colin Seymour (2018) History of bystander effects research 1905-present; what is in a name?, International Journal of Radiation Biology, 94:8, 696-707, DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1398436) where a naive cell behaves as if it has been irradiated because of its communication with an irradiated cell. It may also be used to describe the abscopal effect. Note that abscopal effects have been noted for ionising and non-ionising ( RF) radiation, eg. L?ffler MW. et al. . A Non-interventional Clinical Trial Assessing Immune Responses After Radiofrequency Ablation of Liver Metastases From Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol. 2019 Nov 19;10:2526. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02526. PMID: 31803175; PMCID: PMC6877671
+ The most obvious example is the bystander effect ( Carmel Mothersill, Andrej Rusin, Cristian Fernandez-Palomo & Colin Seymour (2018) History of bystander effects research 1905-present; what is in a name?, International Journal of Radiation Biology, 94:8, 696-707, DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1398436) where a naive cell behaves as if it has been irradiated because of its communication with an irradiated cell. It may also be used to describe the abscopal effect. Note that abscopal effects have been noted for ionising and non-ionising ( RF) radiation, eg. Löffler MW. et al. . A Non-interventional Clinical Trial Assessing Immune Responses After Radiofrequency Ablation of Liver Metastases From Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol. 2019 Nov 19;10:2526. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02526. PMID: 31803175; PMCID: PMC6877671
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of radiation acting on another cell and not on the responding cell. The process begins with detection of radiation by a cell or cells and ends with a change in state or activity of a different cell or cells.
Paul Schofield
indirect cellular response to radiation
@@ -282066,7 +282071,7 @@ In common use, the distinction between heavy ions and light ions is somewhat fle
- A passive radon dosimeter in which a container filled with activated charcoal absorbs radon from the air. After exposure (typically 2�7 days), the canister is sealed and sent to a lab for gamma spectroscopy, which measures radon decay products.
+ A passive radon dosimeter in which a container filled with activated charcoal absorbs radon from the air. After exposure (typically 2–7 days), the canister is sealed and sent to a lab for gamma spectroscopy, which measures radon decay products.
charcoal cannister radon dosimeter
@@ -282088,7 +282093,7 @@ In common use, the distinction between heavy ions and light ions is somewhat fle
- Nuclear reactors primarily used to produce neutrons for the study of materials at the atomic level, the biological effects of radiation, the production of radioisotopes for medicine, industry and research, and the imaging of objects� internal structure.
+ Nuclear reactors primarily used to produce neutrons for the study of materials at the atomic level, the biological effects of radiation, the production of radioisotopes for medicine, industry and research, and the imaging of objects’ internal structure.
research reactor
Definition adapted from: https://www.iaea.org/bulletin/what-are-research-reactors-how-do-they-contribute-to-sustainable-development
research nuclear reactor
@@ -282266,8 +282271,7 @@ In common use, the distinction between heavy ions and light ions is somewhat fle
- A serious human disease that occurs when the entire body (or a large portion of it) is exposed to a high dose of penetrating radiation�typically more than 1 Gray (Gy)�over a short period (minutes to hours).
-Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fatigue. Latent Phase (hours to weeks): Apparent improvement or absence of symptoms. Manifest Illness Phase: Depending on dose, damage to rapidly dividing cells leads to one or more syndromes: Hematopoietic syndrome (1�10 Gy): Bone marrow failure, infection, bleeding. Gastrointestinal syndrome (5�20 Gy): Severe GI tract damage, fluid loss, sepsis. Neurovascular syndrome (?20 Gy): Neurological impairment, confusion, convulsions; usually fatal within days. Recovery or Death: If dose is survivable and supportive care is provided, recovery can occur over weeks to months; higher doses carry a poor prognosis.
+ A serious human disease that occurs when the entire body (or a large portion of it) is exposed to a high dose of penetrating radiation—typically more than 1 Gray (Gy)—over a short period (minutes to hours).Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fatigue. Latent Phase (hours to weeks): Apparent improvement or absence of symptoms. Manifest Illness Phase: Depending on dose, damage to rapidly dividing cells leads to one or more syndromes: Hematopoietic syndrome (1–10 Gy): Bone marrow failure, infection, bleeding. Gastrointestinal syndrome (5–20 Gy): Severe GI tract damage, fluid loss, sepsis. Neurovascular syndrome (≥20 Gy): Neurological impairment, confusion, convulsions; usually fatal within days. Recovery or Death: If dose is survivable and supportive care is provided, recovery can occur over weeks to months; higher doses carry a poor prognosis.
acute radiation sickness, ARS
Dainiak, N., & Albanese, J. (2022). Medical management of acute radiation syndrome. Journal of radiological protection : official journal of the Society for Radiological Protection, 42(3), 10.1088/1361-6498/ac7d18. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/ac7d18. https://www.icrpaedia.org/Acute_radiation_syndrome
acute radiation syndrome
@@ -282373,7 +282377,7 @@ Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fati
- The radiation environment consisting of the water at the surface of the Earth, including all of Earth�s water: oceans and seas, lakes and rivers (freshwater), groundwater, and atmospheric water. Some frameworks treat the cryosphere (ice, snow, glaciers) as a sub-part of the hydrosphere. Radiation in water consists of particles originating in space which are sufficiently energetic and/or weakly interacting with the Earth's magnetic field and atmosphere to reach the surface; particles produced by interactions of space radiation with the Earth's atmosphere; decays of naturally occurring radioactive elements dissolved or suspended in water, those on the substrate where there is body of water and from the subsurface. This includes anthropogenic radiation carried in water by means of direct discharges, precipitation and other transfer routes. The composition and strength of the radiation in water at a given point on the Earth's surface depends on factors including underlying geology, water chemistry and elemental composition, and the temporal variation in incident space radiation, e.g. with solar cycle.
+ The radiation environment consisting of the water at the surface of the Earth, including all of Earth’s water: oceans and seas, lakes and rivers (freshwater), groundwater, and atmospheric water. Some frameworks treat the cryosphere (ice, snow, glaciers) as a sub-part of the hydrosphere. Radiation in water consists of particles originating in space which are sufficiently energetic and/or weakly interacting with the Earth's magnetic field and atmosphere to reach the surface; particles produced by interactions of space radiation with the Earth's atmosphere; decays of naturally occurring radioactive elements dissolved or suspended in water, those on the substrate where there is body of water and from the subsurface. This includes anthropogenic radiation carried in water by means of direct discharges, precipitation and other transfer routes. The composition and strength of the radiation in water at a given point on the Earth's surface depends on factors including underlying geology, water chemistry and elemental composition, and the temporal variation in incident space radiation, e.g. with solar cycle.
earth hydrosphere radiation environment
@@ -282389,6 +282393,51 @@ Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fati
+
+
+
+
+ The ionization cluster size is a measure of the spatial extent or size of the ionized region created by the passage of radiation through a medium. It measures the number of ion pairs that are produced within a localized volume or track of the radiation particle.
+ In the case of ionization cluster size per unit length, the common unit is "ion pairs per micrometer" (ion pairs/µm) or "ion pairs per millimeter" (ion pairs/mm). This unit represents the average number of ion pairs produced within a length of one micrometer or one millimeter along the path of the ionizing particle. For ionization cluster size per unit volume, the unit may be "ion pairs per cubic micrometer" (ion pairs/µm³) or "ion pairs per cubic millimeter" (ion pairs/mm³). This unit represents the average number of ion pairs produced within a volume of one cubic micrometer or one cubic millimeter."
+ ionisation cluster size
+ ionization cluster size
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A measure of the spatial extent or size of the ionized region created by the passage of radiation through a medium. It measures the number of ion pairs that are produced within a localized volume or track of the radiation particle.
+ In the case of ionization cluster size per unit length, the common unit is "ion pairs per micrometer" (ion pairs/µm) or "ion pairs per millimeter" (ion pairs/mm). This unit represents the average number of ion pairs produced within a length of one micrometer or one millimeter along the path of the ionizing particle. For ionization cluster size per unit volume, the unit may be "ion pairs per cubic micrometer" (ion pairs/µm³) or "ion pairs per cubic millimeter" (ion pairs/mm³). This unit represents the average number of ion pairs produced within a volume of one cubic micrometer or one cubic millimeter."
+ ionisation cluster size measurement datum
+ ionization cluster size measurement datum
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The particle track penumbra is the region where secondary electrons released by the primary particle, transitioning a medium, are the exclusive agents of energy deposition due to multiple scattering and energy loss of the charged particles as they interact with the atoms and molecules of the medium." Makes sense to define this a s a spatial region ( BFO:000006) as it has extent that can be measured but is a concept rather than a material entity.
