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Kubernetes: The Infrastructure Finale

SystemCraft's journey started with Docker for isolation, moved to Nginx for reverse proxying, and now concludes with Kubernetes for robust orchestration.

Manifests Structure

  • deployment.yaml: Runs the SystemCraft web app with resource requests and limits.
  • service.yaml: Exposes the app internally with a ClusterIP service.
  • ingress.yaml: Routes external traffic through the Nginx Ingress Controller.
  • hpa.yaml: Adds a Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) so Kubernetes can scale pods based on CPU utilization.

Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA)

The HPA watches the system-craft deployment and adjusts the replica count automatically.

  • Minimum replicas: 3
  • Maximum replicas: 10
  • CPU target: 70% average utilization

This works best when the cluster has the Metrics Server installed, since HPA depends on resource metrics to make scaling decisions.

Deployment Strategy

The CI/CD pipeline in .github/workflows/ci.yml is designed to work with these manifests:

  1. Validation: Every PR can dry-run the manifests to catch syntax issues early.
  2. Build: Docker images are pushed to GitHub Container Registry (GHCR).
  3. Deploy: Changes to main can be rolled out through the Kubernetes manifests.

Local Testing (Minikube/Kind)

To test the manifests locally:

# Create namespace
kubectl create namespace system-craft

# Apply manifests
kubectl apply -f kubernetes/ -n system-craft

# Verify pods
kubectl get pods -n system-craft

# Verify autoscaler
kubectl get hpa -n system-craft

Notes

  • The fixed replica count in deployment.yaml becomes the HPA baseline.
  • If you want HPA to work in a local cluster, install Metrics Server first.
  • CPU-based autoscaling is a solid starting point, but memory or custom metrics can be added later.

This completes the full cycle: Dev -> Containerize -> Proxy -> Orchestrate -> Autoscale.