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<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<!--
Donation Address: 1NiNja1bUmhSoTXozBRBEtR8LeF9TGbZBN
Notice of Copyrights and Licenses:
***********************************
The bitaddress.org project, software and embedded resources are copyright bitaddress.org.
The bitaddress.org name and logo are not part of the open source license.
Portions of the all-in-one HTML document contain JavaScript codes that are the copyrights of others.
The individual copyrights are included throughout the document along with their licenses.
Included JavaScript libraries are separated with HTML script tags.
Summary of JavaScript functions with a redistributable license:
JavaScript function License
******************* ***************
Array.prototype.map Public Domain
window.Crypto BSD License
window.SecureRandom BSD License
window.EllipticCurve BSD License
window.BigInteger BSD License
window.QRCode MIT License
window.Bitcoin MIT License
The bitaddress.org software is available under The MIT License (MIT)
Copyright (c) 2011-2012 bitaddress.org
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and
associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject
to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial
portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT
LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
GitHub Repository: https://github.com/pointbiz/bitaddress.org
-->
<title>bitaddress.org</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
// Array.prototype.map function is in the public domain.
// Production steps of ECMA-262, Edition 5, 15.4.4.19
// Reference: http://es5.github.com/#x15.4.4.19
if (!Array.prototype.map) {
Array.prototype.map = function (callback, thisArg) {
var T, A, k;
if (this == null) {
throw new TypeError(" this is null or not defined");
}
// 1. Let O be the result of calling ToObject passing the |this| value as the argument.
var O = Object(this);
// 2. Let lenValue be the result of calling the Get internal method of O with the argument "length".
// 3. Let len be ToUint32(lenValue).
var len = O.length >>> 0;
// 4. If IsCallable(callback) is false, throw a TypeError exception.
// See: http://es5.github.com/#x9.11
if ({}.toString.call(callback) != "[object Function]") {
throw new TypeError(callback + " is not a function");
}
// 5. If thisArg was supplied, let T be thisArg; else let T be undefined.
if (thisArg) {
T = thisArg;
}
// 6. Let A be a new array created as if by the expression new Array(len) where Array is
// the standard built-in constructor with that name and len is the value of len.
A = new Array(len);
// 7. Let k be 0
k = 0;
// 8. Repeat, while k < len
while (k < len) {
var kValue, mappedValue;
// a. Let Pk be ToString(k).
// This is implicit for LHS operands of the in operator
// b. Let kPresent be the result of calling the HasProperty internal method of O with argument Pk.
// This step can be combined with c
// c. If kPresent is true, then
if (k in O) {
// i. Let kValue be the result of calling the Get internal method of O with argument Pk.
kValue = O[k];
// ii. Let mappedValue be the result of calling the Call internal method of callback
// with T as the this value and argument list containing kValue, k, and O.
mappedValue = callback.call(T, kValue, k, O);
// iii. Call the DefineOwnProperty internal method of A with arguments
// Pk, Property Descriptor {Value: mappedValue, Writable: true, Enumerable: true, Configurable: true},
// and false.
// In browsers that support Object.defineProperty, use the following:
// Object.defineProperty(A, Pk, { value: mappedValue, writable: true, enumerable: true, configurable: true });
// For best browser support, use the following:
A[k] = mappedValue;
}
// d. Increase k by 1.
k++;
}
// 9. return A
return A;
};
}
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
/*!
* Crypto-JS v2.0.0
* http://code.google.com/p/crypto-js/
* Copyright (c) 2009, Jeff Mott. All rights reserved.