+ Heavy nuclei of the primary galactic radiation in space can have the same linear energy transfer yet greatly different lateral distribution patterns of the energy in the microstructure of tissue. Track structure thus presents itself as a new dosimetric parameter for HZE particles which is at present incompletely understood in its radiobiological significance. The theory of track structure distinguishes two regions: core and penumbra. The core is a narrow region with a radius far below 1 micron in tissue where energy deposition occurs mainly through excitations and collective oscillations of electrons. Energy density in the core accounts for slightly more than half the total LET. The penumbra surrounding the core extends laterally several to many microns depending on the energy of the primary. Energy density in the penumbra decreases steeply with the square of increasing radius. The relationships are illustrated with nuclear emulsion micrographs and plots of energy density profiles. The implications of the findings for a dosimetric system for HZE particles are discussed. See Chatterjee, A., Schaefer, H.J. ( 1976) Rad Env Biophys 13, 215-227 https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19750020623/downloads/19750020623.pdf
+ particle track penumbra
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ In the theory of particle track structure, the narrow central zone with a radius in matter far below 1 micron where energy deposition occurs mainly in processes of ionisation, excitation and collective oscillation of the atoms of the medium related to the passage of the primary particle.
+ particle track core
+
+
+
+
@@ -282414,6 +282463,7 @@ Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fati
An assay of the pattern (frequency and spatial distribution) of ionization events produced by energy deposition in time and space in a substance characterized by linear dimensions of the order of 1-100 nanometers
+ See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006.
See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006.
Usually a track structure assay at nm scale
nanodosimetry assay
@@ -282426,6 +282476,7 @@ Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fati
An assay of the pattern (frequency and spatial distribution) of ionization events produced by energy deposition in time and space in a substance characterized by linear dimensions of the order of 1-100 micrometers
+ See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006.
See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006.
Usually a track structure assay at micrometre scale
microdosimetry assay
@@ -282935,7 +282986,7 @@ Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fati
- The geomagnetosphere is the region of space surrounding Earth where the dominant magnetic field is the magnetic field of Earth, rather than the magnetic field of interplanetary space. The geomagnetosphere is formed by the interaction of the solar wind with Earth�s magnetic field.
+ The geomagnetosphere is the region of space surrounding Earth where the dominant magnetic field is the magnetic field of Earth, rather than the magnetic field of interplanetary space. The geomagnetosphere is formed by the interaction of the solar wind with Earth’s magnetic field.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670
https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/earths-magnetosphere
geomagnetosphere
@@ -283023,10 +283074,10 @@ Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fati
- A senolytic is a type of drug or compound that selectively induces the death, removal or both of senescent cells�cells that have stopped dividing but often remain metabolically active, often secreting inflammatory and harmful molecules. These cells accumulate with age and contribute to aging-related diseases, chronic inflammation, and tissue dysfunction.
+ A senolytic is a type of drug or compound that selectively induces the death, removal or both of senescent cells—cells that have stopped dividing but often remain metabolically active, often secreting inflammatory and harmful molecules. These cells accumulate with age and contribute to aging-related diseases, chronic inflammation, and tissue dysfunction.
Senolytics work by targeting specific survival pathways that senescent cells rely on, such as the BCL-2 family proteins, PI3K/AKT pathway, or p53-related mechanisms. By eliminating these cells, senolytics have shown potential in improving tissue function, delaying age-related diseases, and enhancing healthspan in preclinical studies.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263,https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670
- See: Lelarge, V., Capelle, R., Oger, F. et al. Senolytics: from pharmacological inhibitors to immunotherapies, a promising future for patients� treatment. npj Aging 10, 12 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-024-00138-4
+ See: Lelarge, V., Capelle, R., Oger, F. et al. Senolytics: from pharmacological inhibitors to immunotherapies, a promising future for patients’ treatment. npj Aging 10, 12 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-024-00138-4
senolytic
diff --git a/src/ontology/components/all_templates.owl b/src/ontology/components/all_templates.owl
index fc9b5f9..8e86351 100644
--- a/src/ontology/components/all_templates.owl
+++ b/src/ontology/components/all_templates.owl
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
xmlns:oboInOwl="http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#">
-
+
@@ -125,6 +125,12 @@
+
+
+
+
+
+
@@ -275,6 +281,12 @@
+
+
+
+
+
+
@@ -952,7 +964,7 @@
Radiation response modifiers that are peptides.
- Shaghaghi, Zahra et al. “Potential utility of peptides against damage induced by ionizing radiation.” Future oncology (2021): doi/10.2217/fon-2020-0577
+ Shaghaghi, Zahra et al. “Potential utility of peptides against damage induced by ionizing radiation.†Future oncology (2021): doi/10.2217/fon-2020-0577
peptide radiation response modifier
@@ -973,7 +985,7 @@
A person employed or otherwise working in commercial activities where nuclear materials are created, handled or disposed and at risk of occupational radiation exposure. Excludes health workers.
- Nezahat Hunter, Richard G.E. Haylock, Michael Gillies, Wei Zhang; Extended analysis of solid cancer incidence among the Nuclear Industry Workers in the UK: 1955–2011. Radiat Res 2022; doi: https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-20-00269.1
+ Nezahat Hunter, Richard G.E. Haylock, Michael Gillies, Wei Zhang; Extended analysis of solid cancer incidence among the Nuclear Industry Workers in the UK: 1955–2011. Radiat Res 2022; doi: https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-20-00269.1
nuclear industry worker
@@ -1325,7 +1337,7 @@
- A set of behaviours that have some socially agreed upon function and for which there is an accepted code of norms. This may refer to a role within an organisation or within society as a whole. For example a Profession” can be defined as a cluster of occupational roles, or roles in which the incumbents perform certain functions valued in the organisation or society.
+ A set of behaviours that have some socially agreed upon function and for which there is an accepted code of norms. This may refer to a role within an organisation or within society as a whole. For example a Profession†can be defined as a cluster of occupational roles, or roles in which the incumbents perform certain functions valued in the organisation or society.
occupational role
@@ -2997,15 +3009,7 @@
A type of ionizing radiation consisting of charged particles that are relatively massive compared to other types of radiation, such as alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. Heavy ion radiation is composed of atomic nuclei that have been stripped of their electrons, resulting in positively charged particles.
- Heavy ion radiation has several notable characteristics and contexts:
-
-High Linear Energy Transfer (LET): Heavy ion radiation has a high linear energy transfer, which means it deposits a significant amount of energy per unit path length as it travels through tissue. This characteristic can lead to more localized and potentially more damaging effects on cells and tissues.
-
-Enhanced Biological Effectiveness: Due to its high LET, heavy ion radiation in many cases has enhanced biological effectiveness, meaning it can cause more severe biological damage per unit of absorbed dose compared to other types of radiation.
-
-Space Radiation: Heavy ions are a component of the galactic cosmic radiation present in space.
-
-In common use, the distinction between heavy ions and light ions is somewhat flexible and context dependent. For example, "heavy" is sometimes used to refer to any ion heavier than a helium nucleus or even a proton; in practice the dividing line between light and heavy lies around atomic numbers 6-10.
+ Heavy ion radiation has several notable characteristics and contexts: High Linear Energy Transfer (LET): Heavy ion radiation has a high linear energy transfer, which means it deposits a significant amount of energy per unit path length as it travels through tissue. This characteristic can lead to more localized and potentially more damaging effects on cells and tissues. Enhanced Biological Effectiveness: Due to its high LET, heavy ion radiation in many cases has enhanced biological effectiveness, meaning it can cause more severe biological damage per unit of absorbed dose compared to other types of radiation.Space Radiation: Heavy ions are a component of the galactic cosmic radiation present in space. In common use, the distinction between heavy ions and light ions is somewhat flexible and context dependent. For example, "heavy" is sometimes used to refer to any ion heavier than a helium nucleus or even a proton; in practice the dividing line between light and heavy lies around atomic numbers 6-10.
heavy ion radiation
@@ -3650,7 +3654,7 @@ In common use, the distinction between heavy ions and light ions is somewhat fle
- The most obvious example is the bystander effect ( Carmel Mothersill, Andrej Rusin, Cristian Fernandez-Palomo & Colin Seymour (2018) History of bystander effects research 1905-present; what is in a name?, International Journal of Radiation Biology, 94:8, 696-707, DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1398436) where a naive cell behaves as if it has been irradiated because of its communication with an irradiated cell. It may also be used to describe the abscopal effect. Note that abscopal effects have been noted for ionising and non-ionising ( RF) radiation, eg. L?ffler MW. et al. . A Non-interventional Clinical Trial Assessing Immune Responses After Radiofrequency Ablation of Liver Metastases From Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol. 2019 Nov 19;10:2526. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02526. PMID: 31803175; PMCID: PMC6877671
+ The most obvious example is the bystander effect ( Carmel Mothersill, Andrej Rusin, Cristian Fernandez-Palomo & Colin Seymour (2018) History of bystander effects research 1905-present; what is in a name?, International Journal of Radiation Biology, 94:8, 696-707, DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1398436) where a naive cell behaves as if it has been irradiated because of its communication with an irradiated cell. It may also be used to describe the abscopal effect. Note that abscopal effects have been noted for ionising and non-ionising ( RF) radiation, eg. Löffler MW. et al. . A Non-interventional Clinical Trial Assessing Immune Responses After Radiofrequency Ablation of Liver Metastases From Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol. 2019 Nov 19;10:2526. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02526. PMID: 31803175; PMCID: PMC6877671
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of radiation acting on another cell and not on the responding cell. The process begins with detection of radiation by a cell or cells and ends with a change in state or activity of a different cell or cells.
