diff --git a/apps/editor/public/icons/column.png b/apps/editor/public/icons/column.png
index 8e44f6d8e..0e337b7f1 100644
Binary files a/apps/editor/public/icons/column.png and b/apps/editor/public/icons/column.png differ
diff --git a/apps/editor/public/icons/column1.png b/apps/editor/public/icons/column1.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8e44f6d8e
Binary files /dev/null and b/apps/editor/public/icons/column1.png differ
diff --git a/packages/core/src/events/bus.ts b/packages/core/src/events/bus.ts
index 7530b30ec..fa467e9dd 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/events/bus.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/events/bus.ts
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ import type { Object3D } from 'three'
 import type {
   BuildingNode,
   CeilingNode,
+  ColumnNode,
   DoorNode,
   FenceNode,
-  GuideNode,
   ItemNode,
   LevelNode,
   RoofNode,
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ export type ZoneEvent = NodeEvent<ZoneNode>
 export type SlabEvent = NodeEvent<SlabNode>
 export type SpawnEvent = NodeEvent<SpawnNode>
 export type CeilingEvent = NodeEvent<CeilingNode>
+export type ColumnEvent = NodeEvent<ColumnNode>
 export type RoofEvent = NodeEvent<RoofNode>
 export type RoofSegmentEvent = NodeEvent<RoofSegmentNode>
 export type StairEvent = NodeEvent<StairNode>
@@ -131,12 +132,6 @@ type ToolEvents = {
   'tool:cancel': undefined
 }
 