* http://code.google.com/p/crypto-js/wiki/License
*/
(function () {
var base64map = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
// Global Crypto object
var Crypto = window.Crypto = {};
// Crypto utilities
var util = Crypto.util = {
// Bit-wise rotate left
rotl: function (n, b) {
return (n << b) | (n >>> (32 - b));
},
// Bit-wise rotate right
rotr: function (n, b) {
return (n << (32 - b)) | (n >>> b);
},
// Swap big-endian to little-endian and vice versa
endian: function (n) {
// If number given, swap endian
if (n.constructor == Number) {
return util.rotl(n, 8) & 0x00FF00FF |
util.rotl(n, 24) & 0xFF00FF00;
}
// Else, assume array and swap all items
for (var i = 0; i < n.length; i++)
n[i] = util.endian(n[i]);
return n;
},
// Generate an array of any length of random bytes
randomBytes: function (n) {
for (var bytes = []; n > 0; n--)
bytes.push(Math.floor(Math.random() * 256));
return bytes;
},
// Convert a byte array to big-endian 32-bit words
bytesToWords: function (bytes) {
for (var words = [], i = 0, b = 0; i < bytes.length; i++, b += 8)
words[b >>> 5] |= bytes[i] << (24 - b % 32);
return words;
},
// Convert big-endian 32-bit words to a byte array
wordsToBytes: function (words) {
for (var bytes = [], b = 0; b < words.length * 32; b += 8)
bytes.push((words[b >>> 5] >>> (24 - b % 32)) & 0xFF);
return bytes;
},
// Convert a byte array to a hex string
bytesToHex: function (bytes) {
for (var hex = [], i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
hex.push((bytes[i] >>> 4).toString(16));
hex.push((bytes[i] & 0xF).toString(16));
}
return hex.join("");
},
// Convert a hex string to a byte array
hexToBytes: function (hex) {
for (var bytes = [], c = 0; c < hex.length; c += 2)
bytes.push(parseInt(hex.substr(c, 2), 16));
return bytes;
},
// Convert a byte array to a base-64 string
bytesToBase64: function (bytes) {
// Use browser-native function if it exists
if (typeof btoa == "function") return btoa(Binary.bytesToString(bytes));
for (var base64 = [], i = 0; i < bytes.length; i += 3) {
var triplet = (bytes[i] << 16) | (bytes[i + 1] << 8) | bytes[i + 2];
for (var j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
if (i * 8 + j * 6 <= bytes.length * 8)
base64.push(base64map.charAt((triplet >>> 6 * (3 - j)) & 0x3F));
else base64.push("=");
}
}
return base64.join("");
},
// Convert a base-64 string to a byte array
base64ToBytes: function (base64) {
// Use browser-native function if it exists
if (typeof atob == "function") return Binary.stringToBytes(atob(base64));
// Remove non-base-64 characters
base64 = base64.replace(/[^A-Z0-9+\/]/ig, "");
for (var bytes = [], i = 0, imod4 = 0; i < base64.length; imod4 = ++i % 4) {
if (imod4 == 0) continue;
bytes.push(((base64map.indexOf(base64.charAt(i - 1)) & (Math.pow(2, -2 * imod4 + 8) - 1)) << (imod4 * 2)) |
(base64map.indexOf(base64.charAt(i)) >>> (6 - imod4 * 2)));
}
return bytes;
}
};
// Crypto mode namespace
Crypto.mode = {};
// Crypto character encodings
var charenc = Crypto.charenc = {};
// UTF-8 encoding
var UTF8 = charenc.UTF8 = {
// Convert a string to a byte array
stringToBytes: function (str) {
return Binary.stringToBytes(unescape(encodeURIComponent(str)));
},
// Convert a byte array to a string
bytesToString: function (bytes) {
return decodeURIComponent(escape(Binary.bytesToString(bytes)));
}
};
// Binary encoding
var Binary = charenc.Binary = {
// Convert a string to a byte array
stringToBytes: function (str) {
for (var bytes = [], i = 0; i < str.length; i++)
bytes.push(str.charCodeAt(i));
return bytes;
},
// Convert a byte array to a string
bytesToString: function (bytes) {
for (var str = [], i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++)
str.push(String.fromCharCode(bytes[i]));
return str.join("");
}
};
})();
/*!
* Crypto-JS v2.0.0
* http://code.google.com/p/crypto-js/
* Copyright (c) 2009, Jeff Mott. All rights reserved.
