glossary.pot

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#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:5
msgid "Glossary"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:10
msgid "``>>>``"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:12
msgid "The default Python prompt of the interactive shell.  Often seen for code examples which can be executed interactively in the interpreter."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:14
msgid "``...``"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:16
msgid "The default Python prompt of the interactive shell when entering code for an indented code block, when within a pair of matching left and right delimiters (parentheses, square brackets, curly braces or triple quotes), or after specifying a decorator."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:20
msgid "2to3"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:22
msgid "A tool that tries to convert Python 2.x code to Python 3.x code by handling most of the incompatibilities which can be detected by parsing the source and traversing the parse tree."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:26
msgid "2to3 is available in the standard library as :mod:`lib2to3`; a standalone entry point is provided as :file:`Tools/scripts/2to3`.  See :ref:`2to3-reference`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:29
msgid "abstract base class"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:31
msgid "Abstract base classes complement :term:`duck-typing` by providing a way to define interfaces when other techniques like :func:`hasattr` would be clumsy or subtly wrong (for example with :ref:`magic methods <special-lookup>`).  ABCs introduce virtual subclasses, which are classes that don't inherit from a class but are still recognized by :func:`isinstance` and :func:`issubclass`; see the :mod:`abc` module documentation.  Python comes with many built-in ABCs for data structures (in the :mod:`collections.abc` module), numbers (in the :mod:`numbers` module), streams (in the :mod:`io` module), import finders and loaders (in the :mod:`importlib.abc` module).  You can create your own ABCs with the :mod:`abc` module."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:42
msgid "annotation"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:44
msgid "A label associated with a variable, a class attribute or a function parameter or return value, used by convention as a :term:`type hint`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:48
msgid "Annotations of local variables cannot be accessed at runtime, but annotations of global variables, class attributes, and functions are stored in the :attr:`__annotations__` special attribute of modules, classes, and functions, respectively."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:54
msgid "See :term:`variable annotation`, :term:`function annotation`, :pep:`484` and :pep:`526`, which describe this functionality."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:56
msgid "argument"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:58
msgid "A value passed to a :term:`function` (or :term:`method`) when calling the function.  There are two kinds of argument:"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:61
msgid ":dfn:`keyword argument`: an argument preceded by an identifier (e.g. ``name=``) in a function call or passed as a value in a dictionary preceded by ``**``.  For example, ``3`` and ``5`` are both keyword arguments in the following calls to :func:`complex`::"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:69
msgid ":dfn:`positional argument`: an argument that is not a keyword argument. Positional arguments can appear at the beginning of an argument list and/or be passed as elements of an :term:`iterable` preceded by ``*``. For example, ``3`` and ``5`` are both positional arguments in the following calls::"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:78
msgid "Arguments are assigned to the named local variables in a function body. See the :ref:`calls` section for the rules governing this assignment. Syntactically, any expression can be used to represent an argument; the evaluated value is assigned to the local variable."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:83
msgid "See also the :term:`parameter` glossary entry, the FAQ question on :ref:`the difference between arguments and parameters <faq-argument-vs-parameter>`, and :pep:`362`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:86
msgid "asynchronous context manager"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:88
msgid "An object which controls the environment seen in an :keyword:`async with` statement by defining :meth:`__aenter__` and :meth:`__aexit__` methods.  Introduced by :pep:`492`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:91
msgid "asynchronous generator"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:93
msgid "A function which returns an :term:`asynchronous generator iterator`.  It looks like a coroutine function defined with :keyword:`async def` except that it contains :keyword:`yield` expressions for producing a series of values usable in an :keyword:`async for` loop."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:98
msgid "Usually refers to a asynchronous generator function, but may refer to an *asynchronous generator iterator* in some contexts.  In cases where the intended meaning isn't clear, using the full terms avoids ambiguity."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:102
msgid "An asynchronous generator function may contain :keyword:`await` expressions as well as :keyword:`async for`, and :keyword:`async with` statements."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:105
msgid "asynchronous generator iterator"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:107
msgid "An object created by a :term:`asynchronous generator` function."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:109
msgid "This is an :term:`asynchronous iterator` which when called using the :meth:`__anext__` method returns an awaitable object which will execute that the body of the asynchronous generator function until the next :keyword:`yield` expression."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:114
msgid "Each :keyword:`yield` temporarily suspends processing, remembering the location execution state (including local variables and pending try-statements).  When the *asynchronous generator iterator* effectively resumes with another awaitable returned by :meth:`__anext__`, it picks up where it left off.  See :pep:`492` and :pep:`525`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:119
msgid "asynchronous iterable"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:121
msgid "An object, that can be used in an :keyword:`async for` statement. Must return an :term:`asynchronous iterator` from its :meth:`__aiter__` method.  Introduced by :pep:`492`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:124
msgid "asynchronous iterator"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:126
msgid "An object that implements :meth:`__aiter__` and :meth:`__anext__` methods.  ``__anext__`` must return an :term:`awaitable` object. :keyword:`async for` resolves awaitable returned from asynchronous iterator's :meth:`__anext__` method until it raises :exc:`StopAsyncIteration` exception.  Introduced by :pep:`492`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:131
msgid "attribute"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:133
msgid "A value associated with an object which is referenced by name using dotted expressions.  For example, if an object *o* has an attribute *a* it would be referenced as *o.a*."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:136
msgid "awaitable"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:138
msgid "An object that can be used in an :keyword:`await` expression.  Can be a :term:`coroutine` or an object with an :meth:`__await__` method. See also :pep:`492`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:141
msgid "BDFL"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:143
