diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index b1084f6..df9a8fe 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Changelog
 
-Last updated: 2026-04-22
+Last updated: 2026-04-23
 
 All notable changes to X-Proxy Chrome Extension will be documented in this file.
 
@@ -9,7 +9,24 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
-Future improvements planned:
+### Added
+- **Keyboard navigation for the profile modal**: Escape closes the modal; focus is restored to the triggering button on close; the first form field is auto-focused on open; Tab and Shift+Tab wrap inside the modal instead of leaking into the page behind it. Clears WCAG 2.1.2 "No Keyboard Trap" and aligns with the WAI-ARIA dialog pattern.
+- **E2E coverage pass** to close long-standing blind spots:
+  - `e2e/modal-visual.spec.ts` — 6 visual baselines (Add/Edit modal in light + dark, Options Profiles dark, Options About dark).
+  - `e2e/migration.spec.ts` — storage v1→v2 integration guard (non-destructive reads, first-write upgrade, Direct-mode distinct persistence).
+  - `e2e/keyboard-nav.spec.ts` — 6 tests driving the new keyboard behavior red→green.
+- `npm run test:e2e:update` script so regenerating baselines is discoverable.
+
+### Changed
+- **Visual regression tolerance** tightened from `maxDiffPixelRatio: 0.05` to `0.01`. The previous ~46k-pixel budget on a 1280×720 frame silently absorbed the entire `v1.5.1 → v1.6.1` About-panel text change, so baselines sat three versions out of date while CI kept passing.
+- **`CONTRIBUTING.md`** rewritten to match the actual project (plain JS + three-component Vite build, no React, no `.ts` source) and gains a three-tier Release Checklist so future version bumps can't miss `docs/index.html` JSON-LD, STORE_LISTING, or the hardcoded version assertion in `e2e/options.spec.ts`.
+
+### Fixed
+- **CSS-transition race** in axe color-contrast scans. `emulateMedia({colorScheme:'dark'})` flipped `:root` custom properties synchronously, but `transition: all var(--transition-base)` interpolated element colors over ~250ms, so axe sampled mid-transition rgba values and reported spurious AA failures. Fixed by disabling CSS transitions before the media flip (`e2e/a11y.spec.ts`).
+- **Stale v1.6.0 references** in `options.html` About panel, `README.md` roadmap, `docs/index.html` JSON-LD `softwareVersion` (user-visible in Google search results), `docs/STORE_LISTING.md`, `docs/SEO_GUIDE.md`, and the hardcoded assertion in `e2e/options.spec.ts`. Caused by the v1.6.1 cut having no single source of truth for "where does the version string live"; the new Release Checklist Tier 1 table pins this down.
+- **Nine stale visual baselines** under `e2e/__screenshots__/visual.spec.ts/` regenerated so screenshots match shipped UI.
+
+### Planned (not yet scheduled)
 - Enhanced error handling and user feedback
 - Performance optimizations
 - Blog content creation for SEO
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
index dafc92c..eddf271 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Contributing to X-Proxy
 
-Last updated: 2025-08-13
+Last updated: 2026-04-23
 
 First off, thank you for considering contributing to X-Proxy! 🎉
 
@@ -34,36 +34,32 @@ This project and everyone participating in it is governed by our Code of Conduct
 Before you begin, ensure you have:
 
 - Node.js 18+ and npm 8+
-- Git
-- A GitHub account
+- Git and a GitHub account
 - Chrome browser for testing
-- Basic knowledge of TypeScript and Chrome Extensions
+- Basic familiarity with plain JavaScript and Chrome Extensions (Manifest V3)
+
+> X-Proxy source files are **plain `.js`** at the repo root. TypeScript is used only for type-checking via `tsconfig.json` (`allowJs: true`) — there is no `.ts` source to compile and no build-time transform on your code.
 
 ### First Contributions
 
-Unsure where to begin? You can start by looking through these issues:
+Unsure where to begin? Look at:
 
-- [Good First Issues](https://github.com/helebest/x-proxy/labels/good%20first%20issue) - issues which should only require a few lines of code
-- [Help Wanted](https://github.com/helebest/x-proxy/labels/help%20wanted) - issues which need extra attention
-- [Documentation](https://github.com/helebest/x-proxy/labels/documentation) - improvements or additions to documentation
+- [Good First Issues](https://github.com/helebest/x-proxy/labels/good%20first%20issue) - small, focused tasks
+- [Help Wanted](https://github.com/helebest/x-proxy/labels/help%20wanted) - issues that need extra attention
+- [Documentation](https://github.com/helebest/x-proxy/labels/documentation) - doc improvements
 
 ## How Can I Contribute?
 
 ### Reporting Bugs
 
-Before creating bug reports, please check existing issues to avoid duplicates. When creating a bug report, please include:
+Before filing a bug, please check existing issues to avoid duplicates. Include:
 
-1. **Clear Title**: A clear and descriptive title
-2. **Description**: A detailed description of the issue
-3. **Steps to Reproduce**: List the exact steps to reproduce the behavior
-4. **Expected Behavior**: What you expected to happen
-5. **Actual Behavior**: What actually happened
-6. **Screenshots**: If applicable, add screenshots
-7. **Environment**:
-   - Chrome version
-   - X-Proxy version
-   - Operating System
-   - Any relevant proxy configuration
+1. **Clear Title** — a concise, descriptive title
+2. **Description** — what went wrong
+3. **Steps to Reproduce** — the exact sequence
+4. **Expected vs. Actual Behavior**
+5. **Screenshots** — if relevant
+6. **Environment** — Chrome version, X-Proxy version, OS, proxy type
 
 #### Bug Report Template
 
@@ -87,10 +83,10 @@ What actually happened.
 If applicable, add screenshots.
 
 ## Environment
-- Chrome Version: [e.g., 120.0.6099.129]
-- X-Proxy Version: [e.g., 1.0.0]
-- OS: [e.g., Windows 11]
-- Proxy Type: [e.g., SOCKS5]
+- Chrome Version: [e.g., 128.0.6613.120]
+- X-Proxy Version: [e.g., 1.6.1]
+- OS: [e.g., macOS 15, Windows 11]
+- Proxy Type: [HTTP / HTTPS / SOCKS5 / PAC]
 
 ## Additional Context
 Any other context about the problem.
@@ -98,163 +94,124 @@ Any other context about the problem.
 
 ### Suggesting Enhancements
 
-Enhancement suggestions are tracked as GitHub issues. When creating an enhancement suggestion, please include:
-
-1. **Use Case**: Explain the use case for this enhancement
-2. **Current Behavior**: Current behavior and why it's insufficient
-3. **Proposed Solution**: Your proposed solution
-4. **Alternatives**: Any alternative solutions you've considered
-5. **Additional Context**: Any other context or screenshots
+Enhancement suggestions are tracked as GitHub issues. Please include:
 
-### Code Contributions
+1. **Use Case** — why you need this
+2. **Current Behavior** — and why it's insufficient
+3. **Proposed Solution**
+4. **Alternatives** considered
+5. **Additional Context**
 
-#### Local Development Setup
+## Development Setup
 
-1. **Fork the Repository**
+1. **Fork and clone**
    ```bash
-   # Fork via GitHub UI, then:
    git clone https://github.com/your-username/x-proxy.git
    cd x-proxy
-   ```
-
-2. **Set Up Upstream**
-   ```bash
    git remote add upstream https://github.com/helebest/x-proxy.git
-   git fetch upstream
    ```
 
-3. **Install Dependencies**
+2. **Install dependencies**
    ```bash
    npm install
    ```
 
-4. **Create a Branch**
+3. **Create a branch**
    ```bash
    git checkout -b feature/your-feature-name
    # or
    git checkout -b fix/your-bug-fix
    ```
 
-5. **Start Development Server**
+4. **Build the extension**
    ```bash
-   npm run dev
+   npm run build       # build all three components to dist/
+   npm run watch       # rebuild background.js on change (popup/options need manual rebuild)
    ```
 
-6. **Load Extension in Chrome**
+   > Do **not** use `npm run dev` — it starts a Vite dev server, which is not how Chrome extensions load. Chrome loads files from `dist/` as an unpacked extension; that's why the workflow is build → load → reload.
+
+5. **Load the extension in Chrome**
    - Open `chrome://extensions/`
    - Enable "Developer mode"
-   - Click "Load unpacked"
-   - Select the `dist` directory
+   - Click "Load unpacked" and select the `dist` directory
+   - After each rebuild, click the reload icon on the X-Proxy card
 