Paul Schofield
indirect cellular response to radiation
@@ -4029,7 +4033,7 @@ In common use, the distinction between heavy ions and light ions is somewhat fle
- A passive radon dosimeter in which a container filled with activated charcoal absorbs radon from the air. After exposure (typically 2�7 days), the canister is sealed and sent to a lab for gamma spectroscopy, which measures radon decay products.
+ A passive radon dosimeter in which a container filled with activated charcoal absorbs radon from the air. After exposure (typically 2–7 days), the canister is sealed and sent to a lab for gamma spectroscopy, which measures radon decay products.
charcoal cannister radon dosimeter
@@ -4051,7 +4055,7 @@ In common use, the distinction between heavy ions and light ions is somewhat fle
- Nuclear reactors primarily used to produce neutrons for the study of materials at the atomic level, the biological effects of radiation, the production of radioisotopes for medicine, industry and research, and the imaging of objects� internal structure.
+ Nuclear reactors primarily used to produce neutrons for the study of materials at the atomic level, the biological effects of radiation, the production of radioisotopes for medicine, industry and research, and the imaging of objects’ internal structure.
research reactor
Definition adapted from: https://www.iaea.org/bulletin/what-are-research-reactors-how-do-they-contribute-to-sustainable-development
research nuclear reactor
@@ -4228,8 +4232,7 @@ In common use, the distinction between heavy ions and light ions is somewhat fle
- A serious human disease that occurs when the entire body (or a large portion of it) is exposed to a high dose of penetrating radiation�typically more than 1 Gray (Gy)�over a short period (minutes to hours).
-Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fatigue. Latent Phase (hours to weeks): Apparent improvement or absence of symptoms. Manifest Illness Phase: Depending on dose, damage to rapidly dividing cells leads to one or more syndromes: Hematopoietic syndrome (1�10 Gy): Bone marrow failure, infection, bleeding. Gastrointestinal syndrome (5�20 Gy): Severe GI tract damage, fluid loss, sepsis. Neurovascular syndrome (?20 Gy): Neurological impairment, confusion, convulsions; usually fatal within days. Recovery or Death: If dose is survivable and supportive care is provided, recovery can occur over weeks to months; higher doses carry a poor prognosis.
+ A serious human disease that occurs when the entire body (or a large portion of it) is exposed to a high dose of penetrating radiation—typically more than 1 Gray (Gy)—over a short period (minutes to hours).Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fatigue. Latent Phase (hours to weeks): Apparent improvement or absence of symptoms. Manifest Illness Phase: Depending on dose, damage to rapidly dividing cells leads to one or more syndromes: Hematopoietic syndrome (1–10 Gy): Bone marrow failure, infection, bleeding. Gastrointestinal syndrome (5–20 Gy): Severe GI tract damage, fluid loss, sepsis. Neurovascular syndrome (≥20 Gy): Neurological impairment, confusion, convulsions; usually fatal within days. Recovery or Death: If dose is survivable and supportive care is provided, recovery can occur over weeks to months; higher doses carry a poor prognosis.
acute radiation sickness, ARS
Dainiak, N., & Albanese, J. (2022). Medical management of acute radiation syndrome. Journal of radiological protection : official journal of the Society for Radiological Protection, 42(3), 10.1088/1361-6498/ac7d18. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/ac7d18. https://www.icrpaedia.org/Acute_radiation_syndrome
acute radiation syndrome
@@ -4335,7 +4338,7 @@ Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fati
- The radiation environment consisting of the water at the surface of the Earth, including all of Earth�s water: oceans and seas, lakes and rivers (freshwater), groundwater, and atmospheric water. Some frameworks treat the cryosphere (ice, snow, glaciers) as a sub-part of the hydrosphere. Radiation in water consists of particles originating in space which are sufficiently energetic and/or weakly interacting with the Earth's magnetic field and atmosphere to reach the surface; particles produced by interactions of space radiation with the Earth's atmosphere; decays of naturally occurring radioactive elements dissolved or suspended in water, those on the substrate where there is body of water and from the subsurface. This includes anthropogenic radiation carried in water by means of direct discharges, precipitation and other transfer routes. The composition and strength of the radiation in water at a given point on the Earth's surface depends on factors including underlying geology, water chemistry and elemental composition, and the temporal variation in incident space radiation, e.g. with solar cycle.
+ The radiation environment consisting of the water at the surface of the Earth, including all of Earth’s water: oceans and seas, lakes and rivers (freshwater), groundwater, and atmospheric water. Some frameworks treat the cryosphere (ice, snow, glaciers) as a sub-part of the hydrosphere. Radiation in water consists of particles originating in space which are sufficiently energetic and/or weakly interacting with the Earth's magnetic field and atmosphere to reach the surface; particles produced by interactions of space radiation with the Earth's atmosphere; decays of naturally occurring radioactive elements dissolved or suspended in water, those on the substrate where there is body of water and from the subsurface. This includes anthropogenic radiation carried in water by means of direct discharges, precipitation and other transfer routes. The composition and strength of the radiation in water at a given point on the Earth's surface depends on factors including underlying geology, water chemistry and elemental composition, and the temporal variation in incident space radiation, e.g. with solar cycle.
earth hydrosphere radiation environment
@@ -4351,6 +4354,51 @@ Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fati
+
+
+
+
+ The ionization cluster size is a measure of the spatial extent or size of the ionized region created by the passage of radiation through a medium. It measures the number of ion pairs that are produced within a localized volume or track of the radiation particle.
+ In the case of ionization cluster size per unit length, the common unit is "ion pairs per micrometer" (ion pairs/µm) or "ion pairs per millimeter" (ion pairs/mm). This unit represents the average number of ion pairs produced within a length of one micrometer or one millimeter along the path of the ionizing particle. For ionization cluster size per unit volume, the unit may be "ion pairs per cubic micrometer" (ion pairs/µm³) or "ion pairs per cubic millimeter" (ion pairs/mm³). This unit represents the average number of ion pairs produced within a volume of one cubic micrometer or one cubic millimeter."
+ ionisation cluster size
+ ionization cluster size
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A measure of the spatial extent or size of the ionized region created by the passage of radiation through a medium. It measures the number of ion pairs that are produced within a localized volume or track of the radiation particle.
+ In the case of ionization cluster size per unit length, the common unit is "ion pairs per micrometer" (ion pairs/µm) or "ion pairs per millimeter" (ion pairs/mm). This unit represents the average number of ion pairs produced within a length of one micrometer or one millimeter along the path of the ionizing particle. For ionization cluster size per unit volume, the unit may be "ion pairs per cubic micrometer" (ion pairs/µm³) or "ion pairs per cubic millimeter" (ion pairs/mm³). This unit represents the average number of ion pairs produced within a volume of one cubic micrometer or one cubic millimeter."
+ ionisation cluster size measurement datum
+ ionization cluster size measurement datum
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The particle track penumbra is the region where secondary electrons released by the primary particle, transitioning a medium, are the exclusive agents of energy deposition due to multiple scattering and energy loss of the charged particles as they interact with the atoms and molecules of the medium." Makes sense to define this a s a spatial region ( BFO:000006) as it has extent that can be measured but is a concept rather than a material entity.