msgid "Benevolent Dictator For Life, a.k.a. `Guido van Rossum <https://gvanrossum.github.io/>`_, Python's creator."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:145
msgid "binary file"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:147
msgid "A :term:`file object` able to read and write :term:`bytes-like objects <bytes-like object>`. Examples of binary files are files opened in binary mode (``'rb'``, ``'wb'`` or ``'rb+'``), :data:`sys.stdin.buffer`, :data:`sys.stdout.buffer`, and instances of :class:`io.BytesIO` and :class:`gzip.GzipFile`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:154
msgid "See also :term:`text file` for a file object able to read and write :class:`str` objects."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:156
msgid "bytes-like object"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:158
msgid "An object that supports the :ref:`bufferobjects` and can export a C-:term:`contiguous` buffer. This includes all :class:`bytes`, :class:`bytearray`, and :class:`array.array` objects, as well as many common :class:`memoryview` objects.  Bytes-like objects can be used for various operations that work with binary data; these include compression, saving to a binary file, and sending over a socket."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:165
msgid "Some operations need the binary data to be mutable.  The documentation often refers to these as \"read-write bytes-like objects\".  Example mutable buffer objects include :class:`bytearray` and a :class:`memoryview` of a :class:`bytearray`. Other operations require the binary data to be stored in immutable objects (\"read-only bytes-like objects\"); examples of these include :class:`bytes` and a :class:`memoryview` of a :class:`bytes` object."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:173
msgid "bytecode"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:175
msgid "Python source code is compiled into bytecode, the internal representation of a Python program in the CPython interpreter.  The bytecode is also cached in ``.pyc`` files so that executing the same file is faster the second time (recompilation from source to bytecode can be avoided).  This \"intermediate language\" is said to run on a :term:`virtual machine` that executes the machine code corresponding to each bytecode. Do note that bytecodes are not expected to work between different Python virtual machines, nor to be stable between Python releases."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:185
msgid "A list of bytecode instructions can be found in the documentation for :ref:`the dis module <bytecodes>`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:187
msgid "class"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:189
msgid "A template for creating user-defined objects. Class definitions normally contain method definitions which operate on instances of the class."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:192
msgid "class variable"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:194
msgid "A variable defined in a class and intended to be modified only at class level (i.e., not in an instance of the class)."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:196
msgid "coercion"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:198
msgid "The implicit conversion of an instance of one type to another during an operation which involves two arguments of the same type.  For example, ``int(3.15)`` converts the floating point number to the integer ``3``, but in ``3+4.5``, each argument is of a different type (one int, one float), and both must be converted to the same type before they can be added or it will raise a ``TypeError``.  Without coercion, all arguments of even compatible types would have to be normalized to the same value by the programmer, e.g., ``float(3)+4.5`` rather than just ``3+4.5``."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:206
msgid "complex number"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:208
msgid "An extension of the familiar real number system in which all numbers are expressed as a sum of a real part and an imaginary part.  Imaginary numbers are real multiples of the imaginary unit (the square root of ``-1``), often written ``i`` in mathematics or ``j`` in engineering.  Python has built-in support for complex numbers, which are written with this latter notation; the imaginary part is written with a ``j`` suffix, e.g., ``3+1j``.  To get access to complex equivalents of the :mod:`math` module, use :mod:`cmath`.  Use of complex numbers is a fairly advanced mathematical feature.  If you're not aware of a need for them, it's almost certain you can safely ignore them."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:218
msgid "context manager"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:220
msgid "An object which controls the environment seen in a :keyword:`with` statement by defining :meth:`__enter__` and :meth:`__exit__` methods. See :pep:`343`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:223
msgid "contiguous"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:227
msgid "A buffer is considered contiguous exactly if it is either *C-contiguous* or *Fortran contiguous*.  Zero-dimensional buffers are C and Fortran contiguous.  In one-dimensional arrays, the items must be laid out in memory next to each other, in order of increasing indexes starting from zero.  In multidimensional C-contiguous arrays, the last index varies the fastest when visiting items in order of memory address.  However, in Fortran contiguous arrays, the first index varies the fastest."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:235
msgid "coroutine"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:237
msgid "Coroutines is a more generalized form of subroutines. Subroutines are entered at one point and exited at another point.  Coroutines can be entered, exited, and resumed at many different points.  They can be implemented with the :keyword:`async def` statement.  See also :pep:`492`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:242
msgid "coroutine function"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:244
msgid "A function which returns a :term:`coroutine` object.  A coroutine function may be defined with the :keyword:`async def` statement, and may contain :keyword:`await`, :keyword:`async for`, and :keyword:`async with` keywords.  These were introduced by :pep:`492`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:249
msgid "CPython"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:251
msgid "The canonical implementation of the Python programming language, as distributed on `python.org <https://www.python.org>`_.  The term \"CPython\" is used when necessary to distinguish this implementation from others such as Jython or IronPython."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:255
msgid "decorator"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:257
msgid "A function returning another function, usually applied as a function transformation using the ``@wrapper`` syntax.  Common examples for decorators are :func:`classmethod` and :func:`staticmethod`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:261
msgid "The decorator syntax is merely syntactic sugar, the following two function definitions are semantically equivalent::"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:272
msgid "The same concept exists for classes, but is less commonly used there.  See the documentation for :ref:`function definitions <function>` and :ref:`class definitions <class>` for more about decorators."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:275
msgid "descriptor"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:277
msgid "Any object which defines the methods :meth:`__get__`, :meth:`__set__`, or :meth:`__delete__`.  When a class attribute is a descriptor, its special binding behavior is triggered upon attribute lookup.  Normally, using *a.b* to get, set or delete an attribute looks up the object named *b* in the class dictionary for *a*, but if *b* is a descriptor, the respective descriptor method gets called.  Understanding descriptors is a key to a deep understanding of Python because they are the basis for many features including functions, methods, properties, class methods, static methods, and reference to super classes."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:287