* http://code.google.com/p/crypto-js/wiki/License
*/
(function () {
// Shortcuts
var C = Crypto,
util = C.util,
charenc = C.charenc,
UTF8 = charenc.UTF8,
Binary = charenc.Binary;
// Constants
var K = [0x428A2F98, 0x71374491, 0xB5C0FBCF, 0xE9B5DBA5,
0x3956C25B, 0x59F111F1, 0x923F82A4, 0xAB1C5ED5,
0xD807AA98, 0x12835B01, 0x243185BE, 0x550C7DC3,
0x72BE5D74, 0x80DEB1FE, 0x9BDC06A7, 0xC19BF174,
0xE49B69C1, 0xEFBE4786, 0x0FC19DC6, 0x240CA1CC,
0x2DE92C6F, 0x4A7484AA, 0x5CB0A9DC, 0x76F988DA,
0x983E5152, 0xA831C66D, 0xB00327C8, 0xBF597FC7,
0xC6E00BF3, 0xD5A79147, 0x06CA6351, 0x14292967,
0x27B70A85, 0x2E1B2138, 0x4D2C6DFC, 0x53380D13,
0x650A7354, 0x766A0ABB, 0x81C2C92E, 0x92722C85,
0xA2BFE8A1, 0xA81A664B, 0xC24B8B70, 0xC76C51A3,
0xD192E819, 0xD6990624, 0xF40E3585, 0x106AA070,
0x19A4C116, 0x1E376C08, 0x2748774C, 0x34B0BCB5,
0x391C0CB3, 0x4ED8AA4A, 0x5B9CCA4F, 0x682E6FF3,
0x748F82EE, 0x78A5636F, 0x84C87814, 0x8CC70208,
0x90BEFFFA, 0xA4506CEB, 0xBEF9A3F7, 0xC67178F2];
// Public API
var SHA256 = C.SHA256 = function (message, options) {
var digestbytes = util.wordsToBytes(SHA256._sha256(message));
return options && options.asBytes ? digestbytes :
options && options.asString ? Binary.bytesToString(digestbytes) :
util.bytesToHex(digestbytes);
};
// The core
SHA256._sha256 = function (message) {
// Convert to byte array
if (message.constructor == String) message = UTF8.stringToBytes(message);
/* else, assume byte array already */
var m = util.bytesToWords(message),
l = message.length * 8,
H = [0x6A09E667, 0xBB67AE85, 0x3C6EF372, 0xA54FF53A,
0x510E527F, 0x9B05688C, 0x1F83D9AB, 0x5BE0CD19],
w = [],
a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j,
t1, t2;
// Padding
m[l >> 5] |= 0x80 << (24 - l % 32);
m[((l + 64 >> 9) << 4) + 15] = l;
for (var i = 0; i < m.length; i += 16) {
a = H[0];
b = H[1];
c = H[2];
d = H[3];
e = H[4];
f = H[5];
g = H[6];
h = H[7];
for (var j = 0; j < 64; j++) {
if (j < 16) w[j] = m[j + i];
else {
var gamma0x = w[j - 15],
gamma1x = w[j - 2],
gamma0 = ((gamma0x << 25) | (gamma0x >>> 7)) ^
((gamma0x << 14) | (gamma0x >>> 18)) ^
(gamma0x >>> 3),
gamma1 = ((gamma1x << 15) | (gamma1x >>> 17)) ^
((gamma1x << 13) | (gamma1x >>> 19)) ^
(gamma1x >>> 10);
w[j] = gamma0 + (w[j - 7] >>> 0) +
gamma1 + (w[j - 16] >>> 0);
}
var ch = e & f ^ ~e & g,
maj = a & b ^ a & c ^ b & c,
sigma0 = ((a << 30) | (a >>> 2)) ^
((a << 19) | (a >>> 13)) ^
((a << 10) | (a >>> 22)),
sigma1 = ((e << 26) | (e >>> 6)) ^
((e << 21) | (e >>> 11)) ^
((e << 7) | (e >>> 25));
t1 = (h >>> 0) + sigma1 + ch + (K[j]) + (w[j] >>> 0);
t2 = sigma0 + maj;
h = g;
g = f;
f = e;
e = d + t1;
d = c;
c = b;
b = a;
a = t1 + t2;
}
H[0] += a;
H[1] += b;
H[2] += c;
H[3] += d;
H[4] += e;
H[5] += f;
H[6] += g;
H[7] += h;
}
return H;
};
// Package private blocksize
SHA256._blocksize = 16;
})();
/*!
* Crypto-JS v2.0.0
* http://code.google.com/p/crypto-js/
* Copyright (c) 2009, Jeff Mott. All rights reserved.
* http://code.google.com/p/crypto-js/wiki/License
*
* A JavaScript implementation of the RIPEMD-160 Algorithm
* Version 2.2 Copyright Jeremy Lin, Paul Johnston 2000 - 2009.
* Other contributors: Greg Holt, Andrew Kepert, Ydnar, Lostinet
* Distributed under the BSD License
* See http://pajhome.org.uk/crypt/md5 for details.