+ Heavy nuclei of the primary galactic radiation in space can have the same linear energy transfer yet greatly different lateral distribution patterns of the energy in the microstructure of tissue. Track structure thus presents itself as a new dosimetric parameter for HZE particles which is at present incompletely understood in its radiobiological significance. The theory of track structure distinguishes two regions: core and penumbra. The core is a narrow region with a radius far below 1 micron in tissue where energy deposition occurs mainly through excitations and collective oscillations of electrons. Energy density in the core accounts for slightly more than half the total LET. The penumbra surrounding the core extends laterally several to many microns depending on the energy of the primary. Energy density in the penumbra decreases steeply with the square of increasing radius. The relationships are illustrated with nuclear emulsion micrographs and plots of energy density profiles. The implications of the findings for a dosimetric system for HZE particles are discussed. See Chatterjee, A., Schaefer, H.J. ( 1976) Rad Env Biophys 13, 215-227 https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19750020623/downloads/19750020623.pdf
+ particle track penumbra
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ In the theory of particle track structure, the narrow central zone with a radius in matter far below 1 micron where energy deposition occurs mainly in processes of ionisation, excitation and collective oscillation of the atoms of the medium related to the passage of the primary particle.
+ particle track core
+
+
+
+
@@ -4376,7 +4424,7 @@ Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fati
An assay of the pattern (frequency and spatial distribution) of ionization events produced by energy deposition in time and space in a substance characterized by linear dimensions of the order of 1-100 nanometers
- See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006.
+ See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006.
Usually a track structure assay at nm scale
nanodosimetry assay
@@ -4388,7 +4436,7 @@ Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fati
An assay of the pattern (frequency and spatial distribution) of ionization events produced by energy deposition in time and space in a substance characterized by linear dimensions of the order of 1-100 micrometers
- See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006.
+ See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006.
Usually a track structure assay at micrometre scale
microdosimetry assay
@@ -4873,7 +4921,7 @@ Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fati
- The geomagnetosphere is the region of space surrounding Earth where the dominant magnetic field is the magnetic field of Earth, rather than the magnetic field of interplanetary space. The geomagnetosphere is formed by the interaction of the solar wind with Earth�s magnetic field.
+ The geomagnetosphere is the region of space surrounding Earth where the dominant magnetic field is the magnetic field of Earth, rather than the magnetic field of interplanetary space. The geomagnetosphere is formed by the interaction of the solar wind with Earth’s magnetic field.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670
https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/earths-magnetosphere
geomagnetosphere
@@ -4961,10 +5009,10 @@ Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fati
- A senolytic is a type of drug or compound that selectively induces the death, removal or both of senescent cells�cells that have stopped dividing but often remain metabolically active, often secreting inflammatory and harmful molecules. These cells accumulate with age and contribute to aging-related diseases, chronic inflammation, and tissue dysfunction.
+ A senolytic is a type of drug or compound that selectively induces the death, removal or both of senescent cells—cells that have stopped dividing but often remain metabolically active, often secreting inflammatory and harmful molecules. These cells accumulate with age and contribute to aging-related diseases, chronic inflammation, and tissue dysfunction.
Senolytics work by targeting specific survival pathways that senescent cells rely on, such as the BCL-2 family proteins, PI3K/AKT pathway, or p53-related mechanisms. By eliminating these cells, senolytics have shown potential in improving tissue function, delaying age-related diseases, and enhancing healthspan in preclinical studies.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263,https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670
- See: Lelarge, V., Capelle, R., Oger, F. et al. Senolytics: from pharmacological inhibitors to immunotherapies, a promising future for patients� treatment. npj Aging 10, 12 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-024-00138-4
+ See: Lelarge, V., Capelle, R., Oger, F. et al. Senolytics: from pharmacological inhibitors to immunotherapies, a promising future for patients’ treatment. npj Aging 10, 12 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-024-00138-4
senolytic
diff --git a/src/ontology/reports/basic-report.tsv b/src/ontology/reports/basic-report.tsv
index 419a257..bd54d68 100644
--- a/src/ontology/reports/basic-report.tsv
+++ b/src/ontology/reports/basic-report.tsv
@@ -332,7 +332,6 @@
"Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small intestine smooth muscle contraction."
"Any muscle organ that is part of a cloaca."
- "A serious human disease that occurs when the entire body (or a large portion of it) is exposed to a high dose of penetrating radiation�typically more than 1 Gray (Gy)�over a short period (minutes to hours).\nKey features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fatigue. Latent Phase (hours to weeks): Apparent improvement or absence of symptoms. Manifest Illness Phase: Depending on dose, damage to rapidly dividing cells leads to one or more syndromes: Hematopoietic syndrome (1�10 Gy): Bone marrow failure, infection, bleeding. Gastrointestinal syndrome (5�20 Gy): Severe GI tract damage, fluid loss, sepsis. Neurovascular syndrome (?20 Gy): Neurological impairment, confusion, convulsions; usually fatal within days. Recovery or Death: If dose is survivable and supportive care is provided, recovery can occur over weeks to months; higher doses carry a poor prognosis."
"A submucosa that is part of a cystic duct [Automatically generated definition]." "FMA:18013"
"A cell found in the bone marrow. This can include fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells." "MESH:D001854 FMA:83621 BTO:0004850"
"A substance unit equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a mole or 10^[-9] mol."
@@ -555,7 +554,7 @@
"The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the His-Purkinje system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The His-Purkinje system receives signals from the AV node and is composed of the fibers that regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles."
"A stable isotope of selenium with relative atomic mass 81.91670, 8.82 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 0." "PMID:31386478 PMID:33576665 PMID:16028633 Chemspider:4892236 CAS:14687-58-2 PMID:31951429 PMID:18781022 PMID:6337549 PMID:30881205 PMID:23575454 PMID:29932707 PMID:22258472 PMID:21139275"
"PO_GIT:466"
- "The part of the biliary tree formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct." "galen:CommonBileDuct UMLS:C0009437 EMAPA:17201 http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362199009 MESH:D003135 NCIT:C12698 TAO:0005165 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0009437 ZFA:0005165 GAID:282 EHDAA2:0000303 MA:0001631 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_bile_duct VHOG:0000214 FMA:14667 EHDAA:3981"
+ "The part of the biliary tree formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct." "galen:CommonBileDuct UMLS:C0009437 EMAPA:17201 http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362199009 MESH:D003135 TAO:0005165 NCIT:C12698 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0009437 ZFA:0005165 GAID:282 EHDAA2:0000303 MA:0001631 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_bile_duct VHOG:0000214 FMA:14667 EHDAA:3981"
"A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof which causes the development of a pathological process."
"Any meiotic cell cycle process that is involved in oocyte maturation."
"A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a trabecula carnea [Automatically generated definition]." "MA:0002833 FMA:84428 EMAPA:36573"
@@ -607,7 +606,6 @@
"Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing to cell differentiation. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history."
"The dorsal region of the optic cup that gives rise to the dorsal part of the retina."
"Anatomical cluster consisting of the hematopoietic system and the lymphoid system, or its analogs." "FMA:74562 EMAPA:18765 EHDAA2:0004615 CALOHA:TS-2018 MA:0000013"
- "The radiation environment consisting of the water at the surface of the Earth, including all of Earth�s water: oceans and seas, lakes and rivers (freshwater), groundwater, and atmospheric water. Some frameworks treat the cryosphere (ice, snow, glaciers) as a sub-part of the hydrosphere. Radiation in water consists of particles originating in space which are sufficiently energetic and/or weakly interacting with the Earth's magnetic field and atmosphere to reach the surface; particles produced by interactions of space radiation with the Earth's atmosphere; decays of naturally occurring radioactive elements dissolved or suspended in water, those on the substrate where there is body of water and from the subsurface. This includes anthropogenic radiation carried in water by means of direct discharges, precipitation and other transfer routes. The composition and strength of the radiation in water at a given point on the Earth's surface depends on factors including underlying geology, water chemistry and elemental composition, and the temporal variation in incident space radiation, e.g. with solar cycle."
"Any process that modulates the rate or extent of striated muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death."
@@ -765,6 +763,7 @@
"The pulmonary artery that supplies the left lung." "NCIT:C32971 MA:0002032 FMA:50873 http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244234004 galen:LeftPulmonaryArtery http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left_pulmonary_artery EMAPA:37097 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0923925 UMLS:C0923925"
+ "In the theory of particle track structure, the narrow central zone with a radius in matter far below 1 micron where energy deposition occurs mainly in processes of ionisation, excitation and collective oscillation of the atoms of the medium related to the passage of the primary particle."
"Mesenchyme that develops_from a trunk neural crest." "ZFA:0000999 EMAPA:16182 TAO:0000999 EHDAA2:0002093"
"SWEETRealm:Wood LTER:637 EcoLexicon:wood https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood"
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital"
@@ -1325,7 +1324,7 @@
"Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism."