msgid "For more information about descriptors' methods, see :ref:`descriptors`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:288
msgid "dictionary"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:290
msgid "An associative array, where arbitrary keys are mapped to values.  The keys can be any object with :meth:`__hash__` and :meth:`__eq__` methods. Called a hash in Perl."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:293
msgid "dictionary view"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:295
msgid "The objects returned from :meth:`dict.keys`, :meth:`dict.values`, and :meth:`dict.items` are called dictionary views. They provide a dynamic view on the dictionary’s entries, which means that when the dictionary changes, the view reflects these changes. To force the dictionary view to become a full list use ``list(dictview)``.  See :ref:`dict-views`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:301
msgid "docstring"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:303
msgid "A string literal which appears as the first expression in a class, function or module.  While ignored when the suite is executed, it is recognized by the compiler and put into the :attr:`__doc__` attribute of the enclosing class, function or module.  Since it is available via introspection, it is the canonical place for documentation of the object."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:309
msgid "duck-typing"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:311
msgid "A programming style which does not look at an object's type to determine if it has the right interface; instead, the method or attribute is simply called or used (\"If it looks like a duck and quacks like a duck, it must be a duck.\")  By emphasizing interfaces rather than specific types, well-designed code improves its flexibility by allowing polymorphic substitution.  Duck-typing avoids tests using :func:`type` or :func:`isinstance`.  (Note, however, that duck-typing can be complemented with :term:`abstract base classes <abstract base class>`.)  Instead, it typically employs :func:`hasattr` tests or :term:`EAFP` programming."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:320
msgid "EAFP"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:322
msgid "Easier to ask for forgiveness than permission.  This common Python coding style assumes the existence of valid keys or attributes and catches exceptions if the assumption proves false.  This clean and fast style is characterized by the presence of many :keyword:`try` and :keyword:`except` statements.  The technique contrasts with the :term:`LBYL` style common to many other languages such as C."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:328
msgid "expression"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:330
msgid "A piece of syntax which can be evaluated to some value.  In other words, an expression is an accumulation of expression elements like literals, names, attribute access, operators or function calls which all return a value.  In contrast to many other languages, not all language constructs are expressions.  There are also :term:`statement`\\s which cannot be used as expressions, such as :keyword:`if`.  Assignments are also statements, not expressions."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:337
msgid "extension module"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:339
msgid "A module written in C or C++, using Python's C API to interact with the core and with user code."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:341
msgid "f-string"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:343
msgid "String literals prefixed with ``'f'`` or ``'F'`` are commonly called \"f-strings\" which is short for :ref:`formatted string literals <f-strings>`.  See also :pep:`498`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:346
msgid "file object"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:348
msgid "An object exposing a file-oriented API (with methods such as :meth:`read()` or :meth:`write()`) to an underlying resource.  Depending on the way it was created, a file object can mediate access to a real on-disk file or to another type of storage or communication device (for example standard input/output, in-memory buffers, sockets, pipes, etc.).  File objects are also called :dfn:`file-like objects` or :dfn:`streams`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:356
msgid "There are actually three categories of file objects: raw :term:`binary files <binary file>`, buffered :term:`binary files <binary file>` and :term:`text files <text file>`. Their interfaces are defined in the :mod:`io` module.  The canonical way to create a file object is by using the :func:`open` function."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:361
msgid "file-like object"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:363
msgid "A synonym for :term:`file object`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:364
msgid "finder"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:366
msgid "An object that tries to find the :term:`loader` for a module that is being imported."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:369
msgid "Since Python 3.3, there are two types of finder: :term:`meta path finders <meta path finder>` for use with :data:`sys.meta_path`, and :term:`path entry finders <path entry finder>` for use with :data:`sys.path_hooks`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:373
msgid "See :pep:`302`, :pep:`420` and :pep:`451` for much more detail."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:374
msgid "floor division"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:376
msgid "Mathematical division that rounds down to nearest integer.  The floor division operator is ``//``.  For example, the expression ``11 // 4`` evaluates to ``2`` in contrast to the ``2.75`` returned by float true division.  Note that ``(-11) // 4`` is ``-3`` because that is ``-2.75`` rounded *downward*. See :pep:`238`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:381
msgid "function"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:383
msgid "A series of statements which returns some value to a caller. It can also be passed zero or more :term:`arguments <argument>` which may be used in the execution of the body. See also :term:`parameter`, :term:`method`, and the :ref:`function` section."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:387
msgid "function annotation"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:389
msgid "An :term:`annotation` of a function parameter or return value."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:391
msgid "Function annotations are usually used for :term:`type hints <type hint>`: for example this function is expected to take two :class:`int` arguments and is also expected to have an :class:`int` return value::"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:399
msgid "Function annotation syntax is explained in section :ref:`function`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:401
msgid "See :term:`variable annotation` and :pep:`484`, which describe this functionality."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:403
msgid "__future__"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:405
msgid "A pseudo-module which programmers can use to enable new language features which are not compatible with the current interpreter."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:408
msgid "By importing the :mod:`__future__` module and evaluating its variables, you can see when a new feature was first added to the language and when it becomes the default::"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:415
msgid "garbage collection"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:417
msgid "The process of freeing memory when it is not used anymore.  Python performs garbage collection via reference counting and a cyclic garbage collector that is able to detect and break reference cycles.  The garbage collector can be controlled using the :mod:`gc` module."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:423
