diff --git a/CODEOWNERS b/CODEOWNERS
index 1dd880c7..48670026 100644
--- a/CODEOWNERS
+++ b/CODEOWNERS
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-google_deployment_accounts/ @jasonthomas @jbuck @bkochendorfer @smarnach @whd @mozilla/gcp-wg
-google_fastly_waf/ @jasonthomas @jbuck @bkochendorfer @whd @tibap @mozilla/gcp-wg
-google_gke/ @jasonthomas @ahoneiser @mikaeld @jbuck @bkochendorfer @mozilla/gcp-wg
-google_gke_tenant/ @jasonthomas @jbuck @bkochendorfer @mozilla/gcp-wg
-google_workgroup/ @jasonthomas @jbuck @bkochendorfer @mozilla/gcp-wg
-google_workload_identity/ @jasonthomas @jbuck @bkochendorfer @mozilla/gcp-wg
-pagerduty_service/ @jasonthomas @jbuck @bkochendorfer @whd @bwells-moz @cass-moz @mozilla/gcp-wg
-pagerduty_team/ @jasonthomas @jbuck @bkochendorfer @whd @bwells-moz @cass-moz @mozilla/gcp-wg
+google_deployment_accounts/ @mozilla/gcp-wg
+google_fastly_waf/ @tibap @mozilla/gcp-wg
+google_gke/ @ahoneiser @mikaeld @mozilla/gcp-wg
+google_gke_tenant/ @mozilla/gcp-wg
+google_workgroup/ @mozilla/gcp-wg
+google_workload_identity/ @mozilla/gcp-wg
+pagerduty_service/ @bwells-moz @cass-moz @mozilla/gcp-wg
+pagerduty_team/ @bwells-moz @cass-moz @mozilla/gcp-wg
diff --git a/google_deployment_accounts/.terraform-docs.yml b/google_deployment_accounts/.terraform-docs.yml
index 3481b924..d4d82648 100644
--- a/google_deployment_accounts/.terraform-docs.yml
+++ b/google_deployment_accounts/.terraform-docs.yml
@@ -4,19 +4,27 @@ content: |-
   ## Examples
 
   ```hcl
-  {{ include "examples/circleci.tf" }}
+  {{ include "examples/gha.tf" }}
   ```
 
   ```hcl
-  {{ include "examples/circleci2.tf" }}
+  {{ include "examples/gha_branch.tf" }}
   ```
 
   ```hcl
-  {{ include "examples/circleci3.tf" }}
+  {{ include "examples/gha_attribute_specifiers.tf" }}
   ```
 
   ```hcl
-  {{ include "examples/gha.tf" }}
+  {{ include "examples/circleci.tf" }}
+  ```
+
+  ```hcl
+  {{ include "examples/circleci2.tf" }}
+  ```
+
+  ```hcl
+  {{ include "examples/circleci3.tf" }}
   ```
 
   {{ .Inputs }}
diff --git a/google_deployment_accounts/README.md b/google_deployment_accounts/README.md
index f86dddd9..cf86d60b 100644
--- a/google_deployment_accounts/README.md
+++ b/google_deployment_accounts/README.md
@@ -4,6 +4,74 @@ Creates a Cloud IAM service account which lets CI workflows authenticate to GCP.
 