- "The inner serous membrane of the pulmonary pleural. The visceral pleura lines the lungs." "EMAPA:16777 EHDAA2:0002205 NCIT:C33881 UMLS:C0225776 http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361997008 VHOG:0001496 FMA:9734 MA:0002489 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0225776"
+ "The inner serous membrane of the pulmonary pleural. The visceral pleura lines the lungs." "EMAPA:16777 EHDAA2:0002205 NCIT:C33881 http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361997008 UMLS:C0225776 VHOG:0001496 FMA:9734 MA:0002489 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0225776"
"GC_ID:1"
"The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides, polymers of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically, as carried out by individual cells."
"Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipid binding."
@@ -1366,7 +1365,7 @@
"Common chamber into which the intestines and excretory system opens. Arises during development in all vertebrates, but in many it becomes subdivided, lost or incorporated into other structures." "MESH:D002988 ZFA:0005781 http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362857006 http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/370631000 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0008987 XAO:0000244 GAID:1206 VHOG:0001186 UMLS:C0008987 AAO:0000095 NCIT:C34127 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloaca"
"A portion of the large intestine before it becomes the rectum. In mammals, the colon is the most part of the large intestine, excluding the vermiform appendix, the rectum and the anal canal." "FMA:14543 BTO:0000269 EMAPA:18939 galen:Colon CALOHA:TS-0158 MESH:D003106 VHOG:0000648 ZFA:0000706 NCIT:C12382 UMLS:C0009368 MA:0000335 http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/302508007 TAO:0000706 AAO:0010400 XAO:0000243 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colon_(anatomy) MAP:0000001 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0009368 GAID:309 MAT:0000526 EFO:0000361 EV:0100079"
- "A cardiac atrium that is in the right side of the heart. It receives deoxygenated blood. In mammals, this comes from the superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus, and pumps it into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve." "UMLS:C0225844 FMA:7096 EHDAA2:0000290 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0225844 VHOG:0000328 NCIT:C12868 EMAPA:17321 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_atrium galen:RightAtrium XAO:0003192 MA:0000075 BTO:0001703 AAO:0010248 http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244383003"
+ "A cardiac atrium that is in the right side of the heart. It receives deoxygenated blood. In mammals, this comes from the superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus, and pumps it into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve." "UMLS:C0225844 FMA:7096 EHDAA2:0000290 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0225844 VHOG:0000328 NCIT:C12868 EMAPA:17321 galen:RightAtrium http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_atrium XAO:0003192 MA:0000075 BTO:0001703 AAO:0010248 http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244383003"
"Any of the organs or elements that are part of the digestive system. Examples: tongue, esophagus, spleen, crop, lunge feeding organ, tooth elements." "http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/272627002 EMAPA:37843"
"The directed movement of a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore."
@@ -1441,7 +1440,7 @@
"A fourteen-membered heterodetic cyclic peptide comprising the sequence Ala-Gly-Cys-Lys-Asn-Phe-Phe-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Cys cyclised by a disulfide bridge between the two Cys residues at positions 3 and 14." "PMID:22147011 Drug_Central:2997 LINCS:LSM-5326 Wikipedia:Somatostatin KEGG:D07431 Reaxys:10148626 KEGG:C16022 CAS:38916-34-6 PMID:21922516 PMID:22483686 PMID:22129035 PMID:22251942 PMID:22509294 HMDB:HMDB0013072"
"A muscle layer that is part of a large intestine." "NCIT:C32927 UMLS:C0734205 FMA:14971 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0734205"
- "An epithelium that is part of a lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]." "VHOG:0000802 EHDAA:7999 EMAPA:35516 EHDAA2:0001019"
+ "An epithelium that is part of a lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]." "EHDAA2:0001019 VHOG:0000802 EHDAA:7999 EMAPA:35516"
"An amino acid chain that is canonically produced de novo by ribosome-mediated translation of a genetically-encoded mRNA, and any derivatives thereof."
"The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte lineage."
@@ -1594,7 +1593,7 @@
"A particle which 1) is composed primarily of hydrous aluminium phyllosilicate minerals, in turn composed of aluminium and silicon ions bonded into tiny, thin plates by interconnecting oxygen and hydroxide ions, and 2) is or was part of a portion of clay."@en
"A specialized extracellular matrix that surrounds the plasma membrane of the ovum of animals. The egg coat provides structural support and can play an essential role in oogenesis, fertilization and early development."
"Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix assembly."
- "A muscle organ that consists of skeletal muscle tissue ensheathed in epimysium, that develops from myotome and that is innervated by some somatic motor neuron. Skeletal muscles are typically attached (via a tendon) to a bone but there are exceptions (e.g. intrinsic tongue muscles)." "EHDAA:5978 EHDAA:5035 EHDAA:5043 TAO:0005277 EV:0100377 VHOG:0000319 EFO:0000888 MESH:D018482 GAID:141 AAO:0011099 MIAA:0000302 EMAPA:35988 CALOHA:TS-0933 XAO:0000174 BTO:0001103 ZFA:0005277 MA:0003148 EHDAA:5984 MAT:0000302"
+ "A muscle organ that consists of skeletal muscle tissue ensheathed in epimysium, that develops from myotome and that is innervated by some somatic motor neuron. Skeletal muscles are typically attached (via a tendon) to a bone but there are exceptions (e.g. intrinsic tongue muscles)." "EHDAA:5978 EHDAA:5035 EHDAA:5043 TAO:0005277 EV:0100377 VHOG:0000319 EFO:0000888 MESH:D018482 GAID:141 MIAA:0000302 AAO:0011099 EMAPA:35988 CALOHA:TS-0933 XAO:0000174 BTO:0001103 ZFA:0005277 MA:0003148 EHDAA:5984 MAT:0000302"
"Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cilium."
"Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to microtubule."
"PMID:9727836 PMID:11557979 GC_ID:1"
@@ -1891,7 +1890,7 @@
"The increase in heart capillaries that accompanies physiological hypertrophy of cardiac muscle."
"The outermost solid or liquid area of a planet"
"One of the two photoreceptor cell types in the vertebrate retina. In cones the photopigment is in invaginations of the cell membrane of the outer segment. Cones are less sensitive to light than rods, but they provide vision with higher spatial and temporal acuity, and the combination of signals from cones with different pigments allows color vision." "CALOHA:TS-0866 BTO:0001036 FMA:67748"
- "The part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells[GO]." "EMAPA:17171 EHDAA:4763 EHDAA2:0001253 AAO:0011095 MA:0000277 TAO:0000046 VHOG:0000535 FMA:58628 CALOHA:TS-0685 XAO:0003216 NCIT:C33166 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1518263 EMAPA:18590 BTO:0000929 ZFA:0000046 UMLS:C1518263"
+ "The part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells[GO]." "UMLS:C1518263 EMAPA:17171 EHDAA:4763 EHDAA2:0001253 AAO:0011095 MA:0000277 TAO:0000046 VHOG:0000535 FMA:58628 CALOHA:TS-0685 XAO:0003216 NCIT:C33166 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1518263 EMAPA:18590 BTO:0000929 ZFA:0000046"
"A carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of at least one OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid."
"Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore."
"A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of lung cancer following the rules of the TNM American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) version 7 classification system as they pertain to staging of the primary tumor. TNM pathologic primary tumor findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery."
@@ -2008,6 +2007,7 @@
"Atomic nuclei, variously defined as having atomic number 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 and kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means"
"A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the trigeminal nerve to attain its fully functional state. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae."
+ "A serious human disease that occurs when the entire body (or a large portion of it) is exposed to a high dose of penetrating radiation—typically more than 1 Gray (Gy)—over a short period (minutes to hours).Key features: Prodromal Phase (hours to days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fatigue. Latent Phase (hours to weeks): Apparent improvement or absence of symptoms. Manifest Illness Phase: Depending on dose, damage to rapidly dividing cells leads to one or more syndromes: Hematopoietic syndrome (1–10 Gy): Bone marrow failure, infection, bleeding. Gastrointestinal syndrome (5–20 Gy): Severe GI tract damage, fluid loss, sepsis. Neurovascular syndrome (≥20 Gy): Neurological impairment, confusion, convulsions; usually fatal within days. Recovery or Death: If dose is survivable and supportive care is provided, recovery can occur over weeks to months; higher doses carry a poor prognosis."
"Energy possessed by an object because of its position relative to other objects, stresses within itself, its electric charge, or other factors."@en
"WebElements:S KEGG:C00087 KEGG:D06527 CAS:7704-34-9 PPDB:605"
"Movement of organelles or other particles along actin filaments, or sliding of actin filaments past each other, mediated by motor proteins."
@@ -2109,7 +2109,7 @@
"A mixed forest which is subject to tropical climatic conditions."