* Also http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~jjlin/jsotp/
* Ported to Crypto-JS by Stefan Thomas.
*/
(function () {
// Shortcuts
var C = Crypto,
util = C.util,
charenc = C.charenc,
UTF8 = charenc.UTF8,
Binary = charenc.Binary;
// Convert a byte array to little-endian 32-bit words
util.bytesToLWords = function (bytes) {
var output = Array(bytes.length >> 2);
for (var i = 0; i < output.length; i++)
output[i] = 0;
for (var i = 0; i < bytes.length * 8; i += 8)
output[i >> 5] |= (bytes[i / 8] & 0xFF) << (i % 32);
return output;
};
// Convert little-endian 32-bit words to a byte array
util.lWordsToBytes = function (words) {
var output = [];
for (var i = 0; i < words.length * 32; i += 8)
output.push((words[i >> 5] >>> (i % 32)) & 0xff);
return output;
};
// Public API
var RIPEMD160 = C.RIPEMD160 = function (message, options) {
var digestbytes = util.lWordsToBytes(RIPEMD160._rmd160(message));
return options && options.asBytes ? digestbytes :
options && options.asString ? Binary.bytesToString(digestbytes) :
util.bytesToHex(digestbytes);
};
// The core
RIPEMD160._rmd160 = function (message) {
// Convert to byte array
if (message.constructor == String) message = UTF8.stringToBytes(message);
var x = util.bytesToLWords(message),
len = message.length * 8;
/* append padding */
x[len >> 5] |= 0x80 << (len % 32);
x[(((len + 64) >>> 9) << 4) + 14] = len;
var h0 = 0x67452301;
var h1 = 0xefcdab89;
var h2 = 0x98badcfe;
var h3 = 0x10325476;
var h4 = 0xc3d2e1f0;
for (var i = 0; i < x.length; i += 16) {
var T;
var A1 = h0, B1 = h1, C1 = h2, D1 = h3, E1 = h4;
var A2 = h0, B2 = h1, C2 = h2, D2 = h3, E2 = h4;
for (var j = 0; j <= 79; ++j) {
T = safe_add(A1, rmd160_f(j, B1, C1, D1));
T = safe_add(T, x[i + rmd160_r1[j]]);
T = safe_add(T, rmd160_K1(j));
T = safe_add(bit_rol(T, rmd160_s1[j]), E1);
A1 = E1; E1 = D1; D1 = bit_rol(C1, 10); C1 = B1; B1 = T;
T = safe_add(A2, rmd160_f(79 - j, B2, C2, D2));
T = safe_add(T, x[i + rmd160_r2[j]]);
T = safe_add(T, rmd160_K2(j));
T = safe_add(bit_rol(T, rmd160_s2[j]), E2);
A2 = E2; E2 = D2; D2 = bit_rol(C2, 10); C2 = B2; B2 = T;
}
T = safe_add(h1, safe_add(C1, D2));
h1 = safe_add(h2, safe_add(D1, E2));
h2 = safe_add(h3, safe_add(E1, A2));
h3 = safe_add(h4, safe_add(A1, B2));
h4 = safe_add(h0, safe_add(B1, C2));
h0 = T;
}
return [h0, h1, h2, h3, h4];
}
function rmd160_f(j, x, y, z) {
return (0 <= j && j <= 15) ? (x ^ y ^ z) :
(16 <= j && j <= 31) ? (x & y) | (~x & z) :
(32 <= j && j <= 47) ? (x | ~y) ^ z :
(48 <= j && j <= 63) ? (x & z) | (y & ~z) :
(64 <= j && j <= 79) ? x ^ (y | ~z) :
"rmd160_f: j out of range";
}
function rmd160_K1(j) {
return (0 <= j && j <= 15) ? 0x00000000 :