-type GuideEvents = {
-  'guide:set-reference-scale': { guideId: GuideNode['id'] }
-  'guide:cancel-reference-scale': undefined
-  'guide:deleted': { guideId: GuideNode['id'] }
-}
-
 type PresetEvents = {
   'preset:generate-thumbnail': { presetId: string; nodeId: string }
   'preset:thumbnail-updated': { presetId: string; thumbnailUrl: string }
@@ -169,6 +164,7 @@ type EditorEvents = GridEvents &
   NodeEvents<'slab', SlabEvent> &
   NodeEvents<'spawn', SpawnEvent> &
   NodeEvents<'ceiling', CeilingEvent> &
+  NodeEvents<'column', ColumnEvent> &
   NodeEvents<'roof', RoofEvent> &
   NodeEvents<'roof-segment', RoofSegmentEvent> &
   NodeEvents<'stair', StairEvent> &
@@ -177,7 +173,6 @@ type EditorEvents = GridEvents &
   NodeEvents<'door', DoorEvent> &
   CameraControlEvents &
   ToolEvents &
-  GuideEvents &
   PresetEvents &
   ThumbnailEvents &
   SnapshotEvents &
diff --git a/packages/core/src/hooks/scene-registry/scene-registry.ts b/packages/core/src/hooks/scene-registry/scene-registry.ts
index ec727481e..62efe95d5 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/hooks/scene-registry/scene-registry.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/hooks/scene-registry/scene-registry.ts
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ export const sceneRegistry = {
     site: new Set<string>(),
     building: new Set<string>(),
     ceiling: new Set<string>(),
+    column: new Set<string>(),
     level: new Set<string>(),
     wall: new Set<string>(),
     fence: new Set<string>(),
diff --git a/packages/core/src/index.ts b/packages/core/src/index.ts
index 59e84f2bc..50dad3366 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/index.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ export type {
   CameraControlEvent,
   CameraControlFitSceneEvent,
   CeilingEvent,
+  ColumnEvent,
   DoorEvent,
   EventSuffix,
   FenceEvent,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/schema/index.ts b/packages/core/src/schema/index.ts
index cfb464c56..ed182320a 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/schema/index.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/schema/index.ts
@@ -26,6 +26,20 @@ export {
 } from './material'
 export { BuildingNode } from './nodes/building'
 export { CeilingNode } from './nodes/ceiling'
+export {
+  COLUMN_PRESETS,
+  ColumnBaseStyle,
+  ColumnCapitalStyle,
+  ColumnCarvingPlacement,
+  ColumnCrossSection,
+  ColumnNode,
+  ColumnPanelShape,
+  type ColumnPresetId,
+  ColumnRingPlacement,
+  ColumnShaftDetail,
+  ColumnShaftProfile,
+  ColumnStyle,
+} from './nodes/column'
 export { DoorNode, DoorSegment } from './nodes/door'
 export { FenceBaseStyle, FenceNode, FenceStyle } from './nodes/fence'
 export { GuideNode, GuideScaleReference } from './nodes/guide'
@@ -50,8 +64,8 @@ export { ScanNode } from './nodes/scan'
 // Nodes
 export { SiteNode } from './nodes/site'
 export { SlabNode } from './nodes/slab'
-export type { StairSurfaceMaterialRole, StairSurfaceMaterialSpec } from './nodes/stair'
 export { SpawnNode } from './nodes/spawn'
+export type { StairSurfaceMaterialRole, StairSurfaceMaterialSpec } from './nodes/stair'
 export {
   getEffectiveStairSurfaceMaterial,
   StairNode,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/schema/material.ts b/packages/core/src/schema/material.ts
index 846140ef0..e2e76ec59 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/schema/material.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/schema/material.ts
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ export const MaterialTarget = z.enum([
   'stair',
   'stair-segment',
   'fence',
+  'column',
   'slab',
   'ceiling',
   'door',
diff --git a/packages/core/src/schema/nodes/column.ts b/packages/core/src/schema/nodes/column.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a7fa83a8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/src/schema/nodes/column.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,410 @@
+import dedent from 'dedent'
+import { z } from 'zod'
+import { BaseNode, nodeType, objectId } from '../base'
+import { MaterialSchema } from '../material'
+
+export const ColumnStyle = z.enum([
+  'plain',
+  'faceted',
+  'fluted',
+  'lathe-turned',
+  'dravidian-carved',
+  'cluster',
+])
+
+export const ColumnCrossSection = z.enum([
+  'round',
+  'square',
+  'rectangular',
+  'octagonal',
+  'sixteen-sided',
+])
+
+export const ColumnShaftProfile = z.enum(['straight', 'tapered', 'bulged', 'baluster', 'hourglass'])
+
+export const ColumnShaftDetail = z.enum(['none', 'fluted', 'spiral', 'panelled', 'lathe-turned'])
+
+export const ColumnPanelShape = z.enum(['rectangle', 'arched', 'diamond'])
+
+export const ColumnBaseStyle = z.enum([
+  'none',
+  'simple-square',
+  'round-rings',
+  'square-plinth',
+  'stepped-square',
+  'lotus',
+  'ribbed-lotus',
+  'panelled-pedestal',
+])
+
+export const ColumnCapitalStyle = z.enum([
+  'none',
+  'simple',
+  'simple-slab',
+  'rounded',
+  'stepped',
+  'doric',
+  'volute',
+  'ionic-volute',
+  'leaf-carved',
+  'corinthian-leaf',
+  'south-indian-bracket',
+  'wood-bracket',
+])
+
+export const ColumnRingPlacement = z.enum(['ends', 'even', 'top', 'bottom'])
+
+export const ColumnCarvingPlacement = z.enum(['shaft', 'base', 'capital', 'all'])
+
+export type ColumnStyle = z.infer<typeof ColumnStyle>
+export type ColumnCrossSection = z.infer<typeof ColumnCrossSection>
+export type ColumnShaftProfile = z.infer<typeof ColumnShaftProfile>
+export type ColumnShaftDetail = z.infer<typeof ColumnShaftDetail>
+export type ColumnPanelShape = z.infer<typeof ColumnPanelShape>
+export type ColumnBaseStyle = z.infer<typeof ColumnBaseStyle>
+export type ColumnCapitalStyle = z.infer<typeof ColumnCapitalStyle>
+export type ColumnRingPlacement = z.infer<typeof ColumnRingPlacement>
+export type ColumnCarvingPlacement = z.infer<typeof ColumnCarvingPlacement>
+
+export const ColumnNode = BaseNode.extend({
+  id: objectId('column'),
+  type: nodeType('column'),
+  position: z.tuple([z.number(), z.number(), z.number()]).default([0, 0, 0]),
+  rotation: z.number().default(0),
+  style: ColumnStyle.default('plain'),
+  crossSection: ColumnCrossSection.default('round'),
+  height: z.number().positive().default(2.8),
+  radius: z.number().positive().default(0.22),
+  width: z.number().positive().default(0.44),
+  depth: z.number().positive().default(0.44),
+  edgeSoftness: z.number().min(0).max(0.12).default(0.025),
+  baseHeight: z.number().min(0).default(0.18),
+  capitalHeight: z.number().min(0).default(0.18),
+  shaftProfile: ColumnShaftProfile.default('straight'),
+  shaftTaper: z.number().min(0).max(0.85).default(0),
+  shaftBulge: z.number().min(-0.5).max(0.8).default(0),
+  shaftStartScale: z.number().min(0.2).max(2).default(0.72),
+  shaftEndScale: z.number().min(0.2).max(2).default(0.72),
+  shaftSegmentCount: z.number().int().min(1).max(64).default(24),
+  shaftTwistStep: z.number().min(-90).max(90).default(0),
+  shaftCornerRadius: z.number().min(0).max(0.3).default(0.035),
+  shaftDetail: ColumnShaftDetail.default('none'),
+  baseStyle: ColumnBaseStyle.default('round-rings'),
+  baseWidthScale: z.number().min(0.4).max(3).default(1.24),
+  baseDepthScale: z.number().min(0.4).max(3).default(1.24),
+  baseTierCount: z.number().int().min(1).max(8).default(3),
+  baseStepSpread: z.number().min(0).max(1).default(0.42),
+  basePlinthHeightRatio: z.number().min(0.2).max(0.7).default(0.44),
+  baseRoundBandScale: z.number().min(0.5).max(1.2).default(0.92),
+  baseNeckScale: z.number().min(0.35).max(1).default(0.72),
+  baseRoundBandCount: z.number().int().min(0).max(16).default(3),
+  baseRibCount: z.number().int().min(0).max(48).default(0),
+  baseCarvingLevel: z.number().int().min(0).max(4).default(0),
+  basePanelInset: z.number().min(0).max(0.1).default(0.02),
+  capitalStyle: ColumnCapitalStyle.default('simple'),
+  capitalWidthScale: z.number().min(0.4).max(3).default(1.46),
+  capitalDepthScale: z.number().min(0.4).max(3).default(1.46),
+  capitalTierCount: z.number().int().min(1).max(8).default(3),
+  capitalStepSpread: z.number().min(0).max(1).default(0.42),
+  capitalBandCount: z.number().int().min(0).max(16).default(2),
+  voluteSize: z.number().min(0.02).max(0.3).default(0.08),
+  voluteCount: z.number().int().min(0).max(8).default(4),
+  leafCount: z.number().int().min(0).max(48).default(18),
+  leafRows: z.number().int().min(0).max(4).default(2),
+  bracketDepth: z.number().min(0).max(1.5).default(0.35),
+  bracketTierCount: z.number().int().min(0).max(8).default(3),
+  pendantCount: z.number().int().min(0).max(16).default(0),
+  capitalCarvingLevel: z.number().int().min(0).max(4).default(0),
+  ringCount: z.number().int().min(0).max(16).default(0),
+  ringPlacement: ColumnRingPlacement.default('ends'),
+  ringThickness: z.number().min(0.01).max(0.14).default(0.055),
+  ringSpread: z.number().min(0.04).max(0.45).default(0.16),
+  fluteCount: z.number().int().min(0).max(32).default(0),
+  fluteDepth: z.number().min(0.005).max(0.08).default(0.02),
+  fluteWidth: z.number().min(0.005).max(0.1).default(0.02),
+  spiralTwist: z.number().min(-3).max(3).default(0),
+  spiralRibCount: z.number().int().min(0).max(32).default(0),
+  panelCount: z.number().int().min(0).max(24).default(0),
+  panelInsetDepth: z.number().min(0).max(0.1).default(0.02),
+  panelShape: ColumnPanelShape.default('rectangle'),
+  latheRingCount: z.number().int().min(0).max(32).default(0),
+  latheRingSpacing: ColumnRingPlacement.default('ends'),
+  carvingLevel: z.number().int().min(0).max(4).default(0),
+  carvingPlacement: ColumnCarvingPlacement.default('capital'),
+  lowerBandEnabled: z.boolean().default(false),
+  lowerBandHeight: z.number().min(0).max(1).default(0.24),
+  lowerBandCarvingLevel: z.number().int().min(0).max(4).default(0),
+  dentilCount: z.number().int().min(0).max(48).default(0),
+  beadCount: z.number().int().min(0).max(64).default(0),
+  material: MaterialSchema.optional(),
+  materialPreset: z.string().optional(),
+}).describe(dedent`
+  Column node - used to represent structural or decorative pillars/columns.
+  - style: visual approach such as plain, lathe-turned, carved, or cluster
+  - crossSection: plan shape used by the procedural renderer
+  - height/radius/width/depth: primary dimensions in meters
+  - edgeSoftness: bevel radius for square/plinth/block edges
+  - shaftProfile/shaftDetail: profile and surface treatment of the shaft
+  - shaftTwistStep: per-segment shaft rotation in degrees
+  - shaftCornerRadius: rounded-corner radius for square/rectangular shaft cross-sections
+  - baseStyle/capitalStyle: procedural base and top treatment with tier/detail controls
+  - baseHeight/capitalHeight: bottom and top block proportions
+  - ring/flute/spiral/panel/lathe/carving fields: procedural detail controls
+`)
+
+export const COLUMN_PRESETS = {
+  basicPillar: {
+    label: 'Straight Round',
+    style: 'plain',
+    crossSection: 'round',
+    height: 2.9,
+    radius: 0.22,
+    width: 0.44,
+    depth: 0.44,
+    edgeSoftness: 0.025,
+    baseHeight: 0.22,
+    capitalHeight: 0.2,
+    shaftProfile: 'straight',
+    shaftTaper: 0,
+    shaftBulge: 0,
+    shaftStartScale: 0.72,
+    shaftEndScale: 0.72,
+    shaftSegmentCount: 1,
+    shaftTwistStep: 0,
+    shaftCornerRadius: 0.035,
+    shaftDetail: 'none',
+    baseStyle: 'square-plinth',
+    baseWidthScale: 1.26,
+    baseDepthScale: 1.26,
+    baseTierCount: 1,
+    baseStepSpread: 0.34,
+    basePlinthHeightRatio: 0.44,
+    baseRoundBandScale: 0.92,
+    baseNeckScale: 0.72,
+    baseRoundBandCount: 0,
+    baseRibCount: 0,
+    baseCarvingLevel: 0,
+    capitalStyle: 'simple-slab',
+    capitalWidthScale: 1.22,
+    capitalDepthScale: 1.22,
+    capitalTierCount: 1,
+    capitalStepSpread: 0.34,
+    capitalBandCount: 0,
+    capitalCarvingLevel: 0,
+    ringCount: 0,
+    ringSpread: 0.16,
+    fluteCount: 0,
+    spiralTwist: 0,
+    spiralRibCount: 0,
+    panelCount: 0,
+    latheRingCount: 0,
+    carvingLevel: 0,
+    lowerBandEnabled: false,
+    dentilCount: 0,
+    beadCount: 0,
+  },
+  squarePillar: {
+    label: 'Square Block',
+    style: 'faceted',
+    crossSection: 'square',
+    height: 2.9,
+    radius: 0.24,
+    width: 0.48,
+    depth: 0.48,
+    edgeSoftness: 0.035,
+    baseHeight: 0.22,
+    capitalHeight: 0.2,
+    shaftProfile: 'straight',
+    shaftTaper: 0,
+    shaftBulge: 0,
+    shaftStartScale: 0.72,
+    shaftEndScale: 0.72,
+    shaftSegmentCount: 1,
+    shaftTwistStep: 0,
+    shaftCornerRadius: 0.045,
+    shaftDetail: 'none',
+    baseStyle: 'simple-square',
+    baseWidthScale: 1.18,
+    baseDepthScale: 1.18,
+    baseTierCount: 1,
+    baseStepSpread: 0.34,
+    basePlinthHeightRatio: 0.44,
+    baseRoundBandScale: 0.92,
+    baseNeckScale: 0.72,
+    baseRoundBandCount: 0,
+    baseRibCount: 0,
+    baseCarvingLevel: 0,
+    capitalStyle: 'simple-slab',
+    capitalWidthScale: 1.18,
+    capitalDepthScale: 1.18,
+    capitalTierCount: 1,
+    capitalStepSpread: 0.34,
+    capitalBandCount: 0,
+    capitalCarvingLevel: 0,
+    ringCount: 0,
+    ringSpread: 0.16,
+    fluteCount: 0,
+    spiralTwist: 0,
+    spiralRibCount: 0,
+    panelCount: 0,
+    latheRingCount: 0,
+    carvingLevel: 0,
+    lowerBandEnabled: false,
+    dentilCount: 0,
+    beadCount: 0,
+  },
+  taperedPillar: {
+    label: 'Tapered Round',
+    style: 'plain',
+    crossSection: 'round',
+    height: 3,
+    radius: 0.23,
+    width: 0.46,
+    depth: 0.46,
+    edgeSoftness: 0.025,
+    baseHeight: 0.23,
+    capitalHeight: 0.2,
+    shaftProfile: 'tapered',
+    shaftTaper: 0.14,
+    shaftBulge: 0,
+    shaftStartScale: 0.82,
+    shaftEndScale: 0.72,
+    shaftSegmentCount: 32,
+    shaftTwistStep: 0,
+    shaftCornerRadius: 0.035,
+    shaftDetail: 'none',
+    baseStyle: 'square-plinth',
+    baseWidthScale: 1.26,
+    baseDepthScale: 1.26,
+    baseTierCount: 1,
+    baseStepSpread: 0.34,
+    basePlinthHeightRatio: 0.44,
+    baseRoundBandScale: 0.92,
+    baseNeckScale: 0.72,
+    baseRoundBandCount: 0,
+    baseRibCount: 0,
+    baseCarvingLevel: 0,
+    capitalStyle: 'simple-slab',
+    capitalWidthScale: 1.22,
+    capitalDepthScale: 1.22,
+    capitalTierCount: 1,
+    capitalStepSpread: 0.34,
+    capitalBandCount: 0,
+    capitalCarvingLevel: 0,
+    ringCount: 0,
+    ringSpread: 0.16,
+    fluteCount: 0,
+    spiralTwist: 0,
+    spiralRibCount: 0,
+    panelCount: 0,
+    latheRingCount: 0,
+    carvingLevel: 0,
+    lowerBandEnabled: false,
+    dentilCount: 0,
+    beadCount: 0,
+  },
+  bulgedPillar: {
+    label: 'Soft Bulged',
+    style: 'plain',
+    crossSection: 'round',
+    height: 2.9,
+    radius: 0.22,
+    width: 0.44,
+    depth: 0.44,
+    edgeSoftness: 0.025,
+    baseHeight: 0.22,
+    capitalHeight: 0.2,
+    shaftProfile: 'bulged',
+    shaftTaper: 0,
+    shaftBulge: 0.12,
+    shaftStartScale: 0.68,
+    shaftEndScale: 0.68,
+    shaftSegmentCount: 32,
+    shaftTwistStep: 0,
+    shaftCornerRadius: 0.035,
+    shaftDetail: 'none',
+    baseStyle: 'square-plinth',
+    baseWidthScale: 1.24,
+    baseDepthScale: 1.24,
+    baseTierCount: 1,
+    baseStepSpread: 0.34,
+    basePlinthHeightRatio: 0.44,
+    baseRoundBandScale: 0.92,
+    baseNeckScale: 0.72,
+    baseRoundBandCount: 0,
+    baseRibCount: 0,
+    baseCarvingLevel: 0,
+    capitalStyle: 'simple-slab',
+    capitalWidthScale: 1.2,
+    capitalDepthScale: 1.2,
+    capitalTierCount: 1,
+    capitalStepSpread: 0.34,
+    capitalBandCount: 0,
+    capitalCarvingLevel: 0,
+    ringCount: 0,
+    ringSpread: 0.16,
+    fluteCount: 0,
+    spiralTwist: 0,
+    spiralRibCount: 0,
+    panelCount: 0,
+    latheRingCount: 0,
+    carvingLevel: 0,
+    lowerBandEnabled: false,
+    dentilCount: 0,
+    beadCount: 0,
+  },
+  hourglassPillar: {
+    label: 'Hourglass',
+    style: 'plain',
+    crossSection: 'round',
+    height: 2.9,
+    radius: 0.22,
+    width: 0.44,
+    depth: 0.44,
+    edgeSoftness: 0.025,
+    baseHeight: 0.22,
+    capitalHeight: 0.2,
+    shaftProfile: 'hourglass',
+    shaftTaper: 0,
+    shaftBulge: 0.12,
+    shaftStartScale: 0.84,
+    shaftEndScale: 0.84,
+    shaftSegmentCount: 32,
+    shaftTwistStep: 0,
+    shaftCornerRadius: 0.035,
+    shaftDetail: 'none',
+    baseStyle: 'square-plinth',
+    baseWidthScale: 1.24,
+    baseDepthScale: 1.24,
+    baseTierCount: 1,
+    baseStepSpread: 0.34,
+    basePlinthHeightRatio: 0.44,
+    baseRoundBandScale: 0.92,
+    baseNeckScale: 0.72,
+    baseRoundBandCount: 0,
+    baseRibCount: 0,
+    baseCarvingLevel: 0,
+    capitalStyle: 'simple-slab',
+    capitalWidthScale: 1.2,
+    capitalDepthScale: 1.2,
+    capitalTierCount: 1,
+    capitalStepSpread: 0.34,
+    capitalBandCount: 0,
+    capitalCarvingLevel: 0,
+    ringCount: 0,
+    ringSpread: 0.16,
+    fluteCount: 0,
+    spiralTwist: 0,
+    spiralRibCount: 0,
+    panelCount: 0,
+    latheRingCount: 0,
+    carvingLevel: 0,
+    lowerBandEnabled: false,
+    dentilCount: 0,
+    beadCount: 0,
+  },
+} as const satisfies Record<string, { label: string } & Partial<z.input<typeof ColumnNode>>>
+
+export type ColumnPresetId = keyof typeof COLUMN_PRESETS
+
+export type ColumnNode = z.infer<typeof ColumnNode>
diff --git a/packages/core/src/schema/nodes/level.ts b/packages/core/src/schema/nodes/level.ts
index c1d7f371d..0b24763a0 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/schema/nodes/level.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/schema/nodes/level.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import dedent from 'dedent'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { BaseNode, nodeType, objectId } from '../base'
 import { CeilingNode } from './ceiling'
+import { ColumnNode } from './column'
 import { FenceNode } from './fence'
 import { GuideNode } from './guide'
 import { ItemNode } from './item'
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ export const LevelNode = BaseNode.extend({
       z.union([
         WallNode.shape.id,
         FenceNode.shape.id,
+        ColumnNode.shape.id,
         ItemNode.shape.id,
         ZoneNode.shape.id,
         SlabNode.shape.id,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/schema/types.ts b/packages/core/src/schema/types.ts
index 00e07fa19..a4977b5d4 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/schema/types.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/schema/types.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import z from 'zod'
 import { BuildingNode } from './nodes/building'
 import { CeilingNode } from './nodes/ceiling'
+import { ColumnNode } from './nodes/column'
 import { DoorNode } from './nodes/door'
 import { FenceNode } from './nodes/fence'
 import { GuideNode } from './nodes/guide'
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ export const AnyNode = z.discriminatedUnion('type', [
   SiteNode,
   BuildingNode,
   LevelNode,
+  ColumnNode,
   WallNode,
   FenceNode,
   ItemNode,
diff --git a/packages/editor/src/components/editor/floating-action-menu.tsx b/packages/editor/src/components/editor/floating-action-menu.tsx
index fec5d288e..2f696d275 100755
--- a/packages/editor/src/components/editor/floating-action-menu.tsx
+++ b/packages/editor/src/components/editor/floating-action-menu.tsx
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import {
   type AnyNode,
   type AnyNodeId,
   type CeilingNode,
+  ColumnNode,
   DoorNode,
   FenceNode,
   generateId,
@@ -25,8 +26,8 @@ import { Move } from 'lucide-react'
 import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react'
 import * as THREE from 'three'
 import { duplicateRoofSubtree } from '../../lib/roof-duplication'
-import { duplicateStairSubtree } from '../../lib/stair-duplication'
 import { sfxEmitter } from '../../lib/sfx-bus'
+import { duplicateStairSubtree } from '../../lib/stair-duplication'
 import useEditor from '../../store/use-editor'
 import { NodeActionMenu } from './node-action-menu'
 