"The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup[GO]. Portion of tissue that is comprised of neuroepitheium which has pinched off from the anterior neural keel and will form the optic cup[ZFA]." "NCIT:C34236 FMA:293357 http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362864008 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0231106 TAO:0000050 UMLS:C0231106 EMAPA:16540 XAO:0000228 ZFA:0000050 AAO:0011039 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_vesicles VHOG:0000165 EHDAA2:0001320"
"Rostral segment of the hindbrain that has as its parts the pons (where present) and the cerebellum[WP,modified]." "EMAPA:17071 UMLS:C1516904 EHDAA2:0001149 BIRNLEX:965 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0376353 NCIT:C32741 DHBA:10655 HBA:4833 UMLS:C0376353 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metencephalon MA:0000197 MESH:D020540 neuronames:543 BAMS:Met FMA:62003 BTO:0000673 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1516904 VHOG:0000741 EHDAA:5498 CALOHA:TS-2029 GAID:594"
- "A vertebra that is located in the cervical region of the vertebral column." "MA:0000311 XAO:0003076 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_vertebrae MESH:D002574 galen:CervicalVertebra NCIT:C12693 FMA:9915 EMAPA:17674 http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181820005 GAID:235"
+ "A vertebra that is located in the cervical region of the vertebral column." "XAO:0003076 MA:0000311 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_vertebrae MESH:D002574 galen:CervicalVertebra NCIT:C12693 FMA:9915 EMAPA:17674 http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181820005 GAID:235"
"The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development."
"A sclerophyllous forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns."
@@ -2140,7 +2140,7 @@
"Organism at the cleavage stage." "BILA:0000058"
"The deposition or aggregation of coloring matter in a cell."
"Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium."
- "A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become dermal cells." "AEO:0001017 EHDAA:1719 UMLS:C0180383 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0180383 AAO:0011028 EHDAA:1731 EHDAA:1737 EHDAA:1725 NCIT:C61572 XAO:0000220 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermatome_(embryology) EMAPA:32838 FMA:295656 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003428"
+ "A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become dermal cells." "AEO:0001017 EHDAA:1719 UMLS:C0180383 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0180383 EHDAA:1731 AAO:0011028 EHDAA:1737 EHDAA:1725 NCIT:C61572 XAO:0000220 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermatome_(embryology) EMAPA:32838 FMA:295656 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003428"
"A myeloid leukemia that is characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal white blood cells that accumulate in the bone marrow and interfere with the production of normal blood cells." "KEGG:05221 MESH:D015470 ICDO:9861/3 ICD9CM:205.0 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:91861009 UMLS_CUI:C0023467 NCI:C3171 OMIM:601626 GARD:12757 ICD10CM:C92.0"
"A facility located below the earth's surface in order to minimize natural background radiation"
"A piece of apparatus that is used to measure a physical quantity."
@@ -2183,6 +2183,7 @@
"A process during which an aerosol, consisting of droplets of liquid suspended in gas, is formed in an atmosphere."
"Any fibroblast that is part of a cardiac ventricle."
"A non-polarised cell precursor cell that is part of some mesenchyme, is associated with the cell matrix but is not connected to other cells and is capable of migration."
+ "The ionization cluster size is a measure of the spatial extent or size of the ionized region created by the passage of radiation through a medium. It measures the number of ion pairs that are produced within a localized volume or track of the radiation particle."
"An ionic polymer is a polymer, composed of ionic macromolecules."
"A hydrological process in which irregular aggregates of snow fall to the surface of an astronomical body." "http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoPrecipitation/Snowfall"
"Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level."
@@ -2224,7 +2225,7 @@
"Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole metabolic process."
"Binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2."
"Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration."
- "A multi-organ-part structure that consists of three vessels of the portal lobule including the bile duct, a terminal branch of the hepatic artery and portal vein, and may also include a lymphatic vessel." "MA:0002499 NCIT:C33342 FMA:17523 http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362192000 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227514 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal_triad UMLS:C0227514"
+ "A multi-organ-part structure that consists of three vessels of the portal lobule including the bile duct, a terminal branch of the hepatic artery and portal vein, and may also include a lymphatic vessel." "MA:0002499 NCIT:C33342 http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362192000 FMA:17523 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227514 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal_triad UMLS:C0227514"
"The stage of being a sexually mature adult animal." "OGES:000027 XAO:1000093 BILS:0000113 ZFS:0000044 OGES:000026 EV:0300064 MmusDv:0000110 EV:0300070 MIAA:0000403"
"A caudal vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation." "EMAPA:18045"
"A cell that specializes in controlled release of one or more substances." "FMA:86916 BTO:0003659"
@@ -2347,7 +2348,7 @@
"The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids."
"Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle."
"Any apoptotic process in a motor neuron, an efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement."
- "Enables the transfer of a protein from one side of a membrane to the other." "Reactome:R-HSA-184269 Reactome:R-HSA-9698930 Reactome:R-HSA-1299475 Reactome:R-HSA-5244404 Reactome:R-HSA-9636375 Reactome:R-HSA-5336420 Reactome:R-HSA-5244428 Reactome:R-HSA-5250616 Reactome:R-HSA-5246514 Reactome:R-HSA-5205661 Reactome:R-HSA-5250884 Reactome:R-HSA-5210943 Reactome:R-HSA-5250972 Reactome:R-HSA-5210947 Reactome:R-HSA-5229111 Reactome:R-HSA-3149434 Reactome:R-HSA-5228406 Reactome:R-HSA-5244506 Reactome:R-HSA-9698933 Reactome:R-HSA-1268022"
+ "Enables the transfer of a protein from one side of a membrane to the other." "Reactome:R-HSA-184269 Reactome:R-HSA-9698930 Reactome:R-HSA-1299475 Reactome:R-HSA-5244404 Reactome:R-HSA-9636375 Reactome:R-HSA-5244428 Reactome:R-HSA-5336420 Reactome:R-HSA-5250616 Reactome:R-HSA-5246514 Reactome:R-HSA-5205661 Reactome:R-HSA-5250884 Reactome:R-HSA-5210943 Reactome:R-HSA-5250972 Reactome:R-HSA-5210947 Reactome:R-HSA-5229111 Reactome:R-HSA-3149434 Reactome:R-HSA-5228406 Reactome:R-HSA-5244506 Reactome:R-HSA-9698933 Reactome:R-HSA-1268022"
@@ -2464,7 +2465,7 @@
"A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having an empty space or cavity within."
"Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates."
"Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to chromatin."
- "Portion of tissue composed of mesenchymal cells (motile cells that develop from epthelia via an epithelial to mesenchymal transition) and surrounding extracellular material. Mesenchyme has different embryological origins in different metazoan taxa - in many invertebrates it derives in whole or part from ectoderm. In vertebrates it derives largely from mesoderm, and sometimes the terms are used interchangeably, e.g. lateral plate mesoderm/mesenchyme." "NCIT:C13301 CALOHA:TS-0620 UMLS:C0162415 VHOG:0000170 EHDAA2:0003145 EV:0100007 ZFA:0000393 AAO:0010427 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesenchyme AEO:0000145 BTO:0001393 XAO:0003046 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0162415 TAO:0000393"
+ "Portion of tissue composed of mesenchymal cells (motile cells that develop from epthelia via an epithelial to mesenchymal transition) and surrounding extracellular material. Mesenchyme has different embryological origins in different metazoan taxa - in many invertebrates it derives in whole or part from ectoderm. In vertebrates it derives largely from mesoderm, and sometimes the terms are used interchangeably, e.g. lateral plate mesoderm/mesenchyme." "NCIT:C13301 CALOHA:TS-0620 UMLS:C0162415 VHOG:0000170 EHDAA2:0003145 EV:0100007 ZFA:0000393 AAO:0010427 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesenchyme AEO:0000145 BTO:0001393 XAO:0003046 TAO:0000393 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0162415"
"The process that gives rise to the axial mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts."
@@ -2651,7 +2652,7 @@
"A vertebra in the trunk or cervical region. Includes all cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, but excludes caudal vertebra." "XAO:0003077 EMAPA:37722 MA:0002869"
"The hyaline cartilaginous structures that support the bronchi, present as irregular rings in the larger bronchi (and not as regular as in the trachea), and as small plates and islands in the smaller bronchi; as the branching continues through the bronchial tree, the amount of hyaline cartilage in the walls decreases until it is absent in the smallest bronchioles[MP]." "UMLS:C0225604 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0225604 FMA:62649 EMAPA:35192 NCIT:C49209 http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/278980009 MA:0001835"
"Study of the efficacy, outcomes and adverse consequences of exposure to therapeutic use of ionizing and nonionizing radiation including RADIONUCLIDE THERAPY, therapeutic radiation with visible, laser, or ultraviolet light. Includes technical development of protocols and equipment."