 ## Project Structure
 
 ```
 x-proxy/
-├── dist/               # Build output
-├── tests/              # Test suites
-│   ├── unit/          # Unit tests
-│   ├── integration/   # Integration tests
-│   └── e2e/           # End-to-end tests
-├── docs/               # Documentation
-├── store-assets/       # Chrome Web Store assets
-├── manifest.json       # Extension manifest
-├── popup.html          # Popup UI
-├── popup.js            # Popup logic
-├── options.html        # Options page
-├── options.js          # Options logic
-├── background.js       # Background service worker
-├── package.json        # Project configuration
-├── tsconfig.json       # TypeScript configuration
-└── README.md           # Documentation
+├── background.js             # Service worker (proxy mgmt, PAC gen, auth)
+├── popup.html / popup.js / popup.css   # Toolbar popup UI
+├── options.html / options.js / options.css   # Full options page
+├── manifest.json             # MV3 manifest (copied into dist/ at build)
+├── lib/
+│   ├── icon-paths.js         # Icon path resolver (profile/direct/system)
+│   └── storage-migration.js  # v1 → v2 schema migration
+├── tests/                    # Vitest unit tests — flat, *.test.js
+├── e2e/                      # Playwright E2E — flat, *.spec.ts
+│   ├── fixture.ts            # Launches Chromium with built dist/ loaded
+│   └── __screenshots__/      # Visual-regression baselines
+├── scripts/
+│   └── generate-icons.js     # Regenerate PNG icons from SVG (sharp)
+├── public/icons/             # Static icon assets
+├── vite.config.background.ts # One Vite config per component — each builds
+├── vite.config.popup.ts      # independently into dist/ (no emptyOutDir)
+├── vite.config.options.ts
+└── tsconfig.json             # Strict type-check over .js via allowJs
 ```
 
 ## Coding Guidelines
 
-### TypeScript Style Guide
+### JavaScript Style
 
-We follow the [TypeScript Style Guide](https://google.github.io/styleguide/tsguide.html) with some modifications:
+Source files are plain ES2022 JavaScript. We follow a few hard rules:
 
-1. **Use TypeScript Strict Mode**: All code must pass strict type checking
-2. **Prefer const**: Use `const` for values that won't be reassigned
-3. **Use Type Annotations**: Always provide explicit type annotations for function parameters and return types
-4. **Avoid `any`**: Never use `any` type unless absolutely necessary
-5. **Use Interfaces**: Prefer interfaces over type aliases for object types
+1. **No TypeScript syntax in source files** — JSDoc annotations are fine and preferred for public helpers; the type checker consumes them.
+2. **Prefer `const`** — `let` only when reassignment is real; avoid `var`.
+3. **No `eval` / dynamic code** — required for Chrome Web Store review.
+4. **Small, pure helpers live in `lib/`** — so they can be unit-tested without stubbing `chrome.*` APIs (see `lib/icon-paths.js` as the pattern).
+5. **Keep `background.js` lightweight** — it's a service worker and gets terminated aggressively; anything expensive should be on-demand, not on-startup.
 
-#### Example Code Style
+#### Example: an extractable pure helper
 
-```typescript
-// Good ✅
-interface ProxyConfig {
-  host: string;
-  port: number;
-  type: ProxyType;
-  username?: string;
-  password?: string;
+```javascript
+// lib/icon-paths.js
+/**
+ * Resolve the toolbar icon paths for the current mode.
+ * @param {string | undefined} profileColor - hex color of the active profile, if any
+ * @param {'profile' | 'direct' | 'system'} mode
+ * @returns {{ 16: string, 32: string, 48: string, 128: string }}
+ */
+export function resolveIconPaths(profileColor, mode) {
+  if (mode === 'direct') return DIRECT_ICONS;
+  if (mode === 'system') return INACTIVE_ICONS;
+  return colorizedIcons(profileColor);
 }
+```
 
-export const createProxy = async (config: ProxyConfig): Promise<Proxy> => {
-  const { host, port, type } = config;
-  
-  if (!isValidHost(host)) {
-    throw new Error(`Invalid host: ${host}`);
-  }
-  
-  const proxy = new Proxy({
-    host,
-    port,
-    type,
-  });
-  
-  return proxy;
-};
-
-// Bad ❌
-export function createProxy(config: any) {
-  var proxy = new Proxy(config);
-  return proxy;
-}
+```javascript
+// tests/update-icon.test.js — exercises it directly, no chrome stubs
+import { resolveIconPaths } from '../lib/icon-paths.js';
+// ...
 ```
 
-### File Naming Conventions
-
-- **TypeScript Files**: Use camelCase (e.g., `proxyManager.ts`)
-- **React Components**: Use PascalCase (e.g., `ProxyList.tsx`)
-- **Test Files**: Add `.test.ts` or `.spec.ts` suffix
-- **Constants**: Use UPPER_SNAKE_CASE in constants file
-- **CSS Files**: Use kebab-case (e.g., `proxy-list.css`)
-
-### Code Organization
-
-1. **Imports Order**:
-   ```typescript
-   // 1. External imports
-   import { someFunction } from 'external-library';
-   
-   // 2. Internal absolute imports
-   import { ProxyManager } from '@/core/proxy';
-   
-   // 3. Internal relative imports
-   import { helper } from './utils';
-   
-   // 4. Type imports
-   import type { ProxyConfig } from '@/types';
-   ```
+### File Naming
 
-2. **Export Patterns**:
-   - Use named exports for utilities and components
-   - Use default export only for main module entry points
-   - Group related exports in index files
+- **Source files**: kebab-case for multi-word files (`icon-paths.js`, `storage-migration.js`); single-purpose entry points keep their established names (`background.js`, `popup.js`, `options.js`).
+- **Test files**: `*.test.js` in `tests/` for Vitest; `*.spec.ts` in `e2e/` for Playwright.
+- **CSS**: kebab-case.
 
-### Chrome Extension Specific Guidelines
+### Chrome Extension Specifics
 
-1. **Manifest Permissions**: Only request necessary permissions
-2. **Storage**: Use chrome.storage.local for profile data
-3. **Security**: Never execute dynamic code or use eval()
-4. **Performance**: Keep background script lightweight
+1. **Only request permissions you use** — each new permission triggers re-review on the Web Store.
+2. **Storage**: `chrome.storage.local` under the single key `'x-proxy-data'`. Respect the v2 schema (`mode` + `profiles` + `activeProfileId`) documented in `CLAUDE.md`. If you change the schema, bump `version` and add a migration in `lib/storage-migration.js`.
+3. **Message protocol** (popup/options → background): `ACTIVATE_PROFILE`, `DEACTIVATE_PROFILE`, `GET_STATE`. Don't introduce new message types without discussion.
+4. **Proxy API mode selection** lives in `background.js` and branches on profile type; test both the PAC-generation path and the `fixed_servers` path when touching it.
 
 ## Commit Messages
 
-We follow the [Conventional Commits](https://www.conventionalcommits.org/) specification:
+We follow [Conventional Commits](https://www.conventionalcommits.org/).
 
 ### Format
 
@@ -268,81 +225,60 @@ We follow the [Conventional Commits](https://www.conventionalcommits.org/) speci
 
 ### Types
 
-- **feat**: New feature
-- **fix**: Bug fix
-- **docs**: Documentation changes
-- **style**: Code style changes (formatting, etc.)
-- **refactor**: Code refactoring
-- **perf**: Performance improvements
-- **test**: Adding or updating tests
-- **build**: Build system changes
-- **ci**: CI/CD changes
-- **chore**: Other changes that don't modify src or test files
+- **feat** — new feature
+- **fix** — bug fix
+- **docs** — documentation only
+- **style** — formatting, no code change
+- **refactor** — code change that neither fixes a bug nor adds a feature
+- **perf** — performance improvement
+- **test** — adding or updating tests
+- **build** — build system / deps
+- **ci** — CI configuration
+- **chore** — anything else that doesn't touch src or tests
 
 ### Examples
 