msgid "generator"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:425
msgid "A function which returns a :term:`generator iterator`.  It looks like a normal function except that it contains :keyword:`yield` expressions for producing a series of values usable in a for-loop or that can be retrieved one at a time with the :func:`next` function."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:430
msgid "Usually refers to a generator function, but may refer to a *generator iterator* in some contexts.  In cases where the intended meaning isn't clear, using the full terms avoids ambiguity."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:433
msgid "generator iterator"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:435
msgid "An object created by a :term:`generator` function."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:437
msgid "Each :keyword:`yield` temporarily suspends processing, remembering the location execution state (including local variables and pending try-statements).  When the *generator iterator* resumes, it picks up where it left off (in contrast to functions which start fresh on every invocation)."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:444
msgid "generator expression"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:446
msgid "An expression that returns an iterator.  It looks like a normal expression followed by a :keyword:`for` expression defining a loop variable, range, and an optional :keyword:`if` expression.  The combined expression generates values for an enclosing function::"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:453
msgid "generic function"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:455
msgid "A function composed of multiple functions implementing the same operation for different types. Which implementation should be used during a call is determined by the dispatch algorithm."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:459
msgid "See also the :term:`single dispatch` glossary entry, the :func:`functools.singledispatch` decorator, and :pep:`443`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:462
msgid "GIL"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:464
msgid "See :term:`global interpreter lock`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:465
msgid "global interpreter lock"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:467
msgid "The mechanism used by the :term:`CPython` interpreter to assure that only one thread executes Python :term:`bytecode` at a time. This simplifies the CPython implementation by making the object model (including critical built-in types such as :class:`dict`) implicitly safe against concurrent access.  Locking the entire interpreter makes it easier for the interpreter to be multi-threaded, at the expense of much of the parallelism afforded by multi-processor machines."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:476
msgid "However, some extension modules, either standard or third-party, are designed so as to release the GIL when doing computationally-intensive tasks such as compression or hashing.  Also, the GIL is always released when doing I/O."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:481
msgid "Past efforts to create a \"free-threaded\" interpreter (one which locks shared data at a much finer granularity) have not been successful because performance suffered in the common single-processor case. It is believed that overcoming this performance issue would make the implementation much more complicated and therefore costlier to maintain."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:487
msgid "hash-based pyc"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:489
msgid "A bytecode cache file that uses the hash rather than the last-modified time of the corresponding source file to determine its validity. See :ref:`pyc-invalidation`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:492
msgid "hashable"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:494
msgid "An object is *hashable* if it has a hash value which never changes during its lifetime (it needs a :meth:`__hash__` method), and can be compared to other objects (it needs an :meth:`__eq__` method).  Hashable objects which compare equal must have the same hash value."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:499
msgid "Hashability makes an object usable as a dictionary key and a set member, because these data structures use the hash value internally."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:502
msgid "All of Python's immutable built-in objects are hashable; mutable containers (such as lists or dictionaries) are not.  Objects which are instances of user-defined classes are hashable by default.  They all compare unequal (except with themselves), and their hash value is derived from their :func:`id`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:507
msgid "IDLE"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:509
msgid "An Integrated Development Environment for Python.  IDLE is a basic editor and interpreter environment which ships with the standard distribution of Python."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:512
msgid "immutable"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:514
msgid "An object with a fixed value.  Immutable objects include numbers, strings and tuples.  Such an object cannot be altered.  A new object has to be created if a different value has to be stored.  They play an important role in places where a constant hash value is needed, for example as a key in a dictionary."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:519
msgid "import path"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:521
msgid "A list of locations (or :term:`path entries <path entry>`) that are searched by the :term:`path based finder` for modules to import. During import, this list of locations usually comes from :data:`sys.path`, but for subpackages it may also come from the parent package's ``__path__`` attribute."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:526
msgid "importing"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:528
msgid "The process by which Python code in one module is made available to Python code in another module."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:530
msgid "importer"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:532
msgid "An object that both finds and loads a module; both a :term:`finder` and :term:`loader` object."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:534
msgid "interactive"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:536
msgid "Python has an interactive interpreter which means you can enter statements and expressions at the interpreter prompt, immediately execute them and see their results.  Just launch ``python`` with no arguments (possibly by selecting it from your computer's main menu). It is a very powerful way to test out new ideas or inspect modules and packages (remember ``help(x)``)."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:542
msgid "interpreted"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:544
msgid "Python is an interpreted language, as opposed to a compiled one, though the distinction can be blurry because of the presence of the bytecode compiler.  This means that source files can be run directly without explicitly creating an executable which is then run. Interpreted languages typically have a shorter development/debug cycle than compiled ones, though their programs generally also run more slowly.  See also :term:`interactive`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:551
msgid "interpreter shutdown"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:553
msgid "When asked to shut down, the Python interpreter enters a special phase where it gradually releases all allocated resources, such as modules and various critical internal structures.  It also makes several calls to the :term:`garbage collector <garbage collection>`. This can trigger the execution of code in user-defined destructors or weakref callbacks. Code executed during the shutdown phase can encounter various exceptions as the resources it relies on may not function anymore (common examples are library modules or the warnings machinery)."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:562