 ## Examples
 
+```hcl
+# Allow OIDC access from GitHub Actions workflows running in the stage
+# environment of a specific repo
+data "terraform_remote_state" "wip_project" {
+  backend = "gcs"
+
+  config = {
+    bucket = "my-wip-project"
+    prefix = "wip-project/prefix"
+  }
+}
+
+module "google_deployment_accounts" {
+  source             = "github.com/mozilla/terraform-modules//google_deployment_accounts?ref=main"
+  project            = "my-project"
+  environment        = "stage"
+  github_repository  = "org/project"
+  wip_name           = "github-actions"
+  wip_project_number = data.terraform_remote_state.wip_project.number
+}
+```
+
+```hcl
+# Allow OIDC access from GitHub Actions workflows triggered on the main branch
+# of a specific repo. Branch-based access is typically secured by strong
+# primary branch protection settings, not Github environment approval rules.
+module "google_deployment_accounts_branch" {
+  source             = "github.com/mozilla/terraform-modules//google_deployment_accounts?ref=main"
+  project            = "my-project"
+  environment        = "prod"
+  github_repository  = "mozilla/my-repo"
+  wip_name           = "github-actions"
+  wip_project_number = 12345
+  gha_branches       = ["main"]
+}
+```
+
+```hcl
+# A more complex example using attribute specifiers directly. Allow OIDC access
+# from GitHub Actions workflows running on the main branch of org/repo1 and
+# org/repo2, as well as any workflow running in the "production" environment.
+data "terraform_remote_state" "wip_project" {
+  backend = "gcs"
+
+  config = {
+    bucket = "my-wip-project"
+    prefix = "wip-project/prefix"
+  }
+}
+
+locals {
+  allowed_repo_refs    = formatlist("attribute.repository_ref/org/%s:refs/heads/main", ["repo1", "repo2"])
+  allowed_environments = formatlist("attribute.environment/%s", ["production"])
+}
+
+module "google_deployment_accounts" {
+  source             = "github.com/mozilla/terraform-modules//google_deployment_accounts?ref=main"
+  project            = "my-project"
+  environment        = "prod"
+  wip_name           = "github-actions"
+  wip_project_number = data.terraform_remote_state.wip_project.number
+  gha_attribute_specifiers = setunion(
+    local.allowed_repo_refs,
+    local.allowed_environments,
+  )
+}
+```
+
 ```hcl
 # Allow OIDC access from CircleCI jobs triggered in a specific repo
 data "terraform_remote_state" "wip_project" {
@@ -81,26 +149,6 @@ module "google_deployment_accounts" {
 }
 ```
 
-```hcl
-data "terraform_remote_state" "wip_project" {
-  backend = "gcs"
-
-  config = {
-    bucket = "my-wip-project"
-    prefix = "wip-project/prefix"
-  }
-}
-
-module "google_deployment_accounts" {
-  source             = "github.com/mozilla/terraform-modules//google_deployment_accounts?ref=main"
-  project            = "my-project"
-  environment        = "stage"
-  github_repository  = "org/project"
-  wip_name           = "github-actions"
-  wip_project_number = data.terraform_remote_state.wip_project.number
-}
-```
-
 ## Inputs
 
 | Name | Description | Type | Default | Required |
@@ -111,7 +159,9 @@ module "google_deployment_accounts" {
 | <a name="input_circleci_context_ids"></a> [circleci\_context\_ids](#input\_circleci\_context\_ids) | (CircleCI only) Contexts to allow deployments from. Not recommended when using merge queues since CircleCI Contexts are only accessible to members of your organization. | `set(string)` | `[]` | no |
 | <a name="input_display_name"></a> [display\_name](#input\_display\_name) | Display name for the service account. Defaults to "Deployment to the ENV environment". | `string` | `null` | no |
 | <a name="input_environment"></a> [environment](#input\_environment) | Environment e.g., stage. Not used for OIDC configuration in CircleCI. | `string` | n/a | yes |
-| <a name="input_gha_environments"></a> [gha\_environments](#input\_gha\_environments) | Github environments from which to deploy. If specified, this overrides the environment variable. | `list(string)` | `[]` | no |
+| <a name="input_gha_attribute_specifiers"></a> [gha\_attribute\_specifiers](#input\_gha\_attribute\_specifiers) | Set of attribute specifiers to allow deploys from, in the form ATTR/ATTR\_VALUE. If specified, this overrides the github\_repository variable and any other GHA-specific variables. | `set(string)` | `[]` | no |
+| <a name="input_gha_branches"></a> [gha\_branches](#input\_gha\_branches) | Branches to allow deployments from. If specified, takes precedence over gha\_environments and the environment variable, and is overridden by gha\_attribute\_specifiers. If unspecified, allow deployment from any branch via environment-based principals. | `set(string)` | `[]` | no |
+| <a name="input_gha_environments"></a> [gha\_environments](#input\_gha\_environments) | Github environments from which to deploy. If specified, this overrides the environment variable. Overridden by gha\_branches and gha\_attribute\_specifiers when either is set. | `list(string)` | `[]` | no |
 | <a name="input_github_repositories"></a> [github\_repositories](#input\_github\_repositories) | The Github repositories running the deployment workflows in the format org/repository, will be used if github\_repository is not defined. | `list(string)` | `[]` | no |
 | <a name="input_github_repository"></a> [github\_repository](#input\_github\_repository) | The Github repository running the deployment workflows in the format org/repository. Optional for CircleCI or when github\_repositories is specified. | `string` | `null` | no |
 | <a name="input_project"></a> [project](#input\_project) | n/a | `string` | `null` | no |
diff --git a/google_deployment_accounts/examples/gha.tf b/google_deployment_accounts/examples/gha.tf
index e0fd66a0..775a0fba 100644
--- a/google_deployment_accounts/examples/gha.tf
+++ b/google_deployment_accounts/examples/gha.tf
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# Allow OIDC access from GitHub Actions workflows running in the stage
+# environment of a specific repo
 data "terraform_remote_state" "wip_project" {
   backend = "gcs"
 