 ```bash
-# Feature
-feat(proxy): add SOCKS4 support
-
-# Bug fix
-fix(popup): resolve connection status display issue
-
-# Documentation
-docs(readme): update installation instructions
-
-# Performance
-perf(background): optimize proxy switching logic
-
-# Breaking change
-feat(api)!: redesign proxy configuration API
-
-BREAKING CHANGE: The proxy configuration API has been completely redesigned.
-Old configuration format is no longer supported.
+feat(popup): add Direct Connection mode button
+fix(background): repaint toolbar icon immediately on activate
+docs(readme): add v1.6.1 roadmap entry
+perf(popup): remove backdrop-filter from header and footer
+test(icon-paths): pin direct-vs-system distinctness
+feat(storage)!: migrate to schema v2 with top-level mode
+
+BREAKING CHANGE: x-proxy-data now includes a top-level `mode` field;
+v1 → v2 migration runs automatically on first load.
 ```
 
 ## Pull Request Process
 
-1. **Update Your Fork**
+1. **Sync with upstream**
    ```bash
    git fetch upstream
    git checkout main
    git merge upstream/main
    ```
 
-2. **Create Feature Branch**
-   ```bash
-   git checkout -b feature/your-feature
-   ```
+2. **Create a branch** (`feature/...` or `fix/...`)
 
-3. **Make Changes**
-   - Write code following our guidelines
-   - Add/update tests
-   - Update documentation
+3. **Make changes** — code, tests, docs
 
-4. **Run Tests**
+4. **Verify locally**
    ```bash
-   npm test
-   npm run lint
-   npm run type-check
+   npm run type-check   # tsc --noEmit
+   npm test             # Vitest unit tests
+   npm run build        # must succeed; required before E2E
+   npm run test:e2e     # Playwright (headed Chrome, needs dist/)
    ```
 
-5. **Commit Changes**
-   ```bash
-   git add .
-   git commit -m "feat(scope): your feature description"
-   ```
+   > `npm run lint` is currently a no-op placeholder; it will always "pass". Don't treat it as a real gate.
 
-6. **Push to Your Fork**
-   ```bash
-   git push origin feature/your-feature
-   ```
+5. **Commit** — Conventional Commits; one logical change per commit where practical
 
-7. **Create Pull Request**
-   - Go to GitHub and create a PR
+6. **Push and open a PR**
    - Fill out the PR template
-   - Link related issues
-   - Request review from maintainers
+   - Link related issues (`Fixes #N`)
+   - If a user-visible behavior changed, update `CHANGELOG.md` under `[Unreleased]`
 
 ### Pull Request Template
 
@@ -357,24 +293,24 @@ Brief description of changes.
 - [ ] Documentation update
 
 ## Testing
-- [ ] Unit tests pass
-- [ ] Integration tests pass
-- [ ] Manual testing completed
+- [ ] Unit tests pass (`npm test`)
+- [ ] Type check passes (`npm run type-check`)
+- [ ] Build succeeds (`npm run build`)
+- [ ] E2E tests pass (`npm run test:e2e`) — if UI/background changed
+- [ ] Manual testing completed in an unpacked `dist/` load
 
 ## Checklist
-- [ ] Code follows project style guidelines
+- [ ] Follows project conventions (plain JS, no TS syntax in source)
 - [ ] Self-review completed
-- [ ] Comments added for complex code
-- [ ] Documentation updated
-- [ ] No new warnings
-- [ ] Tests added/updated
-- [ ] All tests passing
+- [ ] Comments added only where WHY is non-obvious
+- [ ] Docs updated (README / CHANGELOG / CLAUDE.md) if behavior changed
+- [ ] No new permissions added (or explicitly justified if so)
 
 ## Related Issues
 Fixes #(issue number)
 
 ## Screenshots
-If applicable, add screenshots.
+If UI changed, include before/after.
 ```
 
 ## Testing
@@ -382,67 +318,39 @@ If applicable, add screenshots.
 ### Running Tests
 
 ```bash
-# Run all tests
-npm test
+npm test                 # Vitest unit tests (tests/*.test.js)
+npm run test:watch       # Vitest in watch mode
+npm run test:coverage    # Vitest with v8 coverage
 
-# Run unit tests
-npm run test:unit
-
-# Run integration tests
-npm run test:integration
-
-# Run with coverage
-npm run test:coverage
-
-# Run in watch mode
-npm run test:watch
+npm run build            # required before E2E
+npm run test:e2e         # Playwright E2E (e2e/*.spec.ts)
+npm run test:e2e:headed  # E2E with a visible browser
 ```
 
-### Writing Tests
+> `test:unit` and `test:integration` are aliases for `vitest run` kept for muscle memory — they run the same suite as `npm test`. The real second tier is `test:e2e`.
 
-1. **Test File Location**: Place test files next to the code they test
-2. **Test Structure**: Use describe/it blocks for organization
-3. **Coverage**: Aim for >80% code coverage
-4. **Mocking**: Mock Chrome APIs and external dependencies
+### Writing Tests
 
-#### Example Test
+1. **Unit tests** live in `tests/` as flat `*.test.js` files. Prefer extracting logic into `lib/` and testing the pure function — no `chrome.*` stubs needed. See `lib/icon-paths.js` + `tests/update-icon.test.js` as the canonical pattern.
+2. **E2E tests** live in `e2e/` as flat `*.spec.ts` files and go through the `fixture.ts` helper that launches Chromium with the built `dist/` loaded.
+3. **Screenshot baselines** live under `e2e/__screenshots__/`; update them deliberately (`--update-snapshots`) and review the diffs before committing.
 
-```typescript
-import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
-import { ProxyManager } from './proxyManager';
+#### Example unit test
 
-describe('ProxyManager', () => {
-  let manager: ProxyManager;
+```javascript
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import { resolveIconPaths } from '../lib/icon-paths.js';
 
-  beforeEach(() => {
-    manager = new ProxyManager();
-    vi.clearAllMocks();
+describe('resolveIconPaths', () => {
+  it('direct and system resolve to different icon sets', () => {
+    const direct = resolveIconPaths(undefined, 'direct');
+    const system = resolveIconPaths(undefined, 'system');
+    expect(direct[128]).not.toBe(system[128]);
   });
 