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ const ALLOWED_TYPES = [
   'stair-segment',
   'wall',
   'fence',
+  'column',
   'slab',
   'ceiling',
   'spawn',
@@ -147,10 +149,7 @@ export function FloatingActionMenu() {
           node.type === 'wall'
             ? obj.localToWorld(
                 new THREE.Vector3(
-                  Math.hypot(
-                    segment.end[0] - segment.start[0],
-                    segment.end[1] - segment.start[1],
-                  ),
+                  Math.hypot(segment.end[0] - segment.start[0], segment.end[1] - segment.start[1]),
                   0,
                   0,
                 ),
@@ -186,6 +185,7 @@ export function FloatingActionMenu() {
         node.type === 'door' ||
         node.type === 'wall' ||
         node.type === 'fence' ||
+        node.type === 'column' ||
         node.type === 'slab' ||
         node.type === 'ceiling' ||
         node.type === 'spawn' ||
@@ -263,6 +263,8 @@ export function FloatingActionMenu() {
           duplicate = WindowNode.parse(duplicateInfo)
         } else if (node.type === 'item') {
           duplicate = ItemNode.parse(duplicateInfo)
+        } else if (node.type === 'column') {
+          duplicate = ColumnNode.parse(duplicateInfo)
         } else if (node.type === 'wall') {
           duplicate = WallNode.parse(duplicateInfo)
         } else if (node.type === 'fence') {
@@ -323,6 +325,7 @@ export function FloatingActionMenu() {
         }
         if (
           duplicate.type === 'item' ||
+          duplicate.type === 'column' ||
           duplicate.type === 'wall' ||
           duplicate.type === 'fence' ||
           duplicate.type === 'window' ||
@@ -335,7 +338,7 @@ export function FloatingActionMenu() {
         } else if (duplicate.type === 'stair') {
           setSelection({ selectedIds: [duplicate.id as AnyNodeId] })
         }
-        if (duplicate.type !== 'stair' && duplicate.type !== 'roof') {
+        if (duplicate.type !== 'stair') {
           setSelection({ selectedIds: [] })
         }
       }
diff --git a/packages/editor/src/components/editor/floorplan-panel.tsx b/packages/editor/src/components/editor/floorplan-panel.tsx
index bf3b5f9cd..9e20eee14 100644
--- a/packages/editor/src/components/editor/floorplan-panel.tsx
+++ b/packages/editor/src/components/editor/floorplan-panel.tsx
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ import {
   rotatePlanVector as rotateSharedPlanVector,
   type FloorplanNodeTransform as SharedFloorplanNodeTransform,
 } from '../../lib/floorplan'
+import { guideEmitter } from '../../lib/guide-events'
 import { duplicateRoofSubtree } from '../../lib/roof-duplication'
 import { sfxEmitter } from '../../lib/sfx-bus'
 import { duplicateStairSubtree } from '../../lib/stair-duplication'
@@ -9131,9 +9132,9 @@ export function FloorplanPanel() {
       }
     }
 
-    emitter.on('guide:set-reference-scale', handleSetReferenceScale)
+    guideEmitter.on('guide:set-reference-scale', handleSetReferenceScale)
     return () => {
-      emitter.off('guide:set-reference-scale', handleSetReferenceScale)
+      guideEmitter.off('guide:set-reference-scale', handleSetReferenceScale)
     }
   }, [startReferenceScaleForGuide])
 
