diff --git a/.jules/bolt.md b/.jules/bolt.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80ed420
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.jules/bolt.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+## 2024-04-11 - Optimize view model collection updates
+
+**Learning:** In SwiftUI `ObservableObject` view models, mutating individual elements of a `@Published` array property inside a `for` loop triggers a UI update notification for *every single change*. For collections of value types (structs), utilizing functional methods like `map` to batch updates into a single property assignment significantly reduces unnecessary UI recalculations and improves responsiveness. However, because `.map` creates a new array and looks like a performance degradation in standard Swift compared to in-place mutation, explicit comments are necessary to prevent future developers from "optimizing" it back to a `for` loop.
+
+**Action:** When updating multiple elements in a `@Published` collection in SwiftUI, use `.map` to batch the update into a single assignment. Always accompany this pattern with a `// PERFORMANCE:` comment explicitly explaining that this is a SwiftUI-specific optimization to prevent O(N) view re-renders.
diff --git a/Sources/Cacheout/ViewModels/CacheoutViewModel.swift b/Sources/Cacheout/ViewModels/CacheoutViewModel.swift
index 13a9811..65c3027 100644
--- a/Sources/Cacheout/ViewModels/CacheoutViewModel.swift
+++ b/Sources/Cacheout/ViewModels/CacheoutViewModel.swift
@@ -172,14 +172,25 @@ class CacheoutViewModel: ObservableObject {
     }
 
     func selectAllSafe() {
-        for i in scanResults.indices where scanResults[i].category.riskLevel == .safe && !scanResults[i].isEmpty {
-            scanResults[i].isSelected = true
+        // PERFORMANCE: We use .map to batch updates into a single assignment.
+        // While a for loop would be faster in standard Swift, mutating individual
+        // elements of a @Published array inside a loop triggers O(N) UI view
+        // re-renders. This single assignment reduces it to O(1) updates.
+        scanResults = scanResults.map { result in
+            var updated = result
+            if updated.category.riskLevel == .safe && !updated.isEmpty {
+                updated.isSelected = true
+            }
+            return updated
         }
     }
 
     func deselectAll() {
-        for i in scanResults.indices {
-            scanResults[i].isSelected = false
+        // PERFORMANCE: Batch updates to @Published array to avoid O(N) UI re-renders.
+        scanResults = scanResults.map { result in
+            var updated = result
+            updated.isSelected = false
+            return updated
         }
         deselectAllNodeModules()
     }
@@ -193,17 +204,32 @@ class CacheoutViewModel: ObservableObject {
     }
 
     func selectStaleNodeModules() {
-        for i in nodeModulesItems.indices where nodeModulesItems[i].isStale {
-            nodeModulesItems[i].isSelected = true
+        // PERFORMANCE: Batch updates to @Published array to avoid O(N) UI re-renders.
+        nodeModulesItems = nodeModulesItems.map { item in
+            var updated = item
+            if updated.isStale {
+                updated.isSelected = true
+            }
+            return updated
         }
     }
 
     func selectAllNodeModules() {
-        for i in nodeModulesItems.indices { nodeModulesItems[i].isSelected = true }
+        // PERFORMANCE: Batch updates to @Published array to avoid O(N) UI re-renders.
+        nodeModulesItems = nodeModulesItems.map { item in
+            var updated = item
+            updated.isSelected = true
+            return updated
+        }
     }
 
     func deselectAllNodeModules() {
-        for i in nodeModulesItems.indices { nodeModulesItems[i].isSelected = false }
+        // PERFORMANCE: Batch updates to @Published array to avoid O(N) UI re-renders.
+        nodeModulesItems = nodeModulesItems.map { item in
+            var updated = item
+            updated.isSelected = false
+            return updated
+        }
     }
 
     /// Menu bar label: show free GB in the tray