-  describe('addProxy', () => {
-    it('should add a valid proxy', async () => {
-      const proxy = {
-        host: 'proxy.example.com',
-        port: 8080,
-        type: 'http' as const,
-      };
-
-      const result = await manager.addProxy(proxy);
-
-      expect(result).toBeDefined();
-      expect(result.id).toBeDefined();
-      expect(result.host).toBe(proxy.host);
-    });
-
-    it('should reject invalid proxy', async () => {
-      const invalidProxy = {
-        host: '',
-        port: -1,
-        type: 'invalid' as any,
-      };
-
-      await expect(manager.addProxy(invalidProxy)).rejects.toThrow();
-    });
+  it('profile mode uses the profile color', () => {
+    const paths = resolveIconPaths('#FF3B30', 'profile');
+    expect(paths[16]).toMatch(/#?FF3B30/i);
   });
 });
 ```
@@ -451,37 +359,83 @@ describe('ProxyManager', () => {
 
 ### Code Documentation
 
-Use JSDoc comments for functions and classes:
+Default to no comments. Add a short one only when the **why** is non-obvious (hidden constraint, subtle invariant, workaround for a specific bug). Don't explain **what** the code does — names should do that.
+
+JSDoc is encouraged for exported helpers in `lib/`:
 
-```typescript
+```javascript
 /**
- * Creates a new proxy configuration
- * @param config - The proxy configuration object
- * @returns Promise resolving to the created proxy
- * @throws {InvalidConfigError} When configuration is invalid
- * @example
- * ```typescript
- * const proxy = await createProxy({
- *   host: 'proxy.example.com',
- *   port: 8080,
- *   type: 'http'
- * });
- * ```
+ * Resolve the toolbar icon paths for the current mode.
+ * @param {string | undefined} profileColor - hex color of the active profile
+ * @param {'profile' | 'direct' | 'system'} mode
+ * @returns {Record<16|32|48|128, string>}
  */
-export async function createProxy(config: ProxyConfig): Promise<Proxy> {
-  // Implementation
-}
+export function resolveIconPaths(profileColor, mode) { /* ... */ }
+```
+
+## Release Checklist
+
+Version numbers are easy to forget — they live in more places than you'd think, and a stale one in the wrong file (e.g. the JSON-LD `softwareVersion` used by Google search results) is user-visible. Work through this list on every release.
+
+### Tier 1 — every version bump (no exceptions)
+
+| File | What to change |
+| --- | --- |
+| `package.json` | `"version"` field |
+| `package-lock.json` | regenerated automatically by `npm install` after `package.json` bumps — commit it |
+| `manifest.json` | `"version"` field (this is what Chrome Web Store sees) |
+| `options.html` | About panel `<h3>X-Proxy v…</h3>` (user-visible in the extension) |
+| `CHANGELOG.md` | move `[Unreleased]` content into a new `## [x.y.z] - YYYY-MM-DD` section; update the `Last updated:` date at the top |
+| `docs/index.html` | JSON-LD `"softwareVersion"` (schema.org — surfaces in Google SERPs) |
+| `docs/STORE_LISTING.md` | "Current Version" block + push the old version into "Previous Updates" |
+| `README.md` | add a new `### vX.Y.Z ✅ (Current - …)` roadmap entry, and clear any stale `(Current - …)` markers on older versions |
+| `e2e/options.spec.ts` | the About-section test hard-codes the version string (`X-Proxy v…`) — update the assertion |
+| `e2e/__screenshots__/visual.spec.ts/options-about.png` | regenerate so the baseline image shows the new version (see Tier 2 "visual baselines" below — same `npm run test:e2e:update` step handles this) |
+
+### Tier 2 — when user-visible behavior changes
+
+- **Visual baselines (ALWAYS on any CSS / HTML / design-token change)** — run `npm run test:e2e:update` and commit the regenerated PNGs under `e2e/__screenshots__/`. **Then review the PNG diffs in the PR**, not just the file-count delta: a two-pixel shift looks the same as a broken layout in `git diff --stat`. Visual tests that "pass unexpectedly" after a design change are a signal the diff threshold is too loose or the baseline is frozen before the code change landed — treat that as a failure, not a pass.
+- **`README.md`** — feature list, domain-routing callouts, screenshots; and the roadmap bullets under the new version
+- **`options.html`** About panel `Features:` list — if a headline feature shipped or was removed
+- **`docs/STORE_LISTING.md`** — description, screenshots, permissions explanation if a new permission was added
+- **`docs/index.html`** — `featureList[]` array in JSON-LD, and any hero/meta copy
+
+### Tier 3 — when internals change
+
+- **`CLAUDE.md`** — architecture, storage schema (`x-proxy-data`), message protocol, proxy-mode branching, or build/test flow
+- **`CONTRIBUTING.md`** (this file) — dev setup, test commands, project structure, or contribution conventions
+- **`docs/SEO_GUIDE.md`** — only when SEO infrastructure itself changes (meta tags, sitemap, structured data); version string at the top gets the same bump as Tier 1
+
+### Historical / do-not-touch-on-release
+
+- `docs/PRIVACY_POLICY` — only update on actual policy change, not on version bumps
+- `docs/BACKGROUND_SERVICE_IMPLEMENTATION.md` — historical design record
+- `CHANGELOG.md` entries for prior versions — immutable once released
+
+### Sanity check before opening the PR
+
+```bash
+# These two should agree and match the new version
+grep '"version"' package.json manifest.json
+
+# Nothing but CHANGELOG entries for old versions should mention the previous version
+# (replace 1.6.0 with whatever the previous released version was)
+git grep -n 'v1\.6\.0\|1\.6\.0' -- ':!CHANGELOG.md'
+
+# Full E2E suite including visual regression — runs against the built dist/
+npm run build && npm run test:e2e
+
+# Serial E2E suite to rule out worker-parallelism flakes before pushing
+npm run test:e2e -- --workers=1
 ```
 
-### Documentation Updates
+### Things that are *not* caught automatically
 
-When making changes:
+Be aware of the gaps so you don't over-trust the green check:
 
-1. Update inline code comments
-2. Update README if adding features
-3. Update API documentation
-4. Add examples for new features
-5. Update CHANGELOG.md
+- **Single-character text drift** (like "v1.5.1" → "v1.6.1" in a 1280×720 screenshot) is smaller than the `maxDiffPixelRatio: 0.01` threshold. `toHaveScreenshot` will NOT fail on it. Content drift of this shape is caught by `toContainText` assertions (see `e2e/options.spec.ts` About test), not by pixel diff. If you bump the version, both the text assertion AND the baseline image must be updated — Tier 1 covers both.
+- **CSS transition mid-flight values** can fool axe-core's color-contrast rule after `emulateMedia` flips. `e2e/a11y.spec.ts` handles this via a `disableTransitions` helper that must run *before* `emulateMedia`. Use the same pattern if you add new a11y or visual specs that toggle color scheme.
+- **Flakes from worker parallelism** occasionally surface when the same `context.newPage()` is reused across workers. When in doubt, re-run with `--workers=1`; if the failure does not reproduce serially, it's the harness, not your code.
 
 ## License
 
@@ -489,7 +443,7 @@ By contributing, you agree that your contributions will be licensed under the MI
 
 ## Questions?
 
-Feel free to open an issue with the "question" label!
+Open an issue with the `question` label.
 
 ---
 
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index ceffd3c..570e210 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ If you find X-Proxy useful, consider:
 
 ## 📈 Roadmap
 
-### v1.0.0 ✅ (Current - Extension Release)
+### v1.0.0 ✅ (Extension Release)
 - [x] Core proxy switching functionality
 - [x] HTTP/HTTPS, SOCKS5 & PAC support
 - [x] Profile management (create, edit, delete)
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ If you find X-Proxy useful, consider:
 - [x] Enhanced PAC script for blacklist mode
 - [x] Backward compatible with existing profiles
 
-### v1.3.1 ✅ (Current - Bug Fix)
+### v1.3.1 ✅ (Bug Fix)
 - [x] Fixed domain validation for blacklist mode (Issue #9)
 - [x] Added IPv4/IPv6 address support in routing rules
 - [x] Added localhost and simple hostname support
@@ -359,6 +359,12 @@ If you find X-Proxy useful, consider:
 - [x] **Schema v2 migration** — new top-level `mode` field replaces the implicit "no active profile = system" convention; automatic v1 → v2 upgrade for existing users
 - [x] **Options page dark mode + token cleanup** — restored missing `--border-radius` / `--transition` tokens, added `prefers-color-scheme: dark` support, aligned focus/danger colors with the iOS palette
 
+### v1.6.1 ✅ (Current - Icon & Popup Polish)
+- [x] **Distinct Direct-mode toolbar icon** — Direct now renders a green arrow icon family so it's visually distinguishable from System's gray inactive icon ([#28](https://github.com/helebest/x-proxy/issues/28) tail)
+- [x] **Popup empty-state cleanup** — hides the redundant header "+" while the profile list is empty so the big "Add your first profile" CTA is the single obvious action ([#36](https://github.com/helebest/x-proxy/issues/36))
+- [x] **Reduced active-mode signaling** from 4 indicators to 2 — removed the animated status dot and per-card ✓ check; selection is carried by the blue gradient + white-inherited icon alone
+- [x] **New `lib/icon-paths.js` helper** and regression guards (`tests/update-icon.test.js`, `e2e/popup-visual-simplicity.spec.ts`, `e2e/icon-differentiation.spec.ts`, `e2e/popup-visual.spec.ts` screenshot baselines)
+
 ### v2.0.0 (Future)
 - [ ] Profile sharing via URL
 - [ ] Connection testing
diff --git a/docs/SEO_GUIDE.md b/docs/SEO_GUIDE.md
index 919dcaf..c3d2330 100644
--- a/docs/SEO_GUIDE.md
+++ b/docs/SEO_GUIDE.md
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # X-Proxy SEO 优化指南
 
-**最后更新**: 2026-03-06
-**当前版本**: v1.4.0
+**最后更新**: 2026-04-23
+**当前版本**: v1.6.1
 
 ---
 
diff --git a/docs/STORE_LISTING.md b/docs/STORE_LISTING.md
index d4882a8..f7d7310 100644
--- a/docs/STORE_LISTING.md
+++ b/docs/STORE_LISTING.md
@@ -88,12 +88,13 @@ X-Proxy respects your privacy:
 