- "The polygonal structure of the liver that consists of hepatocytes radiating outward from a hepatic vein." "UMLS:C0227518 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227518 NCIT:C32732 http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362194004 MA:0002494 EMAPA:35499 FMA:14471 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobules_of_liver"
+ "The polygonal structure of the liver that consists of hepatocytes radiating outward from a hepatic vein." "UMLS:C0227518 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227518 NCIT:C32732 MA:0002494 http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362194004 EMAPA:35499 FMA:14471 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobules_of_liver"
"A completely man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Am, and atomic number 95. Its valence can range from +3 to +6. Because of its nonmagnetic ground state, it is an excellent superconductor. It is also used in bone mineral analysis and as a radiation source for radiotherapy"
"An aircraft which flies at altitudes greater than commercial aircraft altitudes for research purposes."
"Any process in which a macromolecule is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location."
@@ -2866,7 +2867,6 @@
"Any apoptotic process in a fat cell."
"Multi-tissue structure that arises from the heart rudiment and will become the heart tube." "EHDAA2:0001512 FMA:321916 ZFA:0000149 EHDAA:424 http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361522004 EMAPA:16215 TAO:0000149 EHDAA:436 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive_heart_tube"
"A major stable isotope of strontium with relative atomic mass 87.90561 and 82.58 atom percent natural abundance." "PMID:27829691 PMID:6337617 PMID:11893161 PMID:32350478 PMID:33328666 CAS:14119-10-9 PMID:33834832"
- "Nuclear reactors primarily used to produce neutrons for the study of materials at the atomic level, the biological effects of radiation, the production of radioisotopes for medicine, industry and research, and the imaging of objects� internal structure."
"A region (or regions) that includes all of the sequence elements necessary to encode a functional transcript. A gene may include regulatory regions, transcribed regions and/or other functional sequence regions." "SNOMEDCT:67271001 NCIt:C16612"
"A microtubule-based process that results in the transport of proteins."
"A hematopoietic progenitor cell that is capable of developing into only one lineage of hematopoietic cells."
@@ -2931,7 +2931,7 @@
"The disaggregation of a protein-containing macromolecular complex into its constituent components."
"Hepatic serous coat; peritoneal covering of the liver, enclosing almost all except for a triangular area on its posterior surface (the 'bare area of the liver') and a smaller area where the liver and gallbladder are in direct contact."
"Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens)."
- "A tube extending from the mouth to the anus." "BILA:0000083 VHOG:0000309 BTO:0000545 EMAPA:16247 ZFA:0000112 NCIT:C34082 FBbt:00003125 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0017189 UMLS:C0017189 AAO:0010023 BTO:0000511 TAO:0000112 EHDAA:518 galen:AlimentaryTract WBbt:0005743 EHDAA2:0000726 TGMA:0001819 MA:0000917 FMA:45615"
+ "A tube extending from the mouth to the anus." "FMA:45615 BILA:0000083 VHOG:0000309 BTO:0000545 EMAPA:16247 ZFA:0000112 NCIT:C34082 FBbt:00003125 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0017189 UMLS:C0017189 AAO:0010023 BTO:0000511 TAO:0000112 EHDAA:518 galen:AlimentaryTract WBbt:0005743 EHDAA2:0000726 TGMA:0001819 MA:0000917"
"Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translational termination."
"A biological tissue mass, most commonly a mass of nerve cell bodies." "MIAA:0000343 ZFA:0000190 FMA:5884 EHDAA:5621 AEO:0000135 EFO:0000899 EHDAA:918 EHDAA:2897 TGMA:0001016 MESH:D005724 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0017067 MAT:0000207 WBbt:0005189 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglion VHOG:0000156 EHDAA2:0003135 NCIT:C12719 EMAPA:32846 BTO:0000497 MIAA:0000207 UMLS:C0017067 NLXANAT:100302 XAO:0000209 BAMS:G EHDAA:4662 CALOHA:TS-0397 TAO:0000190 MA:0002406 AAO:0010426 MAT:0000343 EV:0100372"
"A smooth muscle cell that is located in the anorectum."
@@ -3225,7 +3225,7 @@
"A categorical value specification that is an assessment of the stage of a cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) v7 staging systems."
"A categorical value specification that is an assessment of the stage of a cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) v7 staging systems."@en
"A planned process with the objective to graphically represent some data by inputing the data and outputting images, diagrams or animations."@en
- "The axial mesoderm includes the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. It gives rise to the prechordal plate and to the notochord." "VHOG:0000107 AAO:0011017 EFO:0003647 TAO:0001204 XAO:0000205 ZFA:0001204 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordamesoderm"
+ "The axial mesoderm includes the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. It gives rise to the prechordal plate and to the notochord." "AAO:0011017 EFO:0003647 TAO:0001204 XAO:0000205 ZFA:0001204 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordamesoderm VHOG:0000107"
"Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. Examples: simple squamous epithelium, glandular cuboidal epithelium, transitional epithelium, myoepithelium[CARO]." "BILA:0000066 FMA:9639 EMAPA:32738 BTO:0000416 UMLS:C0014609 HAO:0000066 XAO:0003045 CALOHA:TS-0288 TAO:0001486 FBbt:00007005 VHOG:0000387 MESH:D004848 CARO:0000066 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epithelium NCIT:C12710 GAID:402 http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/31610004 AEO:0000066 AAO:0000144 EHDAA2:0003066 ZFA:0001486 AAO:0010055 MA:0003060 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0014609"
"The cytoplasm of an ovum."
"Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis."
@@ -3418,7 +3418,7 @@
"A cell derived from the specialized ectoderm flanking each side of the embryonic neural plate, which after the closure of the neural tube, forms masses of cells that migrate out from the dorsal aspect of the neural tube to spread throughout the body." "FMA:86667"
"Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluronan biosynthetic process."
"Epithelium lining the exocrine pancreas." "CALOHA:TS-2108"
- "An artery that supplies an ovary." "http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244280002 UMLS:C0226411 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226411 EMAPA:18620 NCIT:C33242 FMA:14761 MA:0002012 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovarian_artery"
+ "An artery that supplies an ovary." "UMLS:C0226411 http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244280002 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226411 EMAPA:18620 NCIT:C33242 FMA:14761 MA:0002012 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovarian_artery"
"A passive radon dosimeter in which a small plastic film or polycarbonate chip is exposed to radon gas. When radon decays, it emits alpha particles that leave microscopic tracks on the film. After exposure, the film is chemically etched to reveal the tracks, which are counted under a microscope to determine radon levels."
"Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of lipid transporter activity."
"Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions."
@@ -3979,7 +3979,6 @@
"Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane." "Wikipedia:Vesicle_(biology) NIF_Subcellular:sao221389602"
"Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any cellular process that depends upon or alters the actin cytoskeleton."
"The lower segment of the trunk, inferioposterior to the abdomen proper, in the transition area between the trunk and the lower limbs." "EMAPA:35931 GAID:87 CALOHA:TS-2227 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0030797 galen:Pelvis UMLS:C0030797 EFO:0002805 NCIT:C12767 EV:0100012 FMA:9578 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelvis http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/229765004 MESH:D010388 BTO:0001006 MA:0000030"
- "A passive radon dosimeter in which a container filled with activated charcoal absorbs radon from the air. After exposure (typically 2�7 days), the canister is sealed and sent to a lab for gamma spectroscopy, which measures radon decay products."
"A cellular process in which two or more cells combine together, their plasma membrane fusing, producing a single cell. In some cases, nuclei fuse, producing a polyploid cell, while in other cases, nuclei remain separate, producing a syncytium."
"Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids."
"The process in which the structures of a photoreceptor cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, a sensory cell that reacts to the presence of light. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster."
@@ -4169,6 +4168,7 @@
"A part of a multicellular organism that is a collection of cell components that are not all contained in one cell."@en
"A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being marked by narrow lines or grooves, usually parallel."
"A region of muscle in many organs in the vertebrate body, adjacent to the submucosa membrane. It is responsible for gut movement such as peristalsis." "http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/86915006 UMLS:C0225358 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscular_layer BTO:0004838 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0225358"
+ "Nuclear reactors primarily used to produce neutrons for the study of materials at the atomic level, the biological effects of radiation, the production of radioisotopes for medicine, industry and research, and the imaging of objects’ internal structure."