(16 <= j && j <= 31) ? 0x5a827999 :
(32 <= j && j <= 47) ? 0x6ed9eba1 :
(48 <= j && j <= 63) ? 0x8f1bbcdc :
(64 <= j && j <= 79) ? 0xa953fd4e :
"rmd160_K1: j out of range";
}
function rmd160_K2(j) {
return (0 <= j && j <= 15) ? 0x50a28be6 :
(16 <= j && j <= 31) ? 0x5c4dd124 :
(32 <= j && j <= 47) ? 0x6d703ef3 :
(48 <= j && j <= 63) ? 0x7a6d76e9 :
(64 <= j && j <= 79) ? 0x00000000 :
"rmd160_K2: j out of range";
}
var rmd160_r1 = [
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
7, 4, 13, 1, 10, 6, 15, 3, 12, 0, 9, 5, 2, 14, 11, 8,
3, 10, 14, 4, 9, 15, 8, 1, 2, 7, 0, 6, 13, 11, 5, 12,
1, 9, 11, 10, 0, 8, 12, 4, 13, 3, 7, 15, 14, 5, 6, 2,
4, 0, 5, 9, 7, 12, 2, 10, 14, 1, 3, 8, 11, 6, 15, 13
];
var rmd160_r2 = [
5, 14, 7, 0, 9, 2, 11, 4, 13, 6, 15, 8, 1, 10, 3, 12,
6, 11, 3, 7, 0, 13, 5, 10, 14, 15, 8, 12, 4, 9, 1, 2,
15, 5, 1, 3, 7, 14, 6, 9, 11, 8, 12, 2, 10, 0, 4, 13,
8, 6, 4, 1, 3, 11, 15, 0, 5, 12, 2, 13, 9, 7, 10, 14,
12, 15, 10, 4, 1, 5, 8, 7, 6, 2, 13, 14, 0, 3, 9, 11
];
var rmd160_s1 = [
11, 14, 15, 12, 5, 8, 7, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 6, 7, 9, 8,
7, 6, 8, 13, 11, 9, 7, 15, 7, 12, 15, 9, 11, 7, 13, 12,
11, 13, 6, 7, 14, 9, 13, 15, 14, 8, 13, 6, 5, 12, 7, 5,
11, 12, 14, 15, 14, 15, 9, 8, 9, 14, 5, 6, 8, 6, 5, 12,
9, 15, 5, 11, 6, 8, 13, 12, 5, 12, 13, 14, 11, 8, 5, 6
];
var rmd160_s2 = [
8, 9, 9, 11, 13, 15, 15, 5, 7, 7, 8, 11, 14, 14, 12, 6,
9, 13, 15, 7, 12, 8, 9, 11, 7, 7, 12, 7, 6, 15, 13, 11,
9, 7, 15, 11, 8, 6, 6, 14, 12, 13, 5, 14, 13, 13, 7, 5,
15, 5, 8, 11, 14, 14, 6, 14, 6, 9, 12, 9, 12, 5, 15, 8,
8, 5, 12, 9, 12, 5, 14, 6, 8, 13, 6, 5, 15, 13, 11, 11
];
/*
* Add integers, wrapping at 2^32. This uses 16-bit operations internally
* to work around bugs in some JS interpreters.
*/
function safe_add(x, y) {
var lsw = (x & 0xFFFF) + (y & 0xFFFF);
var msw = (x >> 16) + (y >> 16) + (lsw >> 16);
return (msw << 16) | (lsw & 0xFFFF);
}
/*
* Bitwise rotate a 32-bit number to the left.
*/
function bit_rol(num, cnt) {
return (num << cnt) | (num >>> (32 - cnt));
}
})();
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
/*!
* Random number generator with ArcFour PRNG
*
* NOTE: For best results, put code like
* <body onclick='SecureRandom.seedTime();' onkeypress='SecureRandom.seedTime();'>
* in your main HTML document.
*
* Copyright Tom Wu, bitaddress.org BSD License.
* http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~tjw/jsbn/LICENSE
*/
(function () {
// Constructor function of Global SecureRandom object
var sr = window.SecureRandom = function () { };
// Properties
sr.state;
sr.pool;
sr.pptr;
// Pool size must be a multiple of 4 and greater than 32.