 ### 🔄 Current Version
 
-**Version 1.6.0** - Direct Connection Mode + UI Polish
-• New Direct Connection mode bypasses all proxies (including OS/IE-wide settings)
-• Schema v2 with automatic one-way migration — existing users unaffected
-• Options page now supports dark mode; refined focus rings and danger colors
+**Version 1.6.1** - Icon & Popup Polish
+• Direct mode now has a distinct green toolbar icon so it's visually distinguishable from System mode
+• Popup empty-state cleanup — the redundant header "+" is hidden when no profiles exist
+• Reduced active-mode signaling from 4 indicators to 2 for less visual noise
 
 **Previous Updates:**
+• v1.6.0: Direct Connection mode that bypasses all proxies (incl. OS/IE-wide settings); schema v2 migration; options dark mode
 • v1.5.2: Removed backdrop blur effect for smooth UI on low-end hardware (no GPU required)
 • v1.5.1: Dynamic toolbar icon colors, dark mode polish
 • v1.5.0: PAC (Proxy Auto-Configuration) file support
diff --git a/docs/index.html b/docs/index.html
index 2fc1502..211081a 100644
--- a/docs/index.html
+++ b/docs/index.html
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
         "worstRating": "1"
       },
       "description": "Free Chrome proxy switcher with HTTP, HTTPS, SOCKS5, and PAC file support. Quick switching, profile management, and privacy-focused design.",
-      "softwareVersion": "1.6.0",
+      "softwareVersion": "1.6.1",
       "author": {
         "@type": "Person",
         "name": "helebest",
diff --git a/e2e/__screenshots__/modal-visual.spec.ts/modal-add-dark.png b/e2e/__screenshots__/modal-visual.spec.ts/modal-add-dark.png
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diff --git a/e2e/__screenshots__/modal-visual.spec.ts/modal-edit-dark.png b/e2e/__screenshots__/modal-visual.spec.ts/modal-edit-dark.png
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diff --git a/e2e/__screenshots__/modal-visual.spec.ts/options-profiles-dark.png b/e2e/__screenshots__/modal-visual.spec.ts/options-profiles-dark.png
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diff --git a/e2e/__screenshots__/popup-visual.spec.ts/popup-direct-active.png b/e2e/__screenshots__/popup-visual.spec.ts/popup-direct-active.png
index b25f13d..cf9d391 100644
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diff --git a/e2e/__screenshots__/popup-visual.spec.ts/popup-empty-state.png b/e2e/__screenshots__/popup-visual.spec.ts/popup-empty-state.png
index 27a003f..52da218 100644
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diff --git a/e2e/__screenshots__/popup-visual.spec.ts/popup-has-profiles.png b/e2e/__screenshots__/popup-visual.spec.ts/popup-has-profiles.png
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diff --git a/e2e/__screenshots__/popup-visual.spec.ts/popup-profile-active.png b/e2e/__screenshots__/popup-visual.spec.ts/popup-profile-active.png
index 98548e9..b7c6a61 100644
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diff --git a/e2e/__screenshots__/popup-visual.spec.ts/popup-system-active.png b/e2e/__screenshots__/popup-visual.spec.ts/popup-system-active.png
index fc1d123..c891fc5 100644
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diff --git a/e2e/__screenshots__/visual.spec.ts/options-profiles.png b/e2e/__screenshots__/visual.spec.ts/options-profiles.png
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diff --git a/e2e/__screenshots__/visual.spec.ts/popup-dark.png b/e2e/__screenshots__/visual.spec.ts/popup-dark.png
index 04438aa..b1ade38 100644
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diff --git a/e2e/__screenshots__/visual.spec.ts/popup-default.png b/e2e/__screenshots__/visual.spec.ts/popup-default.png
index 31a7725..c891fc5 100644
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diff --git a/e2e/a11y.spec.ts b/e2e/a11y.spec.ts
index 3a94225..6b9d147 100644
--- a/e2e/a11y.spec.ts
+++ b/e2e/a11y.spec.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import AxeBuilder from '@axe-core/playwright'
 import { test, expect, type Page } from './fixture'
+import { disableTransitions } from './helpers'
 
 // Known preexisting violations — filtered here so the suite passes today while
 // NEW regressions still fail. Keep this list minimal and annotated: each entry
@@ -48,31 +49,39 @@ async function openEditModal(optionsPage: Page) {
 }
 
 test.describe('Accessibility — color contrast', () => {
+  // NOTE: disableTransitions MUST run before emulateMedia. Otherwise, the
+  // transitions are already armed at the moment the media flip happens, and
+  // the in-flight color animation is what the !important rule can't unwind.
   test('popup passes color-contrast in light mode', async ({ popupPage }) => {
+    await disableTransitions(popupPage)
     await popupPage.emulateMedia({ colorScheme: 'light' })
     const violations = await scanContrast(popupPage)
     expect(violations, JSON.stringify(violations, null, 2)).toEqual([])
   })
 
   test('popup passes color-contrast in dark mode', async ({ popupPage }) => {
+    await disableTransitions(popupPage)
     await popupPage.emulateMedia({ colorScheme: 'dark' })
     const violations = await scanContrast(popupPage)
     expect(violations, JSON.stringify(violations, null, 2)).toEqual([])
   })
 
   test('options profiles page passes color-contrast in light mode', async ({ optionsPage }) => {
+    await disableTransitions(optionsPage)
     await optionsPage.emulateMedia({ colorScheme: 'light' })
     const violations = await scanContrast(optionsPage)
     expect(violations, JSON.stringify(violations, null, 2)).toEqual([])
   })
 
   test('options profiles page passes color-contrast in dark mode', async ({ optionsPage }) => {
+    await disableTransitions(optionsPage)
     await optionsPage.emulateMedia({ colorScheme: 'dark' })
     const violations = await scanContrast(optionsPage)
     expect(violations, JSON.stringify(violations, null, 2)).toEqual([])
   })
 
   test('Edit Profile modal passes color-contrast in dark mode', async ({ optionsPage }) => {
+    await disableTransitions(optionsPage)
     await optionsPage.emulateMedia({ colorScheme: 'dark' })
     await openEditModal(optionsPage)
 