@@ -9143,9 +9144,9 @@ export function FloorplanPanel() {
       setPendingReferenceScale(null)
     }
 
-    emitter.on('guide:cancel-reference-scale', handleCancel)
+    guideEmitter.on('guide:cancel-reference-scale', handleCancel)
     return () => {
-      emitter.off('guide:cancel-reference-scale', handleCancel)
+      guideEmitter.off('guide:cancel-reference-scale', handleCancel)
     }
   }, [])
 
@@ -9160,9 +9161,9 @@ export function FloorplanPanel() {
       clearGuideUi(payload.guideId)
     }
 
-    emitter.on('guide:deleted', handleDeleted)
+    guideEmitter.on('guide:deleted', handleDeleted)
     return () => {
-      emitter.off('guide:deleted', handleDeleted)
+      guideEmitter.off('guide:deleted', handleDeleted)
     }
   }, [clearGuideUi])
 
diff --git a/packages/editor/src/components/editor/selection-manager.tsx b/packages/editor/src/components/editor/selection-manager.tsx
index b42ee1c8e..71f278cf1 100755
--- a/packages/editor/src/components/editor/selection-manager.tsx
+++ b/packages/editor/src/components/editor/selection-manager.tsx
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import {
   type AnyNodeId,
   type BuildingNode,
   type CeilingNode,
+  type ColumnNode,
   emitter,
   type FenceNode,
   getMaterialPresetByRef,
@@ -65,6 +66,7 @@ type SelectableNodeType =
   | 'wall'
   | 'fence'
   | 'item'
+  | 'column'
   | 'building'
   | 'zone'
   | 'slab'
@@ -333,7 +335,7 @@ function applyStairPaintPreview(
 }
 
 function applySingleSurfacePaintPreview(
-  node: FenceNode | SlabNode | CeilingNode,
+  node: FenceNode | ColumnNode | SlabNode | CeilingNode,
   material: ActivePaintMaterial,
 ): PaintPreviewCleanup | null {
   if (node.type === 'ceiling') {
@@ -377,12 +379,32 @@ function applySingleSurfacePaintPreview(
     }
   }
 
-  const mesh = getRegisteredMesh(node.id)
-  if (!mesh) return null
+  const registeredObject = getRegisteredNodeObject(node.id)
+  const mesh =
+    registeredObject && (registeredObject as Mesh).isMesh ? (registeredObject as Mesh) : null
 
   const previewMaterial = getSingleSurfacePreviewMaterial(material)
   if (!previewMaterial) return null
 
+  if (node.type === 'column') {
+    if (!registeredObject) return null
+    const restores: PaintPreviewCleanup[] = []
+
+    registeredObject.traverse((object) => {
+      if (!(object as Mesh).isMesh) return
+      restores.push(previewMeshMaterial(object as Mesh, previewMaterial))
+    })
+
+    if (restores.length === 0) return null
+    return () => {
+      for (let index = restores.length - 1; index >= 0; index -= 1) {
+        restores[index]?.()
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!mesh) return null
+
   if (node.type === 'slab') {
     const slabMaterial = previewMaterial.clone()
     applyMaterialPresetToMaterials(slabMaterial, getMaterialPresetByRef(material.materialPreset))
@@ -542,6 +564,7 @@ const SELECTION_STRATEGIES: Record<string, SelectionStrategy> = {
       'wall',
       'fence',
       'item',
+      'column',
       'zone',
       'slab',
       'ceiling',
@@ -595,6 +618,7 @@ const SELECTION_STRATEGIES: Record<string, SelectionStrategy> = {
       if (
         node.type === 'wall' ||
         node.type === 'fence' ||
+        node.type === 'column' ||
         node.type === 'slab' ||
         node.type === 'ceiling' ||
         node.type === 'roof' ||
@@ -658,6 +682,7 @@ const getSelectionTarget = (node: AnyNode): SelectionTarget | null => {
   if (
     node.type === 'wall' ||
     node.type === 'fence' ||
+    node.type === 'column' ||
     node.type === 'slab' ||
     node.type === 'ceiling' ||
     node.type === 'roof' ||
@@ -857,7 +882,12 @@ export const SelectionManager = () => {
         }
       }
 
-      if (node.type === 'fence' || node.type === 'slab' || node.type === 'ceiling') {
+      if (
+        node.type === 'fence' ||
+        node.type === 'column' ||
+        node.type === 'slab' ||
+        node.type === 'ceiling'
+      ) {
         const compatible = hasActivePaintMaterial(activePaintMaterial)
 
         return {
@@ -870,17 +900,16 @@ export const SelectionManager = () => {
                   .getState()
                   .updateNode(
                     node.id as AnyNodeId,
-                    buildSingleSurfaceMaterialPatch<FenceNode | SlabNode | CeilingNode>(
-                      activePaintMaterial.material,
-                      activePaintMaterial.materialPreset,
-                    ),
+                    buildSingleSurfaceMaterialPatch<
+                      FenceNode | ColumnNode | SlabNode | CeilingNode
+                    >(activePaintMaterial.material, activePaintMaterial.materialPreset),
                   )
               }
             : null,
           preview: compatible
             ? () =>
                 applySingleSurfacePaintPreview(
-                  node as FenceNode | SlabNode | CeilingNode,
+                  node as FenceNode | ColumnNode | SlabNode | CeilingNode,
                   activePaintMaterial,
                 )
             : () => previewCursor('not-allowed'),
@@ -963,6 +992,7 @@ export const SelectionManager = () => {
       'wall',
       'fence',
       'item',
+      'column',
       'slab',
       'ceiling',
       'roof',
@@ -1131,6 +1161,7 @@ export const SelectionManager = () => {
       'wall',
       'fence',
       'item',
+      'column',
       'building',
       'zone',
       'slab',
@@ -1227,6 +1258,7 @@ export const SelectionManager = () => {
       } else if (
         node.type === 'wall' ||
         node.type === 'fence' ||
+        node.type === 'column' ||
         node.type === 'slab' ||
         node.type === 'ceiling' ||
         node.type === 'roof' ||
@@ -1279,6 +1311,7 @@ export const SelectionManager = () => {
       'wall',
       'fence',
       'item',
+      'column',
       'building',
       'slab',
       'ceiling',
@@ -1352,6 +1385,7 @@ export const SelectionManager = () => {
       'wall',
       'fence',
       'item',
+      'column',
       'slab',
       'ceiling',
       'roof',
diff --git a/packages/editor/src/components/editor/wall-measurement-label.tsx b/packages/editor/src/components/editor/wall-measurement-label.tsx
index 8c61b407f..60b041ceb 100755
--- a/packages/editor/src/components/editor/wall-measurement-label.tsx
+++ b/packages/editor/src/components/editor/wall-measurement-label.tsx
@@ -4,10 +4,12 @@ import {
   type AnyNodeId,
   calculateLevelMiters,
   DEFAULT_WALL_HEIGHT,
+  getScaledDimensions,
   getWallCurveLength,
   getWallMiterBoundaryPoints,
   getWallPlanFootprint,
   getWallSurfacePolygon,
+  type ItemNode,
   isCurvedWall,
   type Point2D,
   pointToKey,
@@ -27,6 +29,8 @@ const GUIDE_Y_OFFSET = 0.08
 const LABEL_LIFT = 0.08
 const BAR_THICKNESS = 0.012
 const LINE_OPACITY = 0.95
+const HEIGHT_TICK_HALF_LENGTH = 0.14
+const HEIGHT_GUIDE_OUTSIDE_OFFSET = 0.16
 
 const BAR_AXIS = new THREE.Vector3(0, 1, 0)
 
@@ -39,6 +43,18 @@ type MeasurementGuide = {
   extEndStart: Vec3
   extEndEnd: Vec3
   labelPosition: Vec3
+  heightStart: Vec3
+  heightEnd: Vec3
+  heightBottomTickStart: Vec3
+  heightBottomTickEnd: Vec3
+  heightTopTickStart: Vec3
+  heightTopTickEnd: Vec3
+  heightLabelPosition: Vec3
+}
+
+type WallFaceLine = {
+  start: Point2D
+  end: Point2D
 }
 
 function formatMeasurement(value: number, unit: 'metric' | 'imperial') {
@@ -57,28 +73,28 @@ export function WallMeasurementLabel() {
   const nodes = useScene((state) => state.nodes)
 
   const selectedId = selectedIds.length === 1 ? selectedIds[0] : null
-  const selectedNode = selectedId ? nodes[selectedId as WallNode['id']] : null
-  const wall = selectedNode?.type === 'wall' ? selectedNode : null
+  const selectedNode = selectedId ? nodes[selectedId as AnyNodeId] : null
+  const measurableNode =
+    selectedNode?.type === 'wall' || selectedNode?.type === 'item' ? selectedNode : null
 
-  const [wallObjectState, setWallObjectState] = useState<{
-    id: WallNode['id']
+  const [objectState, setObjectState] = useState<{
+    id: AnyNodeId
     object: THREE.Object3D
   } | null>(null)
-  const wallObject =
-    selectedId && wallObjectState?.id === selectedId ? wallObjectState.object : null
+  const selectedObject = selectedId && objectState?.id === selectedId ? objectState.object : null
 
   useFrame(() => {
-    if (!selectedId || wallObject) return
+    if (!selectedId || selectedObject) return
 
