diff --git a/mio/data/config/wireless/wireless-200px.yml b/mio/data/config/wireless/wireless-200px.yml
index 75aa4ad3..fd3d31dc 100644
--- a/mio/data/config/wireless/wireless-200px.yml
+++ b/mio/data/config/wireless/wireless-200px.yml
@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@ adc_scale:
   bitdepth: 8
   battery_div_factor: 5
   vin_div_factor: 11.3
+  battery_max_voltage: 10.0
+  vin_max_voltage: 20.0
 
 runtime:
   serial_buffer_queue_size: 10
diff --git a/mio/models/stream.py b/mio/models/stream.py
index 61664c46..644fdf07 100644
--- a/mio/models/stream.py
+++ b/mio/models/stream.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Literal, Optional, Union
 
-from pydantic import Field, computed_field, field_validator
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, PrivateAttr, field_validator
 
 from mio import DEVICE_DIR
 from mio.models import MiniscopeConfig
@@ -14,6 +14,54 @@
 from mio.models.sinks import CSVWriterConfig, StreamPlotterConfig
 
 
+class ScaledValue(BaseModel):
+    """
+    A value that has been scaled from a raw value
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    raw: float
+        The raw value
+    scaled: float
+        The scaled value
+    """
+
+    scaling_factor: float = Field(
+        ...,
+        description="Scaling factor applied to the raw value",
+    )
+    maximum: Optional[float] = Field(
+        None,
+        description="Maximum value for the scaled value",
+    )
+    minimum: Optional[float] = Field(
+        None,
+        description="Minimum value for the scaled value",
+    )
+
+    def scale(self, value: int) -> float:
+        """
+        Scale a raw value to a scaled value. If the scaled value is outside of the
+        minimum or maximum bounds, return -1.0
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        value : int
+            The raw value to scale
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        float
+            The scaled value
+        """
+        scaled_value = float(value) * self.scaling_factor
+        if (self.minimum is not None and scaled_value < self.minimum) or (
+            self.maximum is not None and scaled_value > self.maximum
+        ):
+            return -1.0
+        return scaled_value
+
+
 class ADCScaling(MiniscopeConfig):
     """
     Configuration for the ADC scaling factors
@@ -35,30 +83,16 @@ class ADCScaling(MiniscopeConfig):
         11.3,
         description="Voltage divider factor for the Vin voltage",
     )
-
-    def scale_battery_voltage(self, voltage_raw: float) -> float:
-        """
-        Scale raw input ADC voltage to Volts
-
-        Args:
-            voltage_raw: Voltage as output by the ADC
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Scaled voltage
-        """
-        return voltage_raw / 2**self.bitdepth * self.ref_voltage * self.battery_div_factor
-
-    def scale_input_voltage(self, voltage_raw: float) -> float:
-        """
-        Scale raw input ADC voltage to Volts
-
-        Args:
-            voltage_raw: Voltage as output by the ADC
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Scaled voltage
-        """
-        return voltage_raw / 2**self.bitdepth * self.ref_voltage * self.vin_div_factor
+    battery_max_voltage: float = Field(
+        10.0,
+        description="Maximum voltage of the battery."
+        "Scaled battery voltage will be -1 if it is greater than this value",
+    )
+    vin_max_voltage: float = Field(
+        20.0,
+        description="Maximum voltage of the Vin"
+        "Scaled Vin voltage will be -1 if it is greater than this value",
+    )
 
 
 class StreamBufferHeaderFormat(BufferHeaderFormat):
@@ -82,48 +116,61 @@ class StreamBufferHeaderFormat(BufferHeaderFormat):
     battery_voltage_raw: int
     input_voltage_raw: int
 
+    _adc_scale: ADCScaling
+
 
 class StreamBufferHeader(BufferHeader):
     """
     Refinements of :class:`.BufferHeader` for
     :class:`~mio.stream_daq.StreamDaq`
+
+    .. todo::
+        Get the scaling factors from the device configuration
     """
 
     pixel_count: int
     battery_voltage_raw: int
     input_voltage_raw: int
-    _adc_scaling: ADCScaling = None
-
-    @property
-    def adc_scaling(self) -> Optional[ADCScaling]:
-        """
-        :class:`.ADCScaling` applied to voltage readings
-        """
-        return self._adc_scaling
 
-    @adc_scaling.setter
-    def adc_scaling(self, scaling: ADCScaling) -> None:
-        self._adc_scaling = scaling
+    _adc_scale: ADCScaling = PrivateAttr()
+    _battery_voltage_scaling: ScaledValue = PrivateAttr()
+    _input_voltage_scaling: ScaledValue = PrivateAttr()
+
+    def __init__(self, adc_scale: ADCScaling, **data: dict):
+        super().__init__(**data)
+        self._adc_scale = adc_scale
+        self._battery_voltage_scaling = ScaledValue(
+            scaling_factor=(
+                1
+                / (2**self._adc_scale.bitdepth)
+                * self._adc_scale.ref_voltage
+                * self._adc_scale.battery_div_factor
+            ),
+            maximum=self._adc_scale.battery_max_voltage,
+        )
+        self._input_voltage_scaling = ScaledValue(
+            scaling_factor=(
+                1
+                / (2**self._adc_scale.bitdepth)
+                * self._adc_scale.ref_voltage
+                * self._adc_scale.vin_div_factor
+            ),
+            maximum=self._adc_scale.vin_max_voltage,
+        )
 