diff --git a/e2e/helpers.ts b/e2e/helpers.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6c1541
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/helpers.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import type { Page } from '@playwright/test'
+
+/**
+ * Disable all CSS transitions and animations on the page.
+ *
+ * Must run **before** `page.emulateMedia({ colorScheme: ... })` when a test
+ * flips the color scheme. Rationale observed empirically:
+ *   emulateMedia flips :root custom properties synchronously, but elements
+ *   with `transition: all var(--transition-base)` animate their resolved
+ *   color between the old and new var() value over the transition duration
+ *   (~250ms in this design system). Axe / toHaveScreenshot sampling during
+ *   that window read intermediate rgba values and report spurious diffs.
+ *
+ * `playwright.config.ts`'s `toHaveScreenshot.animations: 'disabled'` only
+ * applies to screenshots. Axe runs in-page JS and needs CSS-level
+ * suppression. This helper handles both.
+ *
+ * Shared between a11y.spec.ts and modal-visual.spec.ts — extracted because
+ * the code was a verbatim duplicate.
+ */
+export async function disableTransitions(page: Page): Promise<void> {
+  await page.addStyleTag({
+    content: `*, *::before, *::after {
+      transition: none !important;
+      animation-duration: 0s !important;
+      animation-delay: 0s !important;
+    }`,
+  })
+}
diff --git a/e2e/keyboard-nav.spec.ts b/e2e/keyboard-nav.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3582ff0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/keyboard-nav.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+import { test, expect, type Page } from './fixture'
+
+// Keyboard-navigation behavior tests for options.js modal.
+//
+// Written TDD-style: all assertions below fail against the codebase as of
+// v1.6.1 because options.js ships no Escape-to-close handler, no focus
+// return after modal close, and no focus trap inside the modal. The
+// implementation that makes these green lives alongside this spec in the
+// same change — see options.js changes paired with this file.
+//
+// Why keyboard nav matters here: the WCAG 2.1.2 "No Keyboard Trap"
+// criterion requires that a modal dialog give keyboard users a way out
+// without a pointer. The existing a11y.spec.ts only checks color contrast,
+// so keyboard-accessibility regressions ship unchecked.
+
+async function seedOneProfile(page: Page) {
+  await page.evaluate(async () => {
+    await chrome.storage.local.set({
+      'x-proxy-data': {
+        version: 2,
+        mode: 'system',
+        activeProfileId: undefined,
+        profiles: [{
+          id: 'p-keyboard',
+          name: 'Sample Profile',
+          color: '#007AFF',
+          config: {
+            type: 'http',
+            host: '127.0.0.1',
+            port: 8080,
+            auth: { username: '', password: '' },
+          },
+          createdAt: 0,
+          updatedAt: 0,
+          tags: [],
+        }],
+        settings: {},
+      },
+    })
+  })
+}
+
+test.describe('Keyboard navigation — modal dialogs', () => {
+  test('pressing Escape closes the Add Profile modal', async ({ optionsPage }) => {
+    await optionsPage.click('#addProfileBtn')
+    await expect(optionsPage.locator('#profileModal')).toHaveClass(/show/)
+
+    await optionsPage.keyboard.press('Escape')
+
+    await expect(optionsPage.locator('#profileModal')).not.toHaveClass(/show/)
+  })
+
+  test('pressing Escape closes the Edit Profile modal', async ({ optionsPage }) => {
+    await seedOneProfile(optionsPage)
+    await optionsPage.reload()
+    await optionsPage.waitForLoadState('domcontentloaded')
+    await optionsPage.waitForTimeout(500)
+
+    await optionsPage.click('[data-action="edit"]')
+    await expect(optionsPage.locator('#profileModal')).toHaveClass(/show/)
+    await expect(optionsPage.locator('#profileModalTitle')).toHaveText('Edit Proxy Profile')
+
+    await optionsPage.keyboard.press('Escape')
+
+    await expect(optionsPage.locator('#profileModal')).not.toHaveClass(/show/)
+  })
+
+  test('Escape on Add modal returns focus to the triggering button', async ({ optionsPage }) => {
+    // Focus discipline: when a modal opens via #addProfileBtn and the user
+    // closes it with Escape, focus should return to #addProfileBtn so the
+    // keyboard user stays in context. Without this, focus falls back to
+    // <body> and the user has to Tab from the top of the page again.
+    await optionsPage.focus('#addProfileBtn')
+    await optionsPage.keyboard.press('Enter')
+    await expect(optionsPage.locator('#profileModal')).toHaveClass(/show/)
+
+    await optionsPage.keyboard.press('Escape')
+    await expect(optionsPage.locator('#profileModal')).not.toHaveClass(/show/)
+
+    const focused = await optionsPage.evaluate(() => document.activeElement?.id)
+    expect(focused).toBe('addProfileBtn')
+  })
+
+  test('modal receives initial focus on its first input when opened', async ({ optionsPage }) => {
+    // A keyboard user opening the modal should land on the first form field
+    // (#profileName) so they can start typing immediately. Without auto-
+    // focus, the cursor is stranded on the button behind the modal.
+    await optionsPage.click('#addProfileBtn')
+    await expect(optionsPage.locator('#profileModal')).toHaveClass(/show/)
+
+    const focused = await optionsPage.evaluate(() => document.activeElement?.id)
+    expect(focused).toBe('profileName')
+  })
+
+  test('Tab on the last focusable inside the modal wraps back into the modal', async ({ optionsPage }) => {
+    // Without a focus trap, Tab from #saveProfileBtn bleeds into the page
+    // behind the modal (footer Save All, sidebar nav items). A keyboard
+    // user then loses track of where they are — the modal is visually open
+    // but their keyboard is driving the background. The trap must wrap.
+    await optionsPage.click('#addProfileBtn')
+    await expect(optionsPage.locator('#profileModal')).toHaveClass(/show/)
+
+    await optionsPage.focus('#saveProfileBtn')
+    await optionsPage.keyboard.press('Tab')
+
+    const info = await optionsPage.evaluate(() => {
+      const modal = document.getElementById('profileModal')!
+      return {
+        id: document.activeElement?.id,
+        insideModal: modal.contains(document.activeElement),
+      }
+    })
+    expect(info.insideModal).toBe(true)
+    // Strongest assertion that doesn't over-specify DOM order: focus should
+    // have landed on the X close button (the first focusable in DOM order
+    // inside the modal). If the order changes intentionally, update both
+    // this expectation and the trap's "first focusable" logic in lockstep.
+    expect(info.id).toBe('closeProfileModal')
+  })
+
+  test('Shift+Tab on the first focusable inside the modal wraps to the last', async ({ optionsPage }) => {
+    await optionsPage.click('#addProfileBtn')
+    await expect(optionsPage.locator('#profileModal')).toHaveClass(/show/)
+
+    await optionsPage.focus('#closeProfileModal')
+    await optionsPage.keyboard.press('Shift+Tab')
+
+    const info = await optionsPage.evaluate(() => {
+      const modal = document.getElementById('profileModal')!
+      return {
+        id: document.activeElement?.id,
+        insideModal: modal.contains(document.activeElement),
+      }
+    })
+    expect(info.insideModal).toBe(true)
+    expect(info.id).toBe('saveProfileBtn')
+  })
+})
diff --git a/e2e/migration.spec.ts b/e2e/migration.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f641014
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/migration.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+import { test, expect, type Page } from './fixture'
+
+// E2E regression guard for v1 → v2 storage migration.
+//
+// lib/storage-migration.js has exhaustive Vitest unit tests in
+// tests/mode-migration.test.js (11 cases covering every branch). This spec
+// exists to catch a different class of regression: someone unhooking
+// migrateData() from the read or write path, which unit tests would not
+// detect because they call the function directly.
+//
+// Scope note — what's NOT tested here and why:
+//   UI-level "seed v1 → popup shows migrated mode" would be complementary
+//   but requires forcing the background service worker to re-initialize
+//   against the seeded data (the worker caches its state on first boot).
+//   chrome.runtime.reload() in a persistent Playwright context leaves the
+//   extension in a transient ERR_BLOCKED_BY_CLIENT state that does not
+//   reliably clear within a reasonable timeout. With full unit coverage
+//   already in place, the E2E value is in *integration* — that migrate is
+//   actually wired up on read + write — which the three tests below cover.
+//
+// The three tests pin down integration invariants that would silently
+// break if someone bypassed migrateData():
+//   - Read path is non-destructive (storage stays v1 when only read)
+//   - First write through the System button upgrades to v2
+//   - First write through the Direct button also upgrades to v2 with the
+//     distinct mode value (covers v2's raison d'être branch — Direct vs
+//     System — that the System-only test wouldn't distinguish)
+
+type V1Profile = { id: string; name: string; type: string; host: string; port: number }
+
+async function seedV1(page: Page, shape: {
+  activeProfileId?: string
+  profiles?: V1Profile[]
+}) {
+  await page.evaluate(async (data) => {