msgid "The main reason for interpreter shutdown is that the ``__main__`` module or the script being run has finished executing."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:564
msgid "iterable"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:566
msgid "An object capable of returning its members one at a time. Examples of iterables include all sequence types (such as :class:`list`, :class:`str`, and :class:`tuple`) and some non-sequence types like :class:`dict`, :term:`file objects <file object>`, and objects of any classes you define with an :meth:`__iter__` method or with a :meth:`__getitem__` method that implements :term:`Sequence` semantics."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:573
msgid "Iterables can be used in a :keyword:`for` loop and in many other places where a sequence is needed (:func:`zip`, :func:`map`, ...).  When an iterable object is passed as an argument to the built-in function :func:`iter`, it returns an iterator for the object.  This iterator is good for one pass over the set of values.  When using iterables, it is usually not necessary to call :func:`iter` or deal with iterator objects yourself.  The ``for`` statement does that automatically for you, creating a temporary unnamed variable to hold the iterator for the duration of the loop.  See also :term:`iterator`, :term:`sequence`, and :term:`generator`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:583
msgid "iterator"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:585
msgid "An object representing a stream of data.  Repeated calls to the iterator's :meth:`~iterator.__next__` method (or passing it to the built-in function :func:`next`) return successive items in the stream.  When no more data are available a :exc:`StopIteration` exception is raised instead.  At this point, the iterator object is exhausted and any further calls to its :meth:`__next__` method just raise :exc:`StopIteration` again.  Iterators are required to have an :meth:`__iter__` method that returns the iterator object itself so every iterator is also iterable and may be used in most places where other iterables are accepted.  One notable exception is code which attempts multiple iteration passes.  A container object (such as a :class:`list`) produces a fresh new iterator each time you pass it to the :func:`iter` function or use it in a :keyword:`for` loop.  Attempting this with an iterator will just return the same exhausted iterator object used in the previous iteration pass, making it appear like an empty container."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:600
msgid "More information can be found in :ref:`typeiter`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:601
msgid "key function"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:603
msgid "A key function or collation function is a callable that returns a value used for sorting or ordering.  For example, :func:`locale.strxfrm` is used to produce a sort key that is aware of locale specific sort conventions."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:608
msgid "A number of tools in Python accept key functions to control how elements are ordered or grouped.  They include :func:`min`, :func:`max`, :func:`sorted`, :meth:`list.sort`, :func:`heapq.merge`, :func:`heapq.nsmallest`, :func:`heapq.nlargest`, and :func:`itertools.groupby`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:614
msgid "There are several ways to create a key function.  For example. the :meth:`str.lower` method can serve as a key function for case insensitive sorts.  Alternatively, a key function can be built from a :keyword:`lambda` expression such as ``lambda r: (r[0], r[2])``.  Also, the :mod:`operator` module provides three key function constructors: :func:`~operator.attrgetter`, :func:`~operator.itemgetter`, and :func:`~operator.methodcaller`.  See the :ref:`Sorting HOW TO <sortinghowto>` for examples of how to create and use key functions."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:622
msgid "keyword argument"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:624
#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:883
msgid "See :term:`argument`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:625
msgid "lambda"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:627
msgid "An anonymous inline function consisting of a single :term:`expression` which is evaluated when the function is called.  The syntax to create a lambda function is ``lambda [parameters]: expression``"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:630
msgid "LBYL"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:632
msgid "Look before you leap.  This coding style explicitly tests for pre-conditions before making calls or lookups.  This style contrasts with the :term:`EAFP` approach and is characterized by the presence of many :keyword:`if` statements."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:637
msgid "In a multi-threaded environment, the LBYL approach can risk introducing a race condition between \"the looking\" and \"the leaping\".  For example, the code, ``if key in mapping: return mapping[key]`` can fail if another thread removes *key* from *mapping* after the test, but before the lookup. This issue can be solved with locks or by using the EAFP approach."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:642
msgid "list"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:644
msgid "A built-in Python :term:`sequence`.  Despite its name it is more akin to an array in other languages than to a linked list since access to elements is O(1)."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:647
msgid "list comprehension"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:649
msgid "A compact way to process all or part of the elements in a sequence and return a list with the results.  ``result = ['{:#04x}'.format(x) for x in range(256) if x % 2 == 0]`` generates a list of strings containing even hex numbers (0x..) in the range from 0 to 255. The :keyword:`if` clause is optional.  If omitted, all elements in ``range(256)`` are processed."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:655
msgid "loader"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:657
msgid "An object that loads a module. It must define a method named :meth:`load_module`. A loader is typically returned by a :term:`finder`. See :pep:`302` for details and :class:`importlib.abc.Loader` for an :term:`abstract base class`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:661
msgid "mapping"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:663
msgid "A container object that supports arbitrary key lookups and implements the methods specified in the :class:`~collections.abc.Mapping` or :class:`~collections.abc.MutableMapping` :ref:`abstract base classes <collections-abstract-base-classes>`.  Examples include :class:`dict`, :class:`collections.defaultdict`, :class:`collections.OrderedDict` and :class:`collections.Counter`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:669
msgid "meta path finder"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:671
msgid "A :term:`finder` returned by a search of :data:`sys.meta_path`.  Meta path finders are related to, but different from :term:`path entry finders <path entry finder>`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:675
msgid "See :class:`importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder` for the methods that meta path finders implement."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:677
msgid "metaclass"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:679
