From 1c4280ff2c5795804c1b82221ed329fb26eedac8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matti Sarjala <masarjala@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 14 May 2026 15:22:32 +0300
Subject: [PATCH] Raise clear error for non-BQM embedding inputs

---
 dwave/system/composites/embedding.py | 15 +++++++++++++++
 tests/test_embedding_composite.py    |  7 +++++++
 2 files changed, 22 insertions(+)

diff --git a/dwave/system/composites/embedding.py b/dwave/system/composites/embedding.py
index ca56d97a..00922b8d 100644
--- a/dwave/system/composites/embedding.py
+++ b/dwave/system/composites/embedding.py
@@ -44,6 +44,15 @@
            )
 
 
+def _validate_bqm(bqm):
+    if not isinstance(bqm, dimod.BinaryQuadraticModel):
+        raise TypeError(
+            "Embedding composites only accept binary quadratic models (BQMs). "
+            "For constrained quadratic models (CQMs), use an appropriate sampler "
+            "such as LeapHybridCQMSampler."
+        )
+
+
 class EmbeddingComposite(dimod.ComposedSampler):
     """Maps problems to a structured sampler.
 
@@ -238,6 +247,8 @@ def sample(self, bqm, chain_strength=None,
             See the example in the :class:`.EmbeddingComposite` class.
 
         """
+        _validate_bqm(bqm)
+
         if return_embedding is None:
             return_embedding = self.return_embedding_default
 
@@ -517,6 +528,8 @@ def sample(self, bqm, **parameters):
             :obj:`~dimod.SampleSet`
 
         """
+        _validate_bqm(bqm)
+
         if self.embedding is None:
             # get an embedding using the current find_embedding function
             embedding_parameters = parameters.pop('embedding_parameters', None)
@@ -668,6 +681,8 @@ def permissive_child_structure(sampler):
                                                      **kwargs)
 
     def sample(self, bqm, **parameters):
+        _validate_bqm(bqm)
+
         child = self.child
 
         # we want to pass only the parameters relevent to the child sampler
diff --git a/tests/test_embedding_composite.py b/tests/test_embedding_composite.py
index 67f907c4..804ee28f 100644
--- a/tests/test_embedding_composite.py
+++ b/tests/test_embedding_composite.py
@@ -50,6 +50,13 @@ def test_instantiation_smoketest(self):
 
         dimod.testing.assert_sampler_api(sampler)
 
+    def test_sample_rejects_cqm(self):
+        sampler = EmbeddingComposite(MockDWaveSampler())
+        cqm = dimod.ConstrainedQuadraticModel()
+
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "binary quadratic model"):
+            sampler.sample(cqm)
+
     def test_sample_ising(self):
         sampler = EmbeddingComposite(MockDWaveSampler())