+    await chrome.storage.local.set({
+      'x-proxy-data': {
+        version: 1,
+        profiles: data.profiles || [],
+        activeProfileId: data.activeProfileId,
+        settings: {},
+      },
+    })
+  }, shape)
+}
+
+async function readStorageRaw(page: Page) {
+  return page.evaluate(async () => {
+    const result = await chrome.storage.local.get(['x-proxy-data'])
+    return result['x-proxy-data']
+  })
+}
+
+const SAMPLE_PROFILE: V1Profile = {
+  id: 'p1',
+  name: 'Sample',
+  type: 'http',
+  host: '127.0.0.1',
+  port: 8080,
+}
+
+test.describe('Storage migration v1 → v2 (integration guard)', () => {
+  test('reading v1 data through the popup does not mutate storage shape', async ({ popupPage }) => {
+    // Invariant: migrateData() is pure. popup.js calls it for rendering
+    // state, which must NOT silently rewrite storage to v2 — that would
+    // mutate user data on mere popup opens and mask read-path bugs. If
+    // someone adds a "helpful" auto-persist in the read path, this fails.
+    await seedV1(popupPage, {
+      profiles: [SAMPLE_PROFILE],
+      activeProfileId: 'p1',
+    })
+    await popupPage.reload()
+    await popupPage.waitForLoadState('domcontentloaded')
+    await popupPage.waitForTimeout(500)
+
+    const raw = await readStorageRaw(popupPage)
+    // Still v1-shaped: version=1, no top-level `mode` field.
+    expect(raw.version).toBe(1)
+    expect(raw.mode).toBeUndefined()
+    expect(raw.activeProfileId).toBe('p1')
+  })
+
+  test('clicking System after v1 data is present upgrades storage to v2', async ({ popupPage }) => {
+    // When an action actually persists state, v2 shape takes over. This
+    // pins down the "lazy-upgrade-on-first-write" contract. If someone
+    // disconnects migrateData() from the write path, or forgets to set
+    // version: SCHEMA_VERSION in writeData(), this fails.
+    await seedV1(popupPage, {
+      profiles: [SAMPLE_PROFILE],
+      activeProfileId: 'p1',
+    })
+    await popupPage.reload()
+    await popupPage.waitForLoadState('domcontentloaded')
+    await popupPage.waitForTimeout(500)
+
+    await popupPage.click('#systemProxy')
+    await popupPage.waitForTimeout(500)
+
+    const raw = await readStorageRaw(popupPage)
+    expect(raw.version).toBe(2)
+    expect(raw.mode).toBe('system')
+    expect(raw.activeProfileId).toBeUndefined()
+    // Profiles array is preserved through the upgrade.
+    expect(raw.profiles).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(raw.profiles[0].id).toBe('p1')
+  })
+
+  test('clicking Direct after v1 data is present upgrades storage to v2 with mode=direct', async ({ popupPage }) => {
+    // Same write-path guard for Direct mode, since Direct is newer (1.6.0)
+    // and the v2 schema was introduced specifically to represent it
+    // distinctly from System. A regression that collapses Direct back onto
+    // System would not be caught by the previous test alone.
+    await seedV1(popupPage, {
+      profiles: [SAMPLE_PROFILE],
+      activeProfileId: 'p1',
+    })
+    await popupPage.reload()
+    await popupPage.waitForLoadState('domcontentloaded')
+    await popupPage.waitForTimeout(500)
+
+    await popupPage.click('#directConnection')
+    await popupPage.waitForTimeout(500)
+
+    const raw = await readStorageRaw(popupPage)
+    expect(raw.version).toBe(2)
+    expect(raw.mode).toBe('direct')
+    expect(raw.activeProfileId).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+})
diff --git a/e2e/modal-visual.spec.ts b/e2e/modal-visual.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5b774e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/modal-visual.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+import { test, expect, type Page } from './fixture'
+import { disableTransitions } from './helpers'
+
+// Visual baselines for screens that were previously uncovered by the visual
+// regression suite: the Add / Edit Profile modal (in both themes) and the
+// Options page in dark mode. Without these, dark-mode contrast fixes such as
+// #34 / #35 had no pixel-level guard — the next accidental revert would ship
+// undetected. See plan distributed-cuddling-quilt.md Phase 2.
+//
+// Global threshold is now maxDiffPixelRatio: 0.01 (playwright.config.ts) so
+// these baselines have ~1% of pixels as tolerance — tight enough that real
+// design-token regressions fail, loose enough that font antialiasing noise
+// does not. One exception documented at the offending test below.
+
+// Seed a single deterministic profile into chrome.storage.local so the Edit
+// Profile modal has a real card to trigger from. Shape matches v2 schema as
+// written in lib/storage-migration.js so no migration hops happen mid-test.
+async function seedSingleProfile(page: Page) {
+  await page.evaluate(async () => {
+    await chrome.storage.local.set({
+      'x-proxy-data': {
+        version: 2,
+        mode: 'system',
+        activeProfileId: undefined,
+        profiles: [
+          {
+            id: 'p-modal-visual',
+            name: 'Sample HTTP Profile',
+            color: '#007AFF',
+            config: {
+              type: 'http',
+              host: '127.0.0.1',
+              port: 8080,
+              auth: { username: '', password: '' },
+            },
+            createdAt: 0,
+            updatedAt: 0,
+            tags: [],
+          },
+        ],
+        settings: {},
+      },
+    })
+  })
+}
+
+async function openAddModal(page: Page) {
+  await page.click('#addProfileBtn')
+  await expect(page.locator('#profileModal')).toHaveClass(/show/)
+}
+
+async function openEditModal(page: Page) {
+  await page.click('[data-action="edit"]')
+  await expect(page.locator('#profileModal')).toHaveClass(/show/)
+  await expect(page.locator('#profileModalTitle')).toHaveText('Edit Proxy Profile')
+}
+
+test.describe('Modal visual baselines (Phase 2)', () => {
+  test('Add Profile modal — light mode', async ({ optionsPage }) => {
+    await disableTransitions(optionsPage)
+    await optionsPage.emulateMedia({ colorScheme: 'light' })
+    await openAddModal(optionsPage)
+    await expect(optionsPage).toHaveScreenshot('modal-add-light.png')
+  })
+
+  test('Add Profile modal — dark mode', async ({ optionsPage }) => {
+    await disableTransitions(optionsPage)
+    await optionsPage.emulateMedia({ colorScheme: 'dark' })
+    await openAddModal(optionsPage)
+    await expect(optionsPage).toHaveScreenshot('modal-add-dark.png')
+  })
+
+  test('Edit Profile modal — light mode', async ({ optionsPage }) => {
+    await optionsPage.emulateMedia({ colorScheme: 'light' })
+    await seedSingleProfile(optionsPage)
+    await optionsPage.reload()
+    await optionsPage.waitForLoadState('domcontentloaded')
+    // addStyleTag is wiped by reload — re-apply in the new document.
+    await disableTransitions(optionsPage)
+    await openEditModal(optionsPage)
+    await expect(optionsPage).toHaveScreenshot('modal-edit-light.png')
+  })
+
+  test('Edit Profile modal — dark mode', async ({ optionsPage }) => {
+    await optionsPage.emulateMedia({ colorScheme: 'dark' })
+    await seedSingleProfile(optionsPage)
+    await optionsPage.reload()
+    await optionsPage.waitForLoadState('domcontentloaded')
+    await disableTransitions(optionsPage)
+    await openEditModal(optionsPage)
+    await expect(optionsPage).toHaveScreenshot('modal-edit-dark.png')
+  })
+})
+
+test.describe('Options page dark mode baselines (Phase 2)', () => {
+  test('Profiles section — dark mode', async ({ optionsPage }) => {
+    await disableTransitions(optionsPage)
+    await optionsPage.emulateMedia({ colorScheme: 'dark' })
+    await expect(optionsPage).toHaveScreenshot('options-profiles-dark.png')
+  })
+
+  test('About section — dark mode', async ({ optionsPage }) => {
+    await disableTransitions(optionsPage)
+    await optionsPage.emulateMedia({ colorScheme: 'dark' })
+    await optionsPage.click('[data-section="about"]')
+    await expect(optionsPage.locator('#about-section')).toBeVisible()
+    // maxDiffPixelRatio: 0.03 overrides the global 0.01 for this single
+    // test. Justification: the About page is text-heaviest in the whole UI
+    // (version line, description paragraph, nine-item feature list with
+    // ✓ glyphs, link row). Observed cross-OS font-hinting drift on CI's
+    // Linux + Xvfb measured 9636 pixels (~2.08%) vs a baseline generated
+    // on macOS. No other baseline in this spec file crosses 1%, so the
+    // override stays narrowly scoped to the one test where text density
+    // meets cross-OS rendering divergence. The 0.03 ceiling still leaves
+    // tokens / layout regressions catchable (a typical "wrong color on
+    // button" change is tens of thousands of pixels, an order of
+    // magnitude above this floor).
+    await expect(optionsPage).toHaveScreenshot('options-about-dark.png', { maxDiffPixelRatio: 0.03 })
+  })
+})
diff --git a/e2e/options.spec.ts b/e2e/options.spec.ts
index 1960683..a2603b5 100644
--- a/e2e/options.spec.ts
+++ b/e2e/options.spec.ts
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ test.describe('Options Page - About Section', () => {
   test('should navigate to About section', async ({ optionsPage }) => {
     await optionsPage.click('[data-section="about"]')
     await expect(optionsPage.locator('#about-section')).toBeVisible()
-    await expect(optionsPage.locator('#about-section')).toContainText('X-Proxy v1.6.0')
+    await expect(optionsPage.locator('#about-section')).toContainText('X-Proxy v1.6.1')
   })
 