// An array of bytes the size of the pool will be passed to init()
sr.poolSize = 256;
// --- object methods ---
// public method
// ba: byte array
sr.prototype.nextBytes = function (ba) {
var i;
for (i = 0; i < ba.length; ++i) ba[i] = sr.getByte();
};
// --- static methods ---
// Mix in the current time (w/milliseconds) into the pool
// NOTE: this method should be called from body click/keypress event handlers to increase entropy
sr.seedTime = function () {
sr.seedInt(new Date().getTime());
}
sr.getByte = function () {
if (sr.state == null) {
sr.seedTime();
sr.state = sr.ArcFour(); // Plug in your RNG constructor here
sr.state.init(sr.pool);
for (sr.pptr = 0; sr.pptr < sr.pool.length; ++sr.pptr)
sr.pool[sr.pptr] = 0;
sr.pptr = 0;
}
// TODO: allow reseeding after first request
return sr.state.next();
}
// Mix in a 32-bit integer into the pool
sr.seedInt = function (x) {
sr.pool[sr.pptr++] ^= x & 255;
sr.pool[sr.pptr++] ^= (x >> 8) & 255;
sr.pool[sr.pptr++] ^= (x >> 16) & 255;
sr.pool[sr.pptr++] ^= (x >> 24) & 255;
if (sr.pptr >= sr.poolSize) sr.pptr -= sr.poolSize;
}
// Arcfour is a PRNG
sr.ArcFour = function () {
function Arcfour() {
this.i = 0;
this.j = 0;
this.S = new Array();
}
// Initialize arcfour context from key, an array of ints, each from [0..255]
function ARC4init(key) {
var i, j, t;
for (i = 0; i < 256; ++i)
this.S[i] = i;
j = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 256; ++i) {
j = (j + this.S[i] + key[i % key.length]) & 255;
t = this.S[i];
this.S[i] = this.S[j];
this.S[j] = t;
}
this.i = 0;
this.j = 0;
}
function ARC4next() {
var t;
this.i = (this.i + 1) & 255;
this.j = (this.j + this.S[this.i]) & 255;
t = this.S[this.i];
this.S[this.i] = this.S[this.j];
this.S[this.j] = t;
return this.S[(t + this.S[this.i]) & 255];
}
Arcfour.prototype.init = ARC4init;
Arcfour.prototype.next = ARC4next;
return new Arcfour();
};
// Initialize the pool with junk if needed.
if (sr.pool == null) {
sr.pool = new Array();
sr.pptr = 0;
var t;
if (navigator.appName == "Netscape" && navigator.appVersion < "5" && window.crypto) {
// Extract entropy (256 bits) from NS4 RNG if available
var z = window.crypto.random(32);
for (t = 0; t < z.length; ++t)
sr.pool[sr.pptr++] = z.charCodeAt(t) & 255;
}
while (sr.pptr < sr.poolSize) { // extract some randomness from Math.random()
t = Math.floor(65536 * Math.random());
sr.pool[sr.pptr++] = t >>> 8;
sr.pool[sr.pptr++] = t & 255;
}
sr.pptr = 0;
sr.seedTime();
// entropy
sr.seedInt(window.screenX);
sr.seedInt(window.screenY);
}
})();
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
/*!
* Basic Javascript Elliptic Curve implementation
* Ported loosely from BouncyCastle's Java EC code
* Only Fp curves implemented for now
*
* Copyright Tom Wu, bitaddress.org BSD License.
* http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~tjw/jsbn/LICENSE
*/
(function () {
// Constructor function of Global EllipticCurve object
var ec = window.EllipticCurve = function () { };
// ----------------
// ECFieldElementFp constructor
ec.FieldElementFp = function (q, x) {
this.x = x;
// TODO if(x.compareTo(q) >= 0) error
this.q = q;
}
ec.FieldElementFp.prototype.equals = function (other) {
if (other == this) return true;
return (this.q.equals(other.q) && this.x.equals(other.x));
};
ec.FieldElementFp.prototype.toBigInteger = function () {
return this.x;
};
ec.FieldElementFp.prototype.negate = function () {
return new ec.FieldElementFp(this.q, this.x.negate().mod(this.q));
};
ec.FieldElementFp.prototype.add = function (b) {
return new ec.FieldElementFp(this.q, this.x.add(b.toBigInteger()).mod(this.q));
};
ec.FieldElementFp.prototype.subtract = function (b) {