"The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues." "MetaCyc:GLYCOGENSYNTH-PWY"
"GC_ID:1"
"The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure." "Wikipedia:Histogenesis"
@@ -4284,8 +4284,7 @@
"SWEETRealm:Canopy LTER:82 EcoLexicon:canopy"
"Luminal space of the left ventricle of the heart." "EMAPA:26038 FMA:9466"
- "One of the skeletal muscles of the head and neck, spine, and ribs." "MA:0003153 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000160 TAO:0001954 EMAPA:18167 EHDAA:5982"
- "A senolytic is a type of drug or compound that selectively induces the death, removal or both of senescent cells�cells that have stopped dividing but often remain metabolically active, often secreting inflammatory and harmful molecules. These cells accumulate with age and contribute to aging-related diseases, chronic inflammation, and tissue dysfunction. "
+ "One of the skeletal muscles of the head and neck, spine, and ribs." "MA:0003153 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000160 EMAPA:18167 TAO:0001954 EHDAA:5982"
"In general, a mineral is a chemical substance that is normally crystalline formed and has been formed as a result of geological processes. The term also includes metamict substances (naturally occurring, formerly crystalline substances whose crystallinity has been destroyed by ionising radiation) and can include naturally occurring amorphous substances that have never been crystalline ('mineraloids') such as georgite and calciouranoite as well as substances formed by the action of geological processes on bigenic compounds ('biogenic minerals')."
"Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen-containing compound stimulus."
"One of the two nuclear divisions that occur as part of the meiotic cell cycle."
@@ -4309,7 +4308,7 @@
"GC_ID:1"
"A smooth muscle cell of the subclavian artery."
"Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell differentiation."
- "An epithelium that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]." "FMA:17510 VHOG:0001037 MA:0003219 EHDAA2:0001594 EMAPA:17898 CALOHA:TS-2066"
+ "An epithelium that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]." "FMA:17510 VHOG:0001037 MA:0003219 EHDAA2:0001594 CALOHA:TS-2066 EMAPA:17898"
"The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac muscle tissue are generated and organized."
"A synthetic radioactive isotope of chromium having a half-life of 27.7 days and decaying by electron capture with emission of gamma rays (0.32 MeV); it is used to label red blood cells for measurement of mass or volume, survival time, and sequestration studies, for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding, and to label platelets to study their survival." "CAS:14392-02-0"
"A process in which an ion is transported across a membrane."
@@ -4497,7 +4496,7 @@
"A directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take."@en
"Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 6th arch mesenchyme." "EHDAA2:0004078"
"GC_ID:1"
- "A collection of brainstem nuclei that functions in multiple aspects of hearing and is an important component of the ascending and descending auditory pathways of the auditory system." "HBA:9177 VHOG:0001381 UMLS:C0175427 neuronames:569 EV:0100263 MBA:398 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0175427 MA:0001026 DHBA:12462 BAMS:SOC EMAPA:35840 MESH:D065832 FMA:72247 BIRNLEX:1307 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_olivary_complex"
+ "A collection of brainstem nuclei that functions in multiple aspects of hearing and is an important component of the ascending and descending auditory pathways of the auditory system." "HBA:9177 VHOG:0001381 UMLS:C0175427 neuronames:569 EV:0100263 MBA:398 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0175427 MA:0001026 DHBA:12462 EMAPA:35840 BAMS:SOC MESH:D065832 FMA:72247 BIRNLEX:1307 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_olivary_complex"
"The superior labial artery (superior labial branch of facial artery) is larger and more tortuous than the inferior labial artery. It follows a similar course along the edge of the upper lip, lying between the mucous membrane and the Orbicularis oris, and anastomoses with the artery of the opposite side. It supplies the upper lip, and gives off in its course two or three vessels which ascend to the nose; a septal branch ramifies on the nasal septum as far as the point of the nose, and an alar branch supplies the ala of the nose." "EMAPA:37430 MA:0001917 FMA:49570 http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/145137009 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_labial_artery"
"Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle growth."
@@ -4606,7 +4605,7 @@
"RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002089 EHDAA:924 EMAPA:16663"
"A planned process during which an environmental system is modified to mitigate or nullify the impacts of flooding."
- "Inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into an ectodermal terminal part of the digestive tract." "EMAPA:25038 VHOG:0000139 TAO:0000066 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proctodeum FBbt:00000123 AAO:0011087 EHDAA2:0000121 XAO:0001019 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0231054 ZFA:0000066 UMLS:C0231054 NCIT:C34278"
+ "Inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into an ectodermal terminal part of the digestive tract." "VHOG:0000139 EMAPA:25038 TAO:0000066 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proctodeum FBbt:00000123 AAO:0011087 EHDAA2:0000121 XAO:0001019 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0231054 ZFA:0000066 UMLS:C0231054 NCIT:C34278"
"Any tagma (UBERON:6000002) that is part of some embryo (UBERON:6000052)." "FBbt:00000137"
"An objective specification to transformation input data into output data"@en
"Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of formation of translation initiation ternary complex."
@@ -4686,7 +4685,7 @@
"Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation."
- "Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form." "ZFA:0000279 TAO:0000279 VHOG:0000559 XAO:0000057 EMAPA:16752 AAO:0011086 EMAPA:16189 EFO:0001982"
+ "Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form." "ZFA:0000279 TAO:0000279 VHOG:0000559 XAO:0000057 AAO:0011086 EMAPA:16752 EMAPA:16189 EFO:0001982"
"The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midbrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles)."
"A material entity which 1) is spatially continuous, 2) is composed of material of comparable thickness, composition, and physical properties, and 3) is physically distinct from adjacent portions of environmental material."@en
"An atomic nucleus with 73 protons and 108 neutrons "
@@ -4904,7 +4903,7 @@
"Anatomical entity that comprises the organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant." "BSA:0000039 CALOHA:TS-0229 FMA:69068 GAID:963 BILA:0000056 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003236 OGEM:000001 AAO:0011035 VHOG:0001766 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0013935 ZFA:0000103 MIAA:0000019 MESH:D004622 EMAPA:16039 UMLS:C0013935 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryo BTO:0000379 http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/57991002 FBbt:00000052 EHDAA2:0000002 AEO:0000169 NCIT:C28147 MAT:0000226 EHDAA:38 XAO:0000113 http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Embryonic_organism EFO:0001367"
"A mesentery that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]." "http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/245457004 FMA:14645 EMAPA:18942"
"The increased risk from induced cancer due to exposure when the effects over an entire lifetime are accounted for. Individuals who would have died of cancer anyway but die early because of exposure are not included"
- "A subdivision of the digestive tract that connects the small intestine to the cloaca or anus. Lacks or has few villi[Kardong]." "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_intestine_(anatomy) EFO:0000840 EV:0100077 BTO:0000706 NCIT:C12379 EMAPA:19252 galen:LargeIntestine VHOG:0000054 AAO:0010396 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0021851 GAID:306 FMA:7201 MA:0000333 http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181254001 XAO:0000131 CALOHA:TS-1306 UMLS:C0021851 MESH:D007420 MIAA:0000046"
+ "A subdivision of the digestive tract that connects the small intestine to the cloaca or anus. Lacks or has few villi[Kardong]." "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_intestine_(anatomy) EV:0100077 EFO:0000840 BTO:0000706 NCIT:C12379 EMAPA:19252 galen:LargeIntestine VHOG:0000054 AAO:0010396 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0021851 GAID:306 FMA:7201 MA:0000333 http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181254001 XAO:0000131 CALOHA:TS-1306 UMLS:C0021851 MESH:D007420 MIAA:0000046"
"The directed movement of the nucleus along microtubules within the cell, mediated by motor proteins."
"The creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei." "Wikipedia:Karyogamy"
"The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y."
@@ -4936,6 +4935,7 @@
"An endothelium that is part of a sclera."
"A stage at which the organism is a single cell produced by means of sexual reproduction." "VHOG:0000745 ZFS:0000001 XAO:1000001 FBdv:00005288 EHDAA:27 PdumDv:0000100 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygote NCIT:C12601 BILS:0000106 BilaDO:0000005 EFO:0001322"
"PMID:22982760 GC_ID:1"
+ "The particle track penumbra is the region where secondary electrons released by the primary particle, transitioning a medium, are the exclusive agents of energy deposition due to multiple scattering and energy loss of the charged particles as they interact with the atoms and molecules of the medium.\" Makes sense to define this a s a spatial region ( BFO:000006) as it has extent that can be measured but is a concept rather than a material entity."
"Any collagen timer that is part of a basement membrane."
"A blood vessel of the placenta." "http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280716005"
"A dense accumulation of exocrine glands in the pancreas often surrounding islets of Langerhans." "MA:0000721 EMAPA:37710 FMA:16012"
@@ -5157,7 +5157,7 @@