   test('should show feature list', async ({ optionsPage }) => {
diff --git a/e2e/popup-visual.spec.ts b/e2e/popup-visual.spec.ts
index 8f94ca0..18d7781 100644
--- a/e2e/popup-visual.spec.ts
+++ b/e2e/popup-visual.spec.ts
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ function testProfile(id = 'p-visual-snapshot') {
 test.describe('Popup visual baselines (1.6.1)', () => {
   test('empty state — only big CTA, no header "+"', async ({ popupPage }) => {
     await expect(popupPage.locator('#emptyState')).toBeVisible()
-    await expect(popupPage).toHaveScreenshot('popup-empty-state.png', { maxDiffPixelRatio: 0.02 })
+    await expect(popupPage).toHaveScreenshot('popup-empty-state.png')
   })
 
   test('populated state — header "+" visible, empty CTA gone', async ({ popupPage }) => {
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ test.describe('Popup visual baselines (1.6.1)', () => {
     await popupPage.waitForTimeout(500)
 
     await expect(popupPage.locator('.profile-item')).toHaveCount(1)
-    await expect(popupPage).toHaveScreenshot('popup-has-profiles.png', { maxDiffPixelRatio: 0.02 })
+    await expect(popupPage).toHaveScreenshot('popup-has-profiles.png')
   })
 
   test('Direct mode active — no checkmark, no status dot', async ({ popupPage }) => {
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ test.describe('Popup visual baselines (1.6.1)', () => {
     await popupPage.waitForTimeout(300)
 
     await expect(popupPage.locator('#directConnection')).toHaveClass(/selected/)
-    await expect(popupPage).toHaveScreenshot('popup-direct-active.png', { maxDiffPixelRatio: 0.02 })
+    await expect(popupPage).toHaveScreenshot('popup-direct-active.png')
   })
 
   test('System mode active — no checkmark, no status dot', async ({ popupPage }) => {
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ test.describe('Popup visual baselines (1.6.1)', () => {
     await popupPage.waitForTimeout(300)
 
     await expect(popupPage.locator('#systemProxy')).toHaveClass(/selected/)
-    await expect(popupPage).toHaveScreenshot('popup-system-active.png', { maxDiffPixelRatio: 0.02 })
+    await expect(popupPage).toHaveScreenshot('popup-system-active.png')
   })
 
   test('Profile active — no checkmark on profile-item.active', async ({ popupPage }) => {
@@ -72,6 +72,6 @@ test.describe('Popup visual baselines (1.6.1)', () => {
     await popupPage.waitForTimeout(400)
 
     await expect(popupPage.locator('.profile-item.active')).toHaveCount(1)
-    await expect(popupPage).toHaveScreenshot('popup-profile-active.png', { maxDiffPixelRatio: 0.02 })
+    await expect(popupPage).toHaveScreenshot('popup-profile-active.png')
   })
 })
diff --git a/options.html b/options.html
index c6440fa..776f7ae 100644
--- a/options.html
+++ b/options.html
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ <h2>About X-Proxy</h2>
             </div>
             
             <div class="about-info">
-              <h3>X-Proxy v1.6.0</h3>
+              <h3>X-Proxy v1.6.1</h3>
               <p>A modern proxy switcher for Chrome with HTTP(S), SOCKS5, and PAC support</p>
 
               <div class="about-details">
diff --git a/options.js b/options.js
index 1ecfd36..b15eaa1 100644
--- a/options.js
+++ b/options.js
@@ -200,6 +200,40 @@ class OptionsManager {
     document.getElementById('cancelProfileBtn').addEventListener('click', () => this.hideProfileModal());
     document.getElementById('closeProfileModal').addEventListener('click', () => this.hideProfileModal());
 
+    // Keyboard handling for the profile modal.
+    //   Escape  → close the modal. Previously there was no way out without
+    //             pointer or Tab-hunting for Cancel; this clears the WCAG
+    //             2.1.2 "No Keyboard Trap" bar.
+    //   Tab     → wrap focus inside the modal (WAI-ARIA dialog pattern).
+    //             Without this, Tab from Save leaks to #saveAllBtn / sidebar
+    //             so the user is visually inside the modal but typing into
+    //             the page behind it.
+    document.addEventListener('keydown', (e) => {
+      const modal = document.getElementById('profileModal');
+      if (!modal || !modal.classList.contains('show')) return;
+
+      if (e.key === 'Escape') {
+        e.preventDefault();
+        this.hideProfileModal();
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (e.key === 'Tab') {
+        const focusables = this.getModalFocusables(modal);
+        if (focusables.length === 0) return;
+        const first = focusables[0];
+        const last = focusables[focusables.length - 1];
+        const active = document.activeElement;
+        if (e.shiftKey && active === first) {
+          e.preventDefault();
+          last.focus();
+        } else if (!e.shiftKey && active === last) {
+          e.preventDefault();
+          first.focus();
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
     // Proxy type change handler
     document.getElementById('proxyType').addEventListener('change', (e) => this.handleProxyTypeChange(e));
 
@@ -367,6 +401,9 @@ class OptionsManager {
 
   showProfileModal(profile = null) {
     this.editingProfile = profile;
+    // Remember which element was focused before the modal opened so we can
+    // return focus there on close (WCAG 2.4.3 focus order).
+    this.lastFocusedBeforeModal = document.activeElement;
     const modal = document.getElementById('profileModal');
     const title = document.getElementById('profileModalTitle');
 
@@ -429,11 +466,42 @@ class OptionsManager {
 
     this.handleProxyTypeChange({ target: { value: profile?.config?.type || profile?.type || 'http' } });
     modal.classList.add('show');
+    // Land the user on the first input so they can type immediately instead
+    // of being stranded behind the modal. .focus() moves activeElement
+    // synchronously even if the element is not yet painted.
+    document.getElementById('profileName').focus();
   }
 
   hideProfileModal() {
     document.getElementById('profileModal').classList.remove('show');
     this.editingProfile = null;
+    // Return focus to the element that opened the modal (typically
+    // #addProfileBtn or an Edit button). Falls through quietly if that
+    // element was removed in the meantime.
+    const returnTo = this.lastFocusedBeforeModal;
+    this.lastFocusedBeforeModal = null;
+    if (returnTo && typeof returnTo.focus === 'function' && document.contains(returnTo)) {
+      returnTo.focus();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Enumerate visible, enabled tabbable elements inside the modal in DOM
+  // order, for the Tab / Shift+Tab focus-trap handler. offsetParent === null
+  // filters out elements hidden by display:none on themselves or an ancestor
+  // — this matters because #pacDetails / #proxyDetails / #routingRulesPanel
+  // toggle visibility based on proxy type, and #domainListTextarea is hidden
+  // unless the routing toggle is on.
+  getModalFocusables(modal) {
+    const selector = [
+      'a[href]',
+      'button:not([disabled])',
+      'input:not([disabled]):not([type="hidden"])',
+      'select:not([disabled])',
+      'textarea:not([disabled])',
+      '[tabindex]:not([tabindex="-1"])',
+    ].join(',');
+    return Array.from(modal.querySelectorAll(selector))
+      .filter(el => el.offsetParent !== null);
   }
 
   handleProxyTypeChange(e) {
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 2cf4488..9ae2152 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@
     "test:integration": "vitest run",
     "test:coverage": "vitest run",
     "test:e2e": "playwright test",
-    "test:e2e:headed": "playwright test --headed"
+    "test:e2e:headed": "playwright test --headed",
+    "test:e2e:update": "playwright test --update-snapshots"
   },
   "keywords": [
     "vite",
diff --git a/playwright.config.ts b/playwright.config.ts
index c5dc8ab..ff44f50 100644
--- a/playwright.config.ts
+++ b/playwright.config.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,12 @@ export default defineConfig({
   retries: 0,
   expect: {
     toHaveScreenshot: {
-      maxDiffPixelRatio: 0.05,
+      // 0.01 = 1% of pixels. A 1280×720 page = ~9,216-pixel budget.
+      // Previous 0.05 (~46k pixels) silently absorbed entire text changes like
+      // "X-Proxy v1.5.1" → "X-Proxy v1.6.1" and let baselines drift 3 versions
+      // without CI ever complaining. 0.01 still tolerates font-rendering
+      // subpixel noise without hiding real content changes.
+      maxDiffPixelRatio: 0.01,
       animations: 'disabled',
     },
   },