return new ec.FieldElementFp(this.q, this.x.subtract(b.toBigInteger()).mod(this.q));
};
ec.FieldElementFp.prototype.multiply = function (b) {
return new ec.FieldElementFp(this.q, this.x.multiply(b.toBigInteger()).mod(this.q));
};
ec.FieldElementFp.prototype.square = function () {
return new ec.FieldElementFp(this.q, this.x.square().mod(this.q));
};
ec.FieldElementFp.prototype.divide = function (b) {
return new ec.FieldElementFp(this.q, this.x.multiply(b.toBigInteger().modInverse(this.q)).mod(this.q));
};
ec.FieldElementFp.prototype.getByteLength = function () {
return Math.floor((this.toBigInteger().bitLength() + 7) / 8);
};
// ----------------
// ECPointFp constructor
ec.PointFp = function (curve, x, y, z) {
this.curve = curve;
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
// Projective coordinates: either zinv == null or z * zinv == 1
// z and zinv are just BigIntegers, not fieldElements
if (z == null) {
this.z = BigInteger.ONE;
}
else {
this.z = z;
}
this.zinv = null;
//TODO: compression flag
};
ec.PointFp.prototype.getX = function () {
if (this.zinv == null) {
this.zinv = this.z.modInverse(this.curve.q);
}
return this.curve.fromBigInteger(this.x.toBigInteger().multiply(this.zinv).mod(this.curve.q));
};
ec.PointFp.prototype.getY = function () {
if (this.zinv == null) {
this.zinv = this.z.modInverse(this.curve.q);
}
return this.curve.fromBigInteger(this.y.toBigInteger().multiply(this.zinv).mod(this.curve.q));
};
ec.PointFp.prototype.equals = function (other) {
if (other == this) return true;
if (this.isInfinity()) return other.isInfinity();
if (other.isInfinity()) return this.isInfinity();
var u, v;
// u = Y2 * Z1 - Y1 * Z2
u = other.y.toBigInteger().multiply(this.z).subtract(this.y.toBigInteger().multiply(other.z)).mod(this.curve.q);
if (!u.equals(BigInteger.ZERO)) return false;
// v = X2 * Z1 - X1 * Z2
v = other.x.toBigInteger().multiply(this.z).subtract(this.x.toBigInteger().multiply(other.z)).mod(this.curve.q);
return v.equals(BigInteger.ZERO);
};
ec.PointFp.prototype.isInfinity = function () {
if ((this.x == null) && (this.y == null)) return true;
return this.z.equals(BigInteger.ZERO) && !this.y.toBigInteger().equals(BigInteger.ZERO);
};
ec.PointFp.prototype.negate = function () {
return new ec.PointFp(this.curve, this.x, this.y.negate(), this.z);
};
ec.PointFp.prototype.add = function (b) {
if (this.isInfinity()) return b;
if (b.isInfinity()) return this;
// u = Y2 * Z1 - Y1 * Z2
var u = b.y.toBigInteger().multiply(this.z).subtract(this.y.toBigInteger().multiply(b.z)).mod(this.curve.q);
// v = X2 * Z1 - X1 * Z2
var v = b.x.toBigInteger().multiply(this.z).subtract(this.x.toBigInteger().multiply(b.z)).mod(this.curve.q);
if (BigInteger.ZERO.equals(v)) {
if (BigInteger.ZERO.equals(u)) {
return this.twice(); // this == b, so double
}
return this.curve.getInfinity(); // this = -b, so infinity
}
var THREE = new BigInteger("3");
var x1 = this.x.toBigInteger();
var y1 = this.y.toBigInteger();
var x2 = b.x.toBigInteger();
var y2 = b.y.toBigInteger();
var v2 = v.square();
var v3 = v2.multiply(v);
var x1v2 = x1.multiply(v2);
var zu2 = u.square().multiply(this.z);
// x3 = v * (z2 * (z1 * u^2 - 2 * x1 * v^2) - v^3)
var x3 = zu2.subtract(x1v2.shiftLeft(1)).multiply(b.z).subtract(v3).multiply(v).mod(this.curve.q);
// y3 = z2 * (3 * x1 * u * v^2 - y1 * v^3 - z1 * u^3) + u * v^3
var y3 = x1v2.multiply(THREE).multiply(u).subtract(y1.multiply(v3)).subtract(zu2.multiply(u)).multiply(b.z).add(u.multiply(v3)).mod(this.curve.q);
// z3 = v^3 * z1 * z2
var z3 = v3.multiply(this.z).multiply(b.z).mod(this.curve.q);