-    @computed_field
+    @property
     def battery_voltage(self) -> float:
         """
         Scaled battery voltage in Volts.
         """
-        if self._adc_scaling is None:
-            return self.battery_voltage_raw
-        else:
-            return self._adc_scaling.scale_battery_voltage(self.battery_voltage_raw)
+        return self._battery_voltage_scaling.scale(self.battery_voltage_raw)
 
-    @computed_field
+    @property
     def input_voltage(self) -> float:
         """
         Scaled input voltage in Volts.
         """
-        if self._adc_scaling is None:
-            return self.input_voltage_raw
-        else:
-            return self._adc_scaling.scale_input_voltage(self.input_voltage_raw)
+        return self._input_voltage_scaling.scale(self.input_voltage_raw)
 
 
 class StreamDevRuntime(MiniscopeConfig):
diff --git a/mio/stream_daq.py b/mio/stream_daq.py
index cd46a742..9b0b52cc 100644
--- a/mio/stream_daq.py
+++ b/mio/stream_daq.py
@@ -171,7 +171,6 @@ def _parse_header(self, buffer: bytes) -> Tuple[StreamBufferHeader, np.ndarray]:
         header_data = StreamBufferHeader.from_format(
             header.astype(int), self.header_fmt, construct=True
         )
-        header_data.adc_scaling = self.config.adc_scale
 
         return header_data, payload
 
diff --git a/tests/test_models/test_model_stream.py b/tests/test_models/test_model_stream.py
index a62c3e42..210731be 100644
--- a/tests/test_models/test_model_stream.py
+++ b/tests/test_models/test_model_stream.py
@@ -42,23 +42,22 @@ def test_absolute_bitstream():
 }
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("scale", [None, 1, 2, _default_adc_scale["ref_voltage"]])
-def test_adc_scaling(scale, config_override):
-    """
-    Test that the ADC scaling factors are correctly parsed,
-    and that :class:`.ADCScaling` methods are correctly applied to their relevant values
-    """
-    if scale is None:
-        adc_scale = None
-    else:
-        adc_scale = _default_adc_scale.copy()
-        adc_scale.update({"ref_voltage": scale})
-
-    example = config_override(CONFIG_DIR / "stream_daq_test_200px.yml", {"adc_scale": adc_scale})
-    instance_config = StreamDevConfig.from_yaml(example)
-
-    battery_voltage_raw = 200
-    input_voltage_raw = 250
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("scale", [1, 2, _default_adc_scale["ref_voltage"]])
+def test_adc_scaling(scale):
+    
+    ref_voltage = scale
+    bitdepth = 8
+    
+    battery_div_factor = 5.0
+    vin_div_factor = 11.3
+    battery_max_voltage = 10.0
+    vin_max_voltage = 20.0
+
+    battery_voltage_raw = 100
+    input_voltage_raw = 150
+
+    battery_factor = 1 / (2 ** bitdepth) * ref_voltage * battery_div_factor
+    vin_factor = 1 / (2 ** bitdepth) * ref_voltage * vin_div_factor
 
     instance_header = StreamBufferHeader(
         linked_list=0,
@@ -72,16 +71,23 @@ def test_adc_scaling(scale, config_override):
         write_timestamp=0,
         battery_voltage_raw=battery_voltage_raw,
         input_voltage_raw=input_voltage_raw,
+        adc_scale=ADCScaling(
+            ref_voltage=ref_voltage,
+            bitdepth=bitdepth,
+            battery_div_factor=battery_div_factor,
+            vin_div_factor=vin_div_factor,
+            battery_max_voltage=battery_max_voltage,
+            vin_max_voltage=vin_max_voltage,
+        ),
     )
-    instance_header.adc_scaling = instance_config.adc_scale
-
-    if scale is None:
-        assert instance_header.battery_voltage == battery_voltage_raw
-        assert instance_header.input_voltage == input_voltage_raw
-
-    else:
-        adcscale = ADCScaling(**adc_scale)
-        assert instance_header.battery_voltage == adcscale.scale_battery_voltage(
-            battery_voltage_raw
-        )
-        assert instance_header.input_voltage == adcscale.scale_input_voltage(input_voltage_raw)
+
+    expected_battery_voltage = battery_voltage_raw * battery_factor
+    if expected_battery_voltage > battery_max_voltage:
+        expected_battery_voltage = -1
+
+    expected_input_voltage = input_voltage_raw * vin_factor
+    if expected_input_voltage > vin_max_voltage:
+        expected_input_voltage = -1
+
+    assert instance_header.battery_voltage == expected_battery_voltage
+    assert instance_header.input_voltage == expected_input_voltage
\ No newline at end of file