diff --git a/google_deployment_accounts/examples/gha_attribute_specifiers.tf b/google_deployment_accounts/examples/gha_attribute_specifiers.tf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7d33970f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/google_deployment_accounts/examples/gha_attribute_specifiers.tf
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# A more complex example using attribute specifiers directly. Allow OIDC access
+# from GitHub Actions workflows running on the main branch of org/repo1 and
+# org/repo2, as well as any workflow running in the "production" environment.
+data "terraform_remote_state" "wip_project" {
+  backend = "gcs"
+
+  config = {
+    bucket = "my-wip-project"
+    prefix = "wip-project/prefix"
+  }
+}
+
+locals {
+  allowed_repo_refs    = formatlist("attribute.repository_ref/org/%s:refs/heads/main", ["repo1", "repo2"])
+  allowed_environments = formatlist("attribute.environment/%s", ["production"])
+}
+
+module "google_deployment_accounts" {
+  source             = "github.com/mozilla/terraform-modules//google_deployment_accounts?ref=main"
+  project            = "my-project"
+  environment        = "prod"
+  wip_name           = "github-actions"
+  wip_project_number = data.terraform_remote_state.wip_project.number
+  gha_attribute_specifiers = setunion(
+    local.allowed_repo_refs,
+    local.allowed_environments,
+  )
+}
diff --git a/google_deployment_accounts/examples/gha_branch.tf b/google_deployment_accounts/examples/gha_branch.tf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6c4accf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/google_deployment_accounts/examples/gha_branch.tf
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Allow OIDC access from GitHub Actions workflows triggered on the main branch
+# of a specific repo. Branch-based access is typically secured by strong
+# primary branch protection settings, not Github environment approval rules.
+module "google_deployment_accounts_branch" {
+  source             = "github.com/mozilla/terraform-modules//google_deployment_accounts?ref=main"
+  project            = "my-project"
+  environment        = "prod"
+  github_repository  = "mozilla/my-repo"
+  wip_name           = "github-actions"
+  wip_project_number = 12345
+  gha_branches       = ["main"]
+}
diff --git a/google_deployment_accounts/locals.tf b/google_deployment_accounts/locals.tf
index e009a728..66235900 100644
--- a/google_deployment_accounts/locals.tf
+++ b/google_deployment_accounts/locals.tf
@@ -3,7 +3,27 @@ locals {
 
   environments = length(var.gha_environments) > 0 ? var.gha_environments : [var.environment]
 
-  github_deploy_members = flatten([for repo in local.github_deploy_repositories : [for env in local.environments : [
+  # GHA principal resolution precedence:
+  # 1. gha_attribute_specifiers: full override
+  # 2. gha_branches: repository_ref-based principals per repo and branch
+  # 3. Default: environment-based principals
+  # A subject specifier maps to a single identity (principal://); all other
+  # attributes map to identity sets (principalSet://).
+  gha_attribute_assertions = [for attribute_specifier in var.gha_attribute_specifiers :
+    "${split("/", attribute_specifier)[0] == "subject" ? "principal" : "principalSet"}://iam.googleapis.com/projects/${var.wip_project_number}/locations/global/workloadIdentityPools/${var.wip_name}/${attribute_specifier}"
+  ]
+
+  gha_branch_assertions = flatten([for repo in local.github_deploy_repositories : [for branch in var.gha_branches :
+    "principalSet://iam.googleapis.com/projects/${var.wip_project_number}/locations/global/workloadIdentityPools/${var.wip_name}/attribute.repository_ref/${repo}:refs/heads/${branch}"
+  ]])
+
+  gha_environment_assertions = flatten([for repo in local.github_deploy_repositories : [for env in local.environments :
     "principal://iam.googleapis.com/projects/${var.wip_project_number}/locations/global/workloadIdentityPools/${var.wip_name}/subject/repo:${repo}:environment:${env}"
-  ]]])
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+  ]])
+
+  github_deploy_members = (
+    length(local.gha_attribute_assertions) > 0 ? local.gha_attribute_assertions :
+    length(local.gha_branch_assertions) > 0 ? local.gha_branch_assertions :
+    local.gha_environment_assertions
+  )
+}
diff --git a/google_deployment_accounts/main.tf b/google_deployment_accounts/main.tf
index 96dc5f74..7528e604 100644
--- a/google_deployment_accounts/main.tf
+++ b/google_deployment_accounts/main.tf
@@ -23,9 +23,11 @@ resource "google_service_account_iam_binding" "github-actions-access" {
 