return new ec.PointFp(this.curve, this.curve.fromBigInteger(x3), this.curve.fromBigInteger(y3), z3);
};
ec.PointFp.prototype.twice = function () {
if (this.isInfinity()) return this;
if (this.y.toBigInteger().signum() == 0) return this.curve.getInfinity();
// TODO: optimized handling of constants
var THREE = new BigInteger("3");
var x1 = this.x.toBigInteger();
var y1 = this.y.toBigInteger();
var y1z1 = y1.multiply(this.z);
var y1sqz1 = y1z1.multiply(y1).mod(this.curve.q);
var a = this.curve.a.toBigInteger();
// w = 3 * x1^2 + a * z1^2
var w = x1.square().multiply(THREE);
if (!BigInteger.ZERO.equals(a)) {
w = w.add(this.z.square().multiply(a));
}
w = w.mod(this.curve.q);
// x3 = 2 * y1 * z1 * (w^2 - 8 * x1 * y1^2 * z1)
var x3 = w.square().subtract(x1.shiftLeft(3).multiply(y1sqz1)).shiftLeft(1).multiply(y1z1).mod(this.curve.q);
// y3 = 4 * y1^2 * z1 * (3 * w * x1 - 2 * y1^2 * z1) - w^3
var y3 = w.multiply(THREE).multiply(x1).subtract(y1sqz1.shiftLeft(1)).shiftLeft(2).multiply(y1sqz1).subtract(w.square().multiply(w)).mod(this.curve.q);
// z3 = 8 * (y1 * z1)^3
var z3 = y1z1.square().multiply(y1z1).shiftLeft(3).mod(this.curve.q);
return new ec.PointFp(this.curve, this.curve.fromBigInteger(x3), this.curve.fromBigInteger(y3), z3);
};
// Simple NAF (Non-Adjacent Form) multiplication algorithm
// TODO: modularize the multiplication algorithm
ec.PointFp.prototype.multiply = function (k) {
if (this.isInfinity()) return this;
if (k.signum() == 0) return this.curve.getInfinity();
var e = k;
var h = e.multiply(new BigInteger("3"));
var neg = this.negate();
var R = this;
var i;
for (i = h.bitLength() - 2; i > 0; --i) {
R = R.twice();
var hBit = h.testBit(i);
var eBit = e.testBit(i);
if (hBit != eBit) {
R = R.add(hBit ? this : neg);
}
}
return R;
};
// Compute this*j + x*k (simultaneous multiplication)
ec.PointFp.prototype.multiplyTwo = function (j, x, k) {
var i;
if (j.bitLength() > k.bitLength())
i = j.bitLength() - 1;
else
i = k.bitLength() - 1;
var R = this.curve.getInfinity();
var both = this.add(x);
while (i >= 0) {
R = R.twice();
if (j.testBit(i)) {
if (k.testBit(i)) {
R = R.add(both);
}
else {
R = R.add(this);
}
}
else {
if (k.testBit(i)) {
R = R.add(x);
}
}
--i;
}
return R;
};
// patched by bitaddress.org and Casascius for use with Bitcoin.ECKey
// patched by coretechs to support compressed public keys
ec.PointFp.prototype.getEncoded = function (compressed) {
var x = this.getX().toBigInteger();
var y = this.getY().toBigInteger();
var len = 32; // integerToBytes will zero pad if integer is less than 32 bytes. 32 bytes length is required by the Bitcoin protocol.
var enc = ec.integerToBytes(x, len);
// when compressed prepend byte depending if y point is even or odd
if (compressed) {
if (y.isEven()) {
enc.unshift(0x02);
}
else {
enc.unshift(0x03);
}
}
else {
enc.unshift(0x04);
enc = enc.concat(ec.integerToBytes(y, len)); // uncompressed public key appends the bytes of the y point
}
return enc;
};
ec.PointFp.decodeFrom = function (curve, enc) {
var type = enc[0];
var dataLen = enc.length - 1;
// Extract x and y as byte arrays
var xBa = enc.slice(1, 1 + dataLen / 2);
var yBa = enc.slice(1 + dataLen / 2, 1 + dataLen);
// Prepend zero byte to prevent interpretation as negative integer
xBa.unshift(0);
yBa.unshift(0);
// Convert to BigIntegers
var x = new BigInteger(xBa);
var y = new BigInteger(yBa);
// Return point
return new ec.PointFp(curve, curve.fromBigInteger(x), curve.fromBigInteger(y));
};
ec.PointFp.prototype.add2D = function (b) {
if (this.isInfinity()) return b;
if (b.isInfinity()) return this;
if (this.x.equals(b.x)) {
if (this.y.equals(b.y)) {
// this = b, i.e. this must be doubled