msgid "The class of a class.  Class definitions create a class name, a class dictionary, and a list of base classes.  The metaclass is responsible for taking those three arguments and creating the class.  Most object oriented programming languages provide a default implementation.  What makes Python special is that it is possible to create custom metaclasses.  Most users never need this tool, but when the need arises, metaclasses can provide powerful, elegant solutions.  They have been used for logging attribute access, adding thread-safety, tracking object creation, implementing singletons, and many other tasks."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:689
msgid "More information can be found in :ref:`metaclasses`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:690
msgid "method"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:692
msgid "A function which is defined inside a class body.  If called as an attribute of an instance of that class, the method will get the instance object as its first :term:`argument` (which is usually called ``self``). See :term:`function` and :term:`nested scope`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:696
msgid "method resolution order"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:698
msgid "Method Resolution Order is the order in which base classes are searched for a member during lookup. See `The Python 2.3 Method Resolution Order <https://www.python.org/download/releases/2.3/mro/>`_ for details of the algorithm used by the Python interpreter since the 2.3 release."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:702
msgid "module"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:704
msgid "An object that serves as an organizational unit of Python code.  Modules have a namespace containing arbitrary Python objects.  Modules are loaded into Python by the process of :term:`importing`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:708
msgid "See also :term:`package`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:709
msgid "module spec"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:711
msgid "A namespace containing the import-related information used to load a module. An instance of :class:`importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:713
msgid "MRO"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:715
msgid "See :term:`method resolution order`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:716
msgid "mutable"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:718
msgid "Mutable objects can change their value but keep their :func:`id`.  See also :term:`immutable`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:720
msgid "named tuple"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:722
msgid "Any tuple-like class whose indexable elements are also accessible using named attributes (for example, :func:`time.localtime` returns a tuple-like object where the *year* is accessible either with an index such as ``t[0]`` or with a named attribute like ``t.tm_year``)."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:727
msgid "A named tuple can be a built-in type such as :class:`time.struct_time`, or it can be created with a regular class definition.  A full featured named tuple can also be created with the factory function :func:`collections.namedtuple`.  The latter approach automatically provides extra features such as a self-documenting representation like ``Employee(name='jones', title='programmer')``."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:733
msgid "namespace"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:735
msgid "The place where a variable is stored.  Namespaces are implemented as dictionaries.  There are the local, global and built-in namespaces as well as nested namespaces in objects (in methods).  Namespaces support modularity by preventing naming conflicts.  For instance, the functions :func:`builtins.open <.open>` and :func:`os.open` are distinguished by their namespaces.  Namespaces also aid readability and maintainability by making it clear which module implements a function.  For instance, writing :func:`random.seed` or :func:`itertools.islice` makes it clear that those functions are implemented by the :mod:`random` and :mod:`itertools` modules, respectively."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:745
msgid "namespace package"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:747
msgid "A :pep:`420` :term:`package` which serves only as a container for subpackages.  Namespace packages may have no physical representation, and specifically are not like a :term:`regular package` because they have no ``__init__.py`` file."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:752
msgid "See also :term:`module`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:753
msgid "nested scope"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:755
msgid "The ability to refer to a variable in an enclosing definition.  For instance, a function defined inside another function can refer to variables in the outer function.  Note that nested scopes by default work only for reference and not for assignment.  Local variables both read and write in the innermost scope.  Likewise, global variables read and write to the global namespace.  The :keyword:`nonlocal` allows writing to outer scopes."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:762
msgid "new-style class"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:764
msgid "Old name for the flavor of classes now used for all class objects.  In earlier Python versions, only new-style classes could use Python's newer, versatile features like :attr:`~object.__slots__`, descriptors, properties, :meth:`__getattribute__`, class methods, and static methods."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:768
msgid "object"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:770
msgid "Any data with state (attributes or value) and defined behavior (methods).  Also the ultimate base class of any :term:`new-style class`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:773
msgid "package"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:775
msgid "A Python :term:`module` which can contain submodules or recursively, subpackages.  Technically, a package is a Python module with an ``__path__`` attribute."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:779
msgid "See also :term:`regular package` and :term:`namespace package`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:780
msgid "parameter"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:782
msgid "A named entity in a :term:`function` (or method) definition that specifies an :term:`argument` (or in some cases, arguments) that the function can accept.  There are five kinds of parameter:"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:786
msgid ":dfn:`positional-or-keyword`: specifies an argument that can be passed either :term:`positionally <argument>` or as a :term:`keyword argument <argument>`.  This is the default kind of parameter, for example *foo* and *bar* in the following::"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:795
msgid ":dfn:`positional-only`: specifies an argument that can be supplied only by position.  Python has no syntax for defining positional-only parameters.  However, some built-in functions have positional-only parameters (e.g. :func:`abs`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:802
msgid ":dfn:`keyword-only`: specifies an argument that can be supplied only by keyword.  Keyword-only parameters can be defined by including a single var-positional parameter or bare ``*`` in the parameter list of the function definition before them, for example *kw_only1* and *kw_only2* in the following::"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:810
msgid ":dfn:`var-positional`: specifies that an arbitrary sequence of positional arguments can be provided (in addition to any positional arguments already accepted by other parameters).  Such a parameter can be defined by prepending the parameter name with ``*``, for example *args* in the following::"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:818
msgid ":dfn:`var-keyword`: specifies that arbitrarily many keyword arguments can be provided (in addition to any keyword arguments already accepted by other parameters).  Such a parameter can be defined by prepending the parameter name with ``**``, for example *kwargs* in the example above."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:824