-    const nextWallObject = sceneRegistry.nodes.get(selectedId)
-    if (nextWallObject) {
-      setWallObjectState({ id: selectedId as WallNode['id'], object: nextWallObject })
+    const nextObject = sceneRegistry.nodes.get(selectedId)
+    if (nextObject) {
+      setObjectState({ id: selectedId as AnyNodeId, object: nextObject })
     }
   })
 
-  if (!(wall && wallObject)) return null
+  if (!(measurableNode && selectedObject)) return null
 
-  return createPortal(<WallMeasurementAnnotation wall={wall} />, wallObject)
+  return createPortal(<SelectedMeasurementAnnotation node={measurableNode} />, selectedObject)
 }
 
 function getLevelWalls(
@@ -97,6 +113,114 @@ function getLevelWalls(
     .filter((node): node is WallNode => Boolean(node && node.type === 'wall'))
 }
 
+function pointMatchesWallPlanPoint(point: Point2D | undefined, planPoint: [number, number]) {
+  if (!point) return false
+
+  return Math.abs(point.x - planPoint[0]) < 1e-6 && Math.abs(point.y - planPoint[1]) < 1e-6
+}
+
+function getWallFaceLines(
+  wall: WallNode,
+  miterData: WallMiterData,
+): { left: WallFaceLine; right: WallFaceLine } | null {
+  if (isCurvedWall(wall)) return null
+
+  const footprint = getWallPlanFootprint(wall, miterData)
+  if (footprint.length < 4) return null
+
+  const startRight = footprint[0]
+  const endRight = footprint[1]
+  const hasEndCenterPoint = pointMatchesWallPlanPoint(footprint[2], wall.end)
+  const endLeft = footprint[hasEndCenterPoint ? 3 : 2]
+  const lastPoint = footprint[footprint.length - 1]
+  const hasStartCenterPoint = pointMatchesWallPlanPoint(lastPoint, wall.start)
+  const startLeft = footprint[hasStartCenterPoint ? footprint.length - 2 : footprint.length - 1]
+
+  if (!(startRight && endRight && endLeft && startLeft)) return null
+
+  return {
+    left: {
+      start: startLeft,
+      end: endLeft,
+    },
+    right: {
+      start: startRight,
+      end: endRight,
+    },
+  }
+}
+
+function getLineMidpoint(line: WallFaceLine): Point2D {
+  return {
+    x: (line.start.x + line.end.x) / 2,
+    y: (line.start.y + line.end.y) / 2,
+  }
+}
+
+function getLevelWallsCenter(levelWalls: WallNode[]): Point2D {
+  let minX = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY
+  let maxX = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY
+  let minY = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY
+  let maxY = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY
+
+  for (const candidateWall of levelWalls) {
+    minX = Math.min(minX, candidateWall.start[0], candidateWall.end[0])
+    maxX = Math.max(maxX, candidateWall.start[0], candidateWall.end[0])
+    minY = Math.min(minY, candidateWall.start[1], candidateWall.end[1])
+    maxY = Math.max(maxY, candidateWall.start[1], candidateWall.end[1])
+  }
+
+  return {
+    x: minX === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY ? 0 : (minX + maxX) / 2,
+    y: minY === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY ? 0 : (minY + maxY) / 2,
+  }
+}
+
+function getWallOuterFaceLine(
+  wall: WallNode,
+  miterData: WallMiterData,
+  levelWalls: WallNode[],
+): WallFaceLine | null {
+  const faceLines = getWallFaceLines(wall, miterData)
+  if (!faceLines) return null
+
+  if (wall.frontSide === 'exterior' && wall.backSide !== 'exterior') {
+    return faceLines.left
+  }
+
+  if (wall.backSide === 'exterior' && wall.frontSide !== 'exterior') {
+    return faceLines.right
+  }
+
+  const dx = wall.end[0] - wall.start[0]
+  const dy = wall.end[1] - wall.start[1]
+  const length = Math.hypot(dx, dy)
+  if (length < 1e-6) return null
+
+  const wallMidpoint = {
+    x: (wall.start[0] + wall.end[0]) / 2,
+    y: (wall.start[1] + wall.end[1]) / 2,
+  }
+  const levelCenter = getLevelWallsCenter(levelWalls)
+  const normal = { x: -dy / length, y: dx / length }
+  const fromCenter = {
+    x: wallMidpoint.x - levelCenter.x,
+    y: wallMidpoint.y - levelCenter.y,
+  }
+  const outwardNormal =
+    fromCenter.x * normal.x + fromCenter.y * normal.y >= 0 ? normal : { x: -normal.x, y: -normal.y }
+  const rightMidpoint = getLineMidpoint(faceLines.right)
+  const leftMidpoint = getLineMidpoint(faceLines.left)
+  const rightScore =
+    (rightMidpoint.x - wallMidpoint.x) * outwardNormal.x +
+    (rightMidpoint.y - wallMidpoint.y) * outwardNormal.y
+  const leftScore =
+    (leftMidpoint.x - wallMidpoint.x) * outwardNormal.x +
+    (leftMidpoint.y - wallMidpoint.y) * outwardNormal.y
+
+  return rightScore >= leftScore ? faceLines.right : faceLines.left
+}
+
 function getWallMiddlePoints(
   wall: WallNode,
   miterData: WallMiterData,
@@ -136,7 +260,10 @@ function worldPointToWallLocal(wall: WallNode, point: Point2D): Vec3 {
   return [dx * cosA - dz * sinA, 0, dx * sinA + dz * cosA]
 }
 
-function getWallExteriorOffsetSign(wall: Pick<WallNode, 'frontSide' | 'backSide'>) {
+function getWallExteriorOffsetSign(
+  wall: Pick<WallNode, 'start' | 'end' | 'frontSide' | 'backSide'>,
+  levelWalls: WallNode[],
+) {
   if (wall.frontSide === 'exterior' && wall.backSide !== 'exterior') {
     return 1
   }
@@ -145,10 +272,31 @@ function getWallExteriorOffsetSign(wall: Pick<WallNode, 'frontSide' | 'backSide'
     return -1
   }
 
-  return 1
+  const dx = wall.end[0] - wall.start[0]
+  const dy = wall.end[1] - wall.start[1]
+  const length = Math.hypot(dx, dy)
+
+  if (length < 1e-6) return 1
+
+  const wallMidpoint = {
+    x: (wall.start[0] + wall.end[0]) / 2,
+    y: (wall.start[1] + wall.end[1]) / 2,
+  }
+  const levelCenter = getLevelWallsCenter(levelWalls)
+  const normal = { x: -dy / length, y: dx / length }
+  const fromCenter = {
+    x: wallMidpoint.x - levelCenter.x,
+    y: wallMidpoint.y - levelCenter.y,
+  }
+
+  return fromCenter.x * normal.x + fromCenter.y * normal.y >= 0 ? 1 : -1
 }
 
-function getCurvedWallMeasurementPath(wall: WallNode, miterData: WallMiterData): Point2D[] | null {
+function getCurvedWallMeasurementPath(
+  wall: WallNode,
+  miterData: WallMiterData,
+  levelWalls: WallNode[],
+): Point2D[] | null {
   const boundaryPoints = getWallMiterBoundaryPoints(wall, miterData)
   if (!boundaryPoints) return null
 
@@ -156,7 +304,7 @@ function getCurvedWallMeasurementPath(wall: WallNode, miterData: WallMiterData):
   const sidePointCount = 25
   if (surface.length < sidePointCount * 2) return null
 
-  const offsetSign = getWallExteriorOffsetSign(wall)
+  const offsetSign = getWallExteriorOffsetSign(wall, levelWalls)
   if (offsetSign >= 0) {
     return surface.slice(sidePointCount).reverse()
   }
@@ -170,14 +318,16 @@ function buildMeasurementGuide(
 ): MeasurementGuide | null {
   const levelWalls = getLevelWalls(wall, nodes)
   const miterData = calculateLevelMiters(levelWalls)
-  const middlePoints = getWallMiddlePoints(wall, miterData)
-  if (!middlePoints) return null
+  const measurementLine = getWallOuterFaceLine(wall, miterData, levelWalls)
+  const fallbackMiddlePoints = measurementLine ? null : getWallMiddlePoints(wall, miterData)
+  const measurementPoints = measurementLine ?? fallbackMiddlePoints
+  if (!measurementPoints) return null
 