 locals {
   circleci = var.wip_name == "circleci"
-  # explicit attributes replace all other kinds of assertions
+  # explicit attributes replace all other kinds of assertions. A subject
+  # specifier maps to a single identity (principal://); all other attributes
+  # map to identity sets (principalSet://).
   circleci_attribute_assertions = local.circleci ? [for attribute_specifier in var.circleci_attribute_specifiers :
-    "principalSet://iam.googleapis.com/projects/${var.wip_project_number}/locations/global/workloadIdentityPools/${var.wip_name}/${attribute_specifier}"
+    "${split("/", attribute_specifier)[0] == "subject" ? "principal" : "principalSet"}://iam.googleapis.com/projects/${var.wip_project_number}/locations/global/workloadIdentityPools/${var.wip_name}/${attribute_specifier}"
   ] : []
   # single repo, all branches
   circleci_vcs_origin_assertions = local.circleci && var.github_repository != null && length(var.circleci_branches) == 0 ? ["principalSet://iam.googleapis.com/projects/${var.wip_project_number}/locations/global/workloadIdentityPools/${var.wip_name}/attribute.vcs_origin/github.com/${var.github_repository}",
diff --git a/google_deployment_accounts/variables.tf b/google_deployment_accounts/variables.tf
index 94875675..c5162d77 100644
--- a/google_deployment_accounts/variables.tf
+++ b/google_deployment_accounts/variables.tf
@@ -21,11 +21,45 @@ variable "environment" {
 # requires manual approval for deploying to production, and that particular
 # Github environment should be included in the gha_environments list.
 variable "gha_environments" {
-  description = "Github environments from which to deploy. If specified, this overrides the environment variable."
+  description = "Github environments from which to deploy. If specified, this overrides the environment variable. Overridden by gha_branches and gha_attribute_specifiers when either is set."
   type        = list(string)
   default     = []
 }
 
+# Note that branch-based principals authorize any workflow running on the given
+# branch and rely entirely on branch protection rules for security. This is
+# acceptable because branch protection rules on the primary branch for which
+# this setting is likely to be used are typically strong.
+variable "gha_branches" {
+  description = "Branches to allow deployments from. If specified, takes precedence over gha_environments and the environment variable, and is overridden by gha_attribute_specifiers. If unspecified, allow deployment from any branch via environment-based principals."
+  type        = set(string)
+  default     = []
+}
+
+variable "gha_attribute_specifiers" {
+  description = "Set of attribute specifiers to allow deploys from, in the form ATTR/ATTR_VALUE. If specified, this overrides the github_repository variable and any other GHA-specific variables."
+  type        = set(string)
+  default     = []
+  validation {
+    condition = alltrue(
+      [for attribute_specifier in var.gha_attribute_specifiers :
+        contains(
+          [
+            "subject",
+            "attribute.actor",
+            "attribute.environment",
+            "attribute.ref",
+            "attribute.repository",
+            "attribute.repository_owner",
+            "attribute.repository_ref",
+            "attribute.workflow"
+        ], split("/", attribute_specifier)[0])
+      ]
+    )
+    error_message = "Attribute specifiers must contain a valid attribute prefix."
+  }
+}
+
 # For CircleCI, the default options are to deploy from certain repositories
 # (any branch) or allow deploys via a CircleCI Context. You can also limit
 # CircleCI to deploy from specific branches. For more complex use