msgid "Parameters can specify both optional and required arguments, as well as default values for some optional arguments."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:827
msgid "See also the :term:`argument` glossary entry, the FAQ question on :ref:`the difference between arguments and parameters <faq-argument-vs-parameter>`, the :class:`inspect.Parameter` class, the :ref:`function` section, and :pep:`362`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:831
msgid "path entry"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:833
msgid "A single location on the :term:`import path` which the :term:`path based finder` consults to find modules for importing."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:835
msgid "path entry finder"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:837
msgid "A :term:`finder` returned by a callable on :data:`sys.path_hooks` (i.e. a :term:`path entry hook`) which knows how to locate modules given a :term:`path entry`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:841
msgid "See :class:`importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder` for the methods that path entry finders implement."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:843
msgid "path entry hook"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:845
msgid "A callable on the :data:`sys.path_hook` list which returns a :term:`path entry finder` if it knows how to find modules on a specific :term:`path entry`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:848
msgid "path based finder"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:850
msgid "One of the default :term:`meta path finders <meta path finder>` which searches an :term:`import path` for modules."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:852
msgid "path-like object"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:854
msgid "An object representing a file system path. A path-like object is either a :class:`str` or :class:`bytes` object representing a path, or an object implementing the :class:`os.PathLike` protocol. An object that supports the :class:`os.PathLike` protocol can be converted to a :class:`str` or :class:`bytes` file system path by calling the :func:`os.fspath` function; :func:`os.fsdecode` and :func:`os.fsencode` can be used to guarantee a :class:`str` or :class:`bytes` result instead, respectively. Introduced by :pep:`519`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:862
msgid "PEP"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:864
msgid "Python Enhancement Proposal. A PEP is a design document providing information to the Python community, or describing a new feature for Python or its processes or environment. PEPs should provide a concise technical specification and a rationale for proposed features."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:870
msgid "PEPs are intended to be the primary mechanisms for proposing major new features, for collecting community input on an issue, and for documenting the design decisions that have gone into Python. The PEP author is responsible for building consensus within the community and documenting dissenting opinions."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:876
msgid "See :pep:`1`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:877
msgid "portion"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:879
msgid "A set of files in a single directory (possibly stored in a zip file) that contribute to a namespace package, as defined in :pep:`420`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:881
msgid "positional argument"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:884
msgid "provisional API"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:886
msgid "A provisional API is one which has been deliberately excluded from the standard library's backwards compatibility guarantees.  While major changes to such interfaces are not expected, as long as they are marked provisional, backwards incompatible changes (up to and including removal of the interface) may occur if deemed necessary by core developers.  Such changes will not be made gratuitously -- they will occur only if serious fundamental flaws are uncovered that were missed prior to the inclusion of the API."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:895
msgid "Even for provisional APIs, backwards incompatible changes are seen as a \"solution of last resort\" - every attempt will still be made to find a backwards compatible resolution to any identified problems."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:899
msgid "This process allows the standard library to continue to evolve over time, without locking in problematic design errors for extended periods of time.  See :pep:`411` for more details."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:902
msgid "provisional package"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:904
msgid "See :term:`provisional API`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:905
msgid "Python 3000"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:907
msgid "Nickname for the Python 3.x release line (coined long ago when the release of version 3 was something in the distant future.)  This is also abbreviated \"Py3k\"."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:910
msgid "Pythonic"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:912
msgid "An idea or piece of code which closely follows the most common idioms of the Python language, rather than implementing code using concepts common to other languages.  For example, a common idiom in Python is to loop over all elements of an iterable using a :keyword:`for` statement.  Many other languages don't have this type of construct, so people unfamiliar with Python sometimes use a numerical counter instead::"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:922
msgid "As opposed to the cleaner, Pythonic method::"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:926
msgid "qualified name"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:928
msgid "A dotted name showing the \"path\" from a module's global scope to a class, function or method defined in that module, as defined in :pep:`3155`.  For top-level functions and classes, the qualified name is the same as the object's name::"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:945
msgid "When used to refer to modules, the *fully qualified name* means the entire dotted path to the module, including any parent packages, e.g. ``email.mime.text``::"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:952
msgid "reference count"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:954
msgid "The number of references to an object.  When the reference count of an object drops to zero, it is deallocated.  Reference counting is generally not visible to Python code, but it is a key element of the :term:`CPython` implementation.  The :mod:`sys` module defines a :func:`~sys.getrefcount` function that programmers can call to return the reference count for a particular object."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:960
msgid "regular package"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:962
msgid "A traditional :term:`package`, such as a directory containing an ``__init__.py`` file."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:965
msgid "See also :term:`namespace package`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:966
msgid "__slots__"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:968
msgid "A declaration inside a class that saves memory by pre-declaring space for instance attributes and eliminating instance dictionaries.  Though popular, the technique is somewhat tricky to get right and is best reserved for rare cases where there are large numbers of instances in a memory-critical application."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:973
msgid "sequence"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:975