   const height = wall.height ?? DEFAULT_WALL_HEIGHT
-  const startLocal = worldPointToWallLocal(wall, middlePoints.start)
-  const endLocal = worldPointToWallLocal(wall, middlePoints.end)
+  const startLocal = worldPointToWallLocal(wall, measurementPoints.start)
+  const endLocal = worldPointToWallLocal(wall, measurementPoints.end)
   const curvedMeasurementPath = isCurvedWall(wall)
-    ? getCurvedWallMeasurementPath(wall, miterData)
+    ? getCurvedWallMeasurementPath(wall, miterData, levelWalls)
     : null
   const guidePath: Vec3[] = curvedMeasurementPath
     ? curvedMeasurementPath.map((point) => {
@@ -224,6 +374,38 @@ function buildMeasurementGuide(
         guideStart[1],
         (guideStart[2] + guideEnd[2]) / 2,
       ] as Vec3)
+  const rawHeightGuidePosition = [guideEnd[0], 0, guideEnd[2]] as Vec3
+  const beforeGuideEnd = guidePath[guidePath.length - 2] ?? guideStart
+  const tickDx = guideEnd[0] - beforeGuideEnd[0]
+  const tickDz = guideEnd[2] - beforeGuideEnd[2]
+  const tickLength = Math.hypot(tickDx, tickDz)
+  const tangentX = tickLength > 1e-6 ? tickDx / tickLength : 1
+  const tangentZ = tickLength > 1e-6 ? tickDz / tickLength : 0
+  const tickUnitX = -tangentZ
+  const tickUnitZ = tangentX
+  const wallEndLocal = worldPointToWallLocal(wall, { x: wall.end[0], y: wall.end[1] })
+  const endOutwardX = rawHeightGuidePosition[0] - wallEndLocal[0]
+  const endOutwardZ = rawHeightGuidePosition[2] - wallEndLocal[2]
+  const outsideSign = endOutwardX * tickUnitX + endOutwardZ * tickUnitZ >= 0 ? 1 : -1
+  const heightGuidePosition = [
+    rawHeightGuidePosition[0] + tickUnitX * outsideSign * HEIGHT_GUIDE_OUTSIDE_OFFSET,
+    0,
+    rawHeightGuidePosition[2] + tickUnitZ * outsideSign * HEIGHT_GUIDE_OUTSIDE_OFFSET,
+  ] as Vec3
+  const getHorizontalHeightTick = (y: number): { start: Vec3; end: Vec3 } => ({
+    start: [
+      heightGuidePosition[0] - tickUnitX * HEIGHT_TICK_HALF_LENGTH,
+      y,
+      heightGuidePosition[2] - tickUnitZ * HEIGHT_TICK_HALF_LENGTH,
+    ],
+    end: [
+      heightGuidePosition[0] + tickUnitX * HEIGHT_TICK_HALF_LENGTH,
+      y,
+      heightGuidePosition[2] + tickUnitZ * HEIGHT_TICK_HALF_LENGTH,
+    ],
+  })
+  const bottomHeightTick = getHorizontalHeightTick(0)
+  const topHeightTick = getHorizontalHeightTick(height)
 
   return {
     guidePath,
@@ -236,6 +418,37 @@ function buildMeasurementGuide(
     extEndStart: [extensionEndBase[0], height, extensionEndBase[2]],
     extEndEnd: [extensionEndBase[0], height + GUIDE_Y_OFFSET + extOvershoot, extensionEndBase[2]],
     labelPosition: [midpoint[0], midpoint[1] + LABEL_LIFT, midpoint[2]],
+    heightStart: [heightGuidePosition[0], 0, heightGuidePosition[2]],
+    heightEnd: [heightGuidePosition[0], height, heightGuidePosition[2]],
+    heightBottomTickStart: bottomHeightTick.start,
+    heightBottomTickEnd: bottomHeightTick.end,
+    heightTopTickStart: topHeightTick.start,
+    heightTopTickEnd: topHeightTick.end,
+    heightLabelPosition: [heightGuidePosition[0], height / 2, heightGuidePosition[2]],
+  }
+}
+
+type HeightGuide = {
+  start: Vec3
+  end: Vec3
+  labelPosition: Vec3
+}
+
+function buildItemHeightGuide(item: ItemNode): { guide: HeightGuide; height: number } | null {
+  const [width, height, depth] = getScaledDimensions(item)
+
+  if (!Number.isFinite(height) || height < 0.01) return null
+
+  const x = Number.isFinite(width) ? width / 2 + 0.18 : 0.18
+  const z = Number.isFinite(depth) ? depth / 2 + 0.18 : 0.18
+
+  return {
+    height,
+    guide: {
+      start: [x, 0, z],
+      end: [x, height, z],
+      labelPosition: [x, height / 2, z],
+    },
   }
 }
 
@@ -286,6 +499,45 @@ function MeasurementPath({ path, color }: { path: Vec3[]; color: string }) {
   )
 }
 
+function MeasurementLabel({
+  label,
+  position,
+  color,
+  shadowColor,
+}: {
+  label: string
+  position: Vec3
+  color: string
+  shadowColor: string
+}) {
+  return (
+    <Html
+      center
+      position={position}
+      style={{ pointerEvents: 'none', userSelect: 'none' }}
+      zIndexRange={[20, 0]}
+    >
+      <div
+        className="whitespace-nowrap font-bold font-mono text-[15px]"
+        style={{
+          color,
+          textShadow: `-1.5px -1.5px 0 ${shadowColor}, 1.5px -1.5px 0 ${shadowColor}, -1.5px 1.5px 0 ${shadowColor}, 1.5px 1.5px 0 ${shadowColor}, 0 0 4px ${shadowColor}, 0 0 4px ${shadowColor}`,
+        }}
+      >
+        {label}
+      </div>
+    </Html>
+  )
+}
+
+function SelectedMeasurementAnnotation({ node }: { node: WallNode | ItemNode }) {
+  if (node.type === 'wall') {
+    return <WallMeasurementAnnotation wall={node} />
+  }
+
+  return <ItemHeightMeasurementAnnotation item={node} />
+}
+
 function WallMeasurementAnnotation({ wall }: { wall: WallNode }) {
   const nodes = useScene((state) => state.nodes)
   const theme = useViewer((state) => state.theme)
@@ -316,6 +568,7 @@ function WallMeasurementAnnotation({ wall }: { wall: WallNode }) {
     return total
   }, [guide, wall])
   const label = formatMeasurement(length, unit)
+  const heightLabel = `H ${formatMeasurement(wall.height ?? DEFAULT_WALL_HEIGHT, unit)}`
 
   if (!(guide && Number.isFinite(length) && length >= 0.01)) return null
 
@@ -324,23 +577,50 @@ function WallMeasurementAnnotation({ wall }: { wall: WallNode }) {
       <MeasurementPath color={color} path={guide.guidePath} />
       <MeasurementBar color={color} end={guide.extStartEnd} start={guide.extStartStart} />
       <MeasurementBar color={color} end={guide.extEndEnd} start={guide.extEndStart} />
+      <MeasurementBar color={color} end={guide.heightEnd} start={guide.heightStart} />
+      <MeasurementBar
+        color={color}
+        end={guide.heightBottomTickEnd}
+        start={guide.heightBottomTickStart}
+      />
+      <MeasurementBar color={color} end={guide.heightTopTickEnd} start={guide.heightTopTickStart} />
 
-      <Html
-        center
+      <MeasurementLabel
+        color={color}
+        label={label}
         position={guide.labelPosition}
-        style={{ pointerEvents: 'none', userSelect: 'none' }}
-        zIndexRange={[20, 0]}
-      >
-        <div
-          className="whitespace-nowrap font-bold font-mono text-[15px]"
-          style={{
-            color,
-            textShadow: `-1.5px -1.5px 0 ${shadowColor}, 1.5px -1.5px 0 ${shadowColor}, -1.5px 1.5px 0 ${shadowColor}, 1.5px 1.5px 0 ${shadowColor}, 0 0 4px ${shadowColor}, 0 0 4px ${shadowColor}`,
-          }}
-        >
-          {label}
-        </div>
-      </Html>
+        shadowColor={shadowColor}
+      />
+      <MeasurementLabel
+        color={color}
+        label={heightLabel}
+        position={guide.heightLabelPosition}
+        shadowColor={shadowColor}
+      />
+    </group>
+  )
+}
+
+function ItemHeightMeasurementAnnotation({ item }: { item: ItemNode }) {
+  const theme = useViewer((state) => state.theme)
+  const unit = useViewer((state) => state.unit)
+  const isNight = theme === 'dark'
+  const color = isNight ? '#ffffff' : '#111111'
+  const shadowColor = isNight ? '#111111' : '#ffffff'
+
+  const measurement = useMemo(() => buildItemHeightGuide(item), [item])
+
+  if (!measurement) return null
+
+  return (
+    <group>
+      <MeasurementBar color={color} end={measurement.guide.end} start={measurement.guide.start} />
+      <MeasurementLabel
+        color={color}
+        label={`H ${formatMeasurement(measurement.height, unit)}`}
+        position={measurement.guide.labelPosition}
+        shadowColor={shadowColor}
+      />
     </group>
   )
 }
diff --git a/packages/editor/src/components/tools/column/column-tool.tsx b/packages/editor/src/components/tools/column/column-tool.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e9593d1a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/editor/src/components/tools/column/column-tool.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+import '../../../three-types'
+
+import {
+  COLUMN_PRESETS,
+  ColumnNode,
+  type ColumnNode as ColumnNodeType,
+  type ColumnPresetId,
+  emitter,
+  type GridEvent,
+  type LevelNode,
+  useScene,
+} from '@pascal-app/core'
+import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react'
+import type { Group } from 'three'
+import { sfxEmitter } from '../../../lib/sfx-bus'
+import useEditor from '../../../store/use-editor'
+import { CursorSphere } from '../shared/cursor-sphere'
+
+const COLUMN_ICON = (
+  // eslint-disable-next-line @next/next/no-img-element
+  <img
+    alt="Column"
+    src="/icons/column.png"
+    style={{ width: '100%', height: '100%', objectFit: 'contain' }}
+  />
+)
+
+const roundToHalf = (value: number) => Math.round(value * 2) / 2
+const DEFAULT_COLUMN_PRESET_ID = 'basicPillar' satisfies ColumnPresetId
+
+function createColumnFromPreset(presetId: ColumnPresetId, position: [number, number, number]) {
+  const { label, ...preset } = COLUMN_PRESETS[presetId]
+  return ColumnNode.parse({
+    name: label,
+    position,
+    rotation: 0,
+    ...preset,
+  })
+}
+
+type ColumnToolProps = {
+  currentLevelId: LevelNode['id'] | null
+  onPlaced?: (nodeId: ColumnNodeType['id']) => void
+}
+
+export const ColumnTool: React.FC<ColumnToolProps> = ({ currentLevelId, onPlaced }) => {
+  const [, setCursorPosition] = useState<[number, number, number] | null>(null)
+  const cursorRef = useRef<Group>(null)
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!currentLevelId) return
+
+    const onGridMove = (event: GridEvent) => {
+      const nextPosition: [number, number, number] = [
+        roundToHalf(event.localPosition[0]),
+        0,
+        roundToHalf(event.localPosition[2]),
+      ]
+      setCursorPosition(nextPosition)
+      cursorRef.current?.position.set(nextPosition[0], event.localPosition[1], nextPosition[2])
+    }
+
+    const onGridClick = (event: GridEvent) => {
+      const position: [number, number, number] = [
+        roundToHalf(event.localPosition[0]),
+        0,
+        roundToHalf(event.localPosition[2]),
+      ]
+      const column = createColumnFromPreset(DEFAULT_COLUMN_PRESET_ID, position)
+      useScene.getState().createNode(column, currentLevelId)
+      onPlaced?.(column.id)
+      sfxEmitter.emit('sfx:structure-build')
+      useEditor.getState().setTool(null)
+      useEditor.getState().setMode('select')
+    }
+
+    emitter.on('grid:move', onGridMove)
+    emitter.on('grid:click', onGridClick)
+
+    return () => {
+      emitter.off('grid:move', onGridMove)
+      emitter.off('grid:click', onGridClick)
+    }
+  }, [currentLevelId, onPlaced])
+
+  if (!currentLevelId) return null
+
+  return (
+    <CursorSphere
+      color="#a78bfa"
+      height={2.8}
+      ref={cursorRef}
+      showTooltip
+      tooltipContent={COLUMN_ICON}
+    />
+  )
+}
diff --git a/packages/editor/src/components/tools/column/move-column-tool.tsx b/packages/editor/src/components/tools/column/move-column-tool.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ae02e102b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/editor/src/components/tools/column/move-column-tool.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+import '../../../three-types'
+
+import {
+  type AnyNodeId,
+  ColumnNode,
+  type ColumnNode as ColumnNodeType,
+  emitter,
+  type GridEvent,
+  sceneRegistry,
+  useLiveTransforms,
+  useScene,
+} from '@pascal-app/core'
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useState } from 'react'
+import { markToolCancelConsumed } from '../../../hooks/use-keyboard'
+import { sfxEmitter } from '../../../lib/sfx-bus'
+import useEditor from '../../../store/use-editor'
+import { CursorSphere } from '../shared/cursor-sphere'
+
+const roundToHalf = (value: number) => Math.round(value * 2) / 2
+
+export function MoveColumnTool({ node }: { node: ColumnNodeType }) {
+  const [previewPosition, setPreviewPosition] = useState<[number, number, number]>(node.position)
+
+  const exitMoveMode = useCallback(() => {
+    useEditor.getState().setMovingNode(null)
+  }, [])
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    useScene.temporal.getState().pause()
+    let committed = false
+
+    const applyPreview = (position: [number, number, number]) => {
+      setPreviewPosition(position)
+      useLiveTransforms.getState().set(node.id, {
+        position,
+        rotation: node.rotation,
+      })
+      sceneRegistry.nodes.get(node.id)?.position.set(position[0], position[1], position[2])
+    }
+
+    const onGridMove = (event: GridEvent) => {
+      applyPreview([roundToHalf(event.localPosition[0]), 0, roundToHalf(event.localPosition[2])])
+    }
+
+    const onGridClick = (event: GridEvent) => {
+      const position: [number, number, number] = [
+        roundToHalf(event.localPosition[0]),
+        0,
+        roundToHalf(event.localPosition[2]),
+      ]
+      const nodeId = (node as { id?: ColumnNodeType['id'] }).id
+
+      if (nodeId && useScene.getState().nodes[nodeId]) {
+        committed = true
+        useLiveTransforms.getState().clear(nodeId)
+        useScene.temporal.getState().resume()
+        useScene.getState().updateNode(nodeId, { position })
+      } else if (node.parentId) {
+        const column = ColumnNode.parse({
+          ...node,
+          id: undefined,
+          metadata: {},
+          position,
+        })
+        committed = true
+        useScene.temporal.getState().resume()
+        useScene.getState().createNode(column, node.parentId as AnyNodeId)
+      }
+
+      useLiveTransforms.getState().clear(node.id)
+      sfxEmitter.emit('sfx:item-place')
+      exitMoveMode()
+      event.nativeEvent?.stopPropagation?.()
+    }
+
+    const onCancel = () => {
+      useLiveTransforms.getState().clear(node.id)
+      sceneRegistry.nodes
+        .get(node.id)
+        ?.position.set(node.position[0], node.position[1], node.position[2])
+      useScene.temporal.getState().resume()
+      markToolCancelConsumed()
+      exitMoveMode()
+    }
+
+    emitter.on('grid:move', onGridMove)
+    emitter.on('grid:click', onGridClick)
+    emitter.on('tool:cancel', onCancel)
+
+    return () => {
+      emitter.off('grid:move', onGridMove)
+      emitter.off('grid:click', onGridClick)
+      emitter.off('tool:cancel', onCancel)
+      useLiveTransforms.getState().clear(node.id)
+      if (!committed) {
+        sceneRegistry.nodes
+          .get(node.id)
+          ?.position.set(node.position[0], node.position[1], node.position[2])
+        useScene.temporal.getState().resume()
+      }
+    }
+  }, [exitMoveMode, node])
+
+  return <CursorSphere color="#a78bfa" height={node.height} position={previewPosition} />
+}
diff --git a/packages/editor/src/components/tools/fence/fence-drafting.ts b/packages/editor/src/components/tools/fence/fence-drafting.ts
index 99ad4c06d..4f1fbd8f0 100644
--- a/packages/editor/src/components/tools/fence/fence-drafting.ts
+++ b/packages/editor/src/components/tools/fence/fence-drafting.ts
@@ -1,14 +1,21 @@
-import { FenceNode, getWallCurveFrameAt, getWallCurveLength, isCurvedWall, useScene, type WallNode } from '@pascal-app/core'
+import {
+  FenceNode,
+  getWallCurveFrameAt,
+  getWallCurveLength,
+  isCurvedWall,
+  useScene,
+  type WallNode,
+} from '@pascal-app/core'
 import { useViewer } from '@pascal-app/viewer'
 import { sfxEmitter } from '../../../lib/sfx-bus'
 import {
+  findWallSnapTarget,
   getWallAngleSnapStep,
   getWallGridStep,
-  type WallPlanPoint,
-  findWallSnapTarget,
   isWallLongEnough,
   snapPointTo45Degrees,
   snapPointToGrid,
+  type WallPlanPoint,
 } from '../wall/wall-drafting'
 
 export type FencePlanPoint = WallPlanPoint
diff --git a/packages/editor/src/components/tools/fence/fence-tool.tsx b/packages/editor/src/components/tools/fence/fence-tool.tsx
index d7091fd1b..c52f9b413 100644
--- a/packages/editor/src/components/tools/fence/fence-tool.tsx
+++ b/packages/editor/src/components/tools/fence/fence-tool.tsx
@@ -7,19 +7,129 @@ import {
   type WallNode,
 } from '@pascal-app/core'
 import { useViewer } from '@pascal-app/viewer'
-import { useEffect, useRef } from 'react'
+import { Html } from '@react-three/drei'
+import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react'
 import { DoubleSide, type Group, type Mesh, Shape, ShapeGeometry, Vector3 } from 'three'
 import { markToolCancelConsumed } from '../../../hooks/use-keyboard'
 import { EDITOR_LAYER } from '../../../lib/constants'
 import { sfxEmitter } from '../../../lib/sfx-bus'
 import { CursorSphere } from '../shared/cursor-sphere'
+import {
+  formatAngleRadians,
+  getAngleToSegmentReference,
+  getSegmentAngleReferenceAtPoint,
+} from '../shared/segment-angle'
 import {
   createFenceOnCurrentLevel,
-  snapFenceDraftPoint,
   type FencePlanPoint,
+  snapFenceDraftPoint,
 } from './fence-drafting'
 
 const FENCE_PREVIEW_HEIGHT = 1.8
+const DRAFT_LABEL_Y = FENCE_PREVIEW_HEIGHT + 0.22
+const DRAFT_ANGLE_LABEL_Y = 0.28
+
+type DraftAngleLabel = {
+  id: string
+  label: string
+  position: [number, number, number]
+}
+
+type DraftMeasurementState = {
+  lengthLabel: string
+  lengthPosition: [number, number, number]
+  angleLabels: DraftAngleLabel[]
+} | null
+
+type SegmentLike = {
+  id: string
+  start: FencePlanPoint
+  end: FencePlanPoint
+  curveOffset?: number
+}
+
+function formatMeasurement(value: number, unit: 'metric' | 'imperial') {
+  if (unit === 'imperial') {
+    const feet = value * 3.280_84
+    const wholeFeet = Math.floor(feet)
+    const inches = Math.round((feet - wholeFeet) * 12)
+    if (inches === 12) return `${wholeFeet + 1}'0"`
+    return `${wholeFeet}'${inches}"`
+  }
+
+  return `${Number.parseFloat(value.toFixed(2))}m`
+}
+
+function getDraftAngleLabels(
+  start: FencePlanPoint,
+  end: FencePlanPoint,
+  segments: SegmentLike[],
+): DraftAngleLabel[] {
+  const draftFromStart: FencePlanPoint = [end[0] - start[0], end[1] - start[1]]
+  const draftFromEnd: FencePlanPoint = [start[0] - end[0], start[1] - end[1]]
+  const endpoints = [
+    { id: 'start', point: start, draftVector: draftFromStart },
+    { id: 'end', point: end, draftVector: draftFromEnd },
+  ]
+  const labels: DraftAngleLabel[] = []
+
+  for (const endpoint of endpoints) {
+    const connectedSegment = segments.find((segment) =>
+      Boolean(getSegmentAngleReferenceAtPoint(endpoint.point, segment)),
+    )
+    if (!connectedSegment) continue
+
+    const connectedReference = getSegmentAngleReferenceAtPoint(endpoint.point, connectedSegment)
+    if (!connectedReference) continue
+
+    const angle = getAngleToSegmentReference(endpoint.draftVector, connectedReference)
+    if (angle === null) continue
+
+    labels.push({
+      id: endpoint.id,
+      label: formatAngleRadians(angle),
+      position: [endpoint.point[0], DRAFT_ANGLE_LABEL_Y, endpoint.point[1]],
+    })
+  }
+
+  return labels
+}
+
+function getDraftMeasurementState(
+  start: FencePlanPoint,
+  end: FencePlanPoint,
+  segments: SegmentLike[],
+  unit: 'metric' | 'imperial',
+): DraftMeasurementState {
+  const dx = end[0] - start[0]
+  const dz = end[1] - start[1]
+  const length = Math.hypot(dx, dz)
+
+  if (length < 0.01) return null
+
+  return {
+    lengthLabel: formatMeasurement(length, unit),
+    lengthPosition: [(start[0] + end[0]) / 2, DRAFT_LABEL_Y, (start[1] + end[1]) / 2],
+    angleLabels: getDraftAngleLabels(start, end, segments),
+  }
+}
+
+function getReferenceSegments(walls: WallNode[], fences: FenceNode[]): SegmentLike[] {
+  return [
+    ...walls.map((wall) => ({
+      id: wall.id,
+      start: wall.start,
+      end: wall.end,
+      curveOffset: wall.curveOffset,
+    })),
+    ...fences.map((fence) => ({
+      id: fence.id,
+      start: fence.start,
+      end: fence.end,
+      curveOffset: fence.curveOffset,
+    })),
+  ]
+}
 
 const updateFencePreview = (mesh: Mesh, start: Vector3, end: Vector3) => {
   const direction = new Vector3(end.x - start.x, 0, end.z - start.z)
@@ -70,12 +180,14 @@ const getCurrentLevelElements = (): { walls: WallNode[]; fences: FenceNode[] } =
 }
 
 export const FenceTool: React.FC = () => {
+  const unit = useViewer((state) => state.unit)
   const cursorRef = useRef<Group>(null)
   const previewRef = useRef<Mesh>(null!)
   const startingPoint = useRef(new Vector3(0, 0, 0))
   const endingPoint = useRef(new Vector3(0, 0, 0))
   const buildingState = useRef(0)
   const shiftPressed = useRef(false)
+  const [draftMeasurement, setDraftMeasurement] = useState<DraftMeasurementState>(null)
 
   useEffect(() => {
     let previousFenceEnd: [number, number] | null = null
@@ -107,9 +219,18 @@ export const FenceTool: React.FC = () => {
         previousFenceEnd = currentFenceEnd
 
         updateFencePreview(previewRef.current, startingPoint.current, endingPoint.current)
+        setDraftMeasurement(
+          getDraftMeasurementState(
+            [startingPoint.current.x, startingPoint.current.z],
+            snappedLocal,
+            getReferenceSegments(walls, fences),
+            unit,
+          ),
+        )
       } else {
         const snappedPoint = snapFenceDraftPoint({ point: localPoint, walls, fences })
         cursorRef.current.position.set(snappedPoint[0], event.localPosition[1], snappedPoint[1])
+        setDraftMeasurement(null)
       }
     }
 
@@ -123,6 +244,7 @@ export const FenceTool: React.FC = () => {
         endingPoint.current.copy(startingPoint.current)
         buildingState.current = 1
         previewRef.current.visible = true
+        setDraftMeasurement(null)
       } else {
         const snappedEnd = snapFenceDraftPoint({
           point: localClick,
@@ -137,6 +259,7 @@ export const FenceTool: React.FC = () => {
         createFenceOnCurrentLevel([startingPoint.current.x, startingPoint.current.z], snappedEnd)
         previewRef.current.visible = false
         buildingState.current = 0
+        setDraftMeasurement(null)
       }
     }
 
@@ -153,6 +276,7 @@ export const FenceTool: React.FC = () => {
         markToolCancelConsumed()
         buildingState.current = 0
         previewRef.current.visible = false
+        setDraftMeasurement(null)
       }
     }
 
@@ -169,7 +293,7 @@ export const FenceTool: React.FC = () => {
       window.removeEventListener('keydown', onKeyDown)
       window.removeEventListener('keyup', onKeyUp)
     }
-  }, [])
+  }, [unit])
 
   return (
     <group>
@@ -185,6 +309,38 @@ export const FenceTool: React.FC = () => {
           transparent
         />
       </mesh>
+
+      {draftMeasurement && (
+        <>
+          <DraftMeasurementLabel
+            label={draftMeasurement.lengthLabel}
+            position={draftMeasurement.lengthPosition}
+          />
+          {draftMeasurement.angleLabels.map((angleLabel) => (
+            <DraftMeasurementLabel
+              key={angleLabel.id}
+              label={angleLabel.label}
+              position={angleLabel.position}
+            />
+          ))}
+        </>
+      )}
     </group>
   )
 }
+
+function DraftMeasurementLabel({
+  label,
+  position,
+}: {
+  label: string
+  position: [number, number, number]
+}) {
+  return (
+    <Html center position={position} style={{ pointerEvents: 'none' }} zIndexRange={[100, 0]}>
+      <div className="whitespace-nowrap rounded-full border border-border bg-background/95 px-2 py-1 font-mono text-[11px] font-semibold text-foreground shadow-lg backdrop-blur-md">
+        {label}
+      </div>
+    </Html>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/packages/editor/src/components/tools/fence/move-fence-endpoint-tool.tsx b/packages/editor/src/components/tools/fence/move-fence-endpoint-tool.tsx
index 8423ec4fb..8ebb774e4 100644
--- a/packages/editor/src/components/tools/fence/move-fence-endpoint-tool.tsx
+++ b/packages/editor/src/components/tools/fence/move-fence-endpoint-tool.tsx
@@ -2,32 +2,113 @@
 
 import {
   type AnyNodeId,
-  type FenceNode,
-  type WallNode,
   emitter,
+  type FenceNode,
   type GridEvent,
   pauseSceneHistory,
   resumeSceneHistory,
   useScene,
+  type WallNode,
 } from '@pascal-app/core'
-import { Html } from '@react-three/drei'
 import { useViewer } from '@pascal-app/viewer'
+import { Html } from '@react-three/drei'
 import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react'
 import { markToolCancelConsumed } from '../../../hooks/use-keyboard'
 import { sfxEmitter } from '../../../lib/sfx-bus'
 import useEditor, { type MovingFenceEndpoint } from '../../../store/use-editor'
 import { CursorSphere } from '../shared/cursor-sphere'
-import { snapFenceDraftPoint, type FencePlanPoint } from './fence-drafting'
+import {
+  formatAngleRadians,
+  getAngleToSegmentReference,
+  getSegmentAngleReferenceAtPoint,
+} from '../shared/segment-angle'
 import { isWallLongEnough } from '../wall/wall-drafting'
+import { type FencePlanPoint, snapFenceDraftPoint } from './fence-drafting'
 
 function samePoint(a: FencePlanPoint, b: FencePlanPoint) {
   return a[0] === b[0] && a[1] === b[1]
 }
 
+type SegmentLike = {
+  id: string
+  start: FencePlanPoint
+  end: FencePlanPoint
+  curveOffset?: number
+}
+
+type AngleLabelState = {
+  label: string
+  position: [number, number, number]
+} | null
+
+function getEndpointAngleLabel(args: {
+  preview: { start: FencePlanPoint; end: FencePlanPoint; curveOffset?: number }
+  segments: SegmentLike[]
+  nodeId: FenceNode['id']
+}): AngleLabelState {
+  const { preview, segments, nodeId } = args
+  const endpoints = [
+    {
+      point: preview.start,
+    },
+    {
+      point: preview.end,
+    },
+  ]
+  const targetSegment: SegmentLike = {
+    id: nodeId,
+    start: preview.start,
+    end: preview.end,
+    curveOffset: preview.curveOffset,
+  }
+
+  for (const endpoint of endpoints) {
+    const targetReference = getSegmentAngleReferenceAtPoint(endpoint.point, targetSegment)
+    if (!targetReference) continue
+
+    const connectedSegment = segments.find(
+      (segment) =>
+        segment.id !== nodeId && Boolean(getSegmentAngleReferenceAtPoint(endpoint.point, segment)),
+    )
+    if (!connectedSegment) continue
+
+    const connectedReference = getSegmentAngleReferenceAtPoint(endpoint.point, connectedSegment)
+    if (!connectedReference) continue
+
+    const angle = getAngleToSegmentