diff --git a/harmonica/_io/oasis_montaj_grd.py b/harmonica/_io/oasis_montaj_grd.py
index 80eb2f067..b9f7c65ce 100644
--- a/harmonica/_io/oasis_montaj_grd.py
+++ b/harmonica/_io/oasis_montaj_grd.py
@@ -107,6 +107,14 @@ def load_oasis_montaj_grid(fname):
         order = "F"
         shape = (header["shape_e"], header["shape_v"])
         spacing = (header["spacing_e"], header["spacing_v"])
+    # Check that the number of elements matches the expected shape
+    expected_size = shape[0] * shape[1]
+    actual_size = grid.size
+    if actual_size != expected_size:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Grid data size mismatch: found {actual_size} elements, expected {expected_size} (shape {shape}). "
+            "The file may be corrupted or incomplete."
+        )
     grid = grid.reshape(shape, order=order)
     # Build coords
     if header["rotation"] == 0:
diff --git a/harmonica/tests/data/incomplete_grid.grd b/harmonica/tests/data/incomplete_grid.grd
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..531ecc0e5
Binary files /dev/null and b/harmonica/tests/data/incomplete_grid.grd differ
diff --git a/harmonica/tests/test_oasis.py b/harmonica/tests/test_oasis.py
index b1193acfe..041ed87e7 100644
--- a/harmonica/tests/test_oasis.py
+++ b/harmonica/tests/test_oasis.py
@@ -107,3 +107,9 @@ def test_rotated_grid(self):
         npt.assert_allclose(
             grid.rotation, np.degrees(np.arctan((north - south) / (east - west)))
         )
+
+
+def test_incomplete_grid_raises_error():
+    corrupted_file = "harmonica/tests/data/incomplete_grid.grd"
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Grid data size mismatch"):
+        load_oasis_montaj_grid(corrupted_file)