msgid "An :term:`iterable` which supports efficient element access using integer indices via the :meth:`__getitem__` special method and defines a :meth:`__len__` method that returns the length of the sequence. Some built-in sequence types are :class:`list`, :class:`str`, :class:`tuple`, and :class:`bytes`. Note that :class:`dict` also supports :meth:`__getitem__` and :meth:`__len__`, but is considered a mapping rather than a sequence because the lookups use arbitrary :term:`immutable` keys rather than integers."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:984
msgid "The :class:`collections.abc.Sequence` abstract base class defines a much richer interface that goes beyond just :meth:`__getitem__` and :meth:`__len__`, adding :meth:`count`, :meth:`index`, :meth:`__contains__`, and :meth:`__reversed__`. Types that implement this expanded interface can be registered explicitly using :func:`~abc.register`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:991
msgid "single dispatch"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:993
msgid "A form of :term:`generic function` dispatch where the implementation is chosen based on the type of a single argument."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:995
msgid "slice"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:997
msgid "An object usually containing a portion of a :term:`sequence`.  A slice is created using the subscript notation, ``[]`` with colons between numbers when several are given, such as in ``variable_name[1:3:5]``.  The bracket (subscript) notation uses :class:`slice` objects internally."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1001
msgid "special method"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1003
msgid "A method that is called implicitly by Python to execute a certain operation on a type, such as addition.  Such methods have names starting and ending with double underscores.  Special methods are documented in :ref:`specialnames`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1007
msgid "statement"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1009
msgid "A statement is part of a suite (a \"block\" of code).  A statement is either an :term:`expression` or one of several constructs with a keyword, such as :keyword:`if`, :keyword:`while` or :keyword:`for`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1012
msgid "struct sequence"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1014
msgid "A tuple with named elements. Struct sequences expose an interface similar to :term:`named tuple` in that elements can either be accessed either by index or as an attribute. However, they do not have any of the named tuple methods like :meth:`~collections.somenamedtuple._make` or :meth:`~collections.somenamedtuple._asdict`. Examples of struct sequences include :data:`sys.float_info` and the return value of :func:`os.stat`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1020
msgid "text encoding"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1022
msgid "A codec which encodes Unicode strings to bytes."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1023
msgid "text file"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1025
msgid "A :term:`file object` able to read and write :class:`str` objects. Often, a text file actually accesses a byte-oriented datastream and handles the :term:`text encoding` automatically. Examples of text files are files opened in text mode (``'r'`` or ``'w'``), :data:`sys.stdin`, :data:`sys.stdout`, and instances of :class:`io.StringIO`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1032
msgid "See also :term:`binary file` for a file object able to read and write :term:`bytes-like objects <bytes-like object>`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1034
msgid "triple-quoted string"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1036
msgid "A string which is bound by three instances of either a quotation mark (\") or an apostrophe (').  While they don't provide any functionality not available with single-quoted strings, they are useful for a number of reasons.  They allow you to include unescaped single and double quotes within a string and they can span multiple lines without the use of the continuation character, making them especially useful when writing docstrings."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1043
msgid "type"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1045
msgid "The type of a Python object determines what kind of object it is; every object has a type.  An object's type is accessible as its :attr:`~instance.__class__` attribute or can be retrieved with ``type(obj)``."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1049
msgid "type alias"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1051
msgid "A synonym for a type, created by assigning the type to an identifier."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1053
msgid "Type aliases are useful for simplifying :term:`type hints <type hint>`. For example::"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1062
msgid "could be made more readable like this::"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1071
#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1085
msgid "See :mod:`typing` and :pep:`484`, which describe this functionality."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1072
msgid "type hint"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1074
msgid "An :term:`annotation` that specifies the expected type for a variable, a class attribute, or a function parameter or return value."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1077
msgid "Type hints are optional and are not enforced by Python but they are useful to static type analysis tools, and aid IDEs with code completion and refactoring."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1081
msgid "Type hints of global variables, class attributes, and functions, but not local variables, can be accessed using :func:`typing.get_type_hints`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1086
msgid "universal newlines"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1088
msgid "A manner of interpreting text streams in which all of the following are recognized as ending a line: the Unix end-of-line convention ``'\\n'``, the Windows convention ``'\\r\\n'``, and the old Macintosh convention ``'\\r'``.  See :pep:`278` and :pep:`3116`, as well as :func:`bytes.splitlines` for an additional use."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1093
msgid "variable annotation"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1095
msgid "An :term:`annotation` of a variable or a class attribute."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1097
msgid "When annotating a variable or a class attribute, assignment is optional::"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1102
msgid "Variable annotations are usually used for :term:`type hints <type hint>`: for example this variable is expected to take :class:`int` values::"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1108
msgid "Variable annotation syntax is explained in section :ref:`annassign`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1110
msgid "See :term:`function annotation`, :pep:`484` and :pep:`526`, which describe this functionality."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1112
msgid "virtual environment"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1114
msgid "A cooperatively isolated runtime environment that allows Python users and applications to install and upgrade Python distribution packages without interfering with the behaviour of other Python applications running on the same system."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1119
msgid "See also :mod:`venv`."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1120
msgid "virtual machine"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1122
msgid "A computer defined entirely in software.  Python's virtual machine executes the :term:`bytecode` emitted by the bytecode compiler."
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1124
msgid "Zen of Python"
msgstr ""

#: ../cpython/Doc/glossary.rst:1126
msgid "Listing of Python design principles and philosophies that are helpful in understanding and using the language.  The listing can be found by typing \"``import this``\" at the interactive prompt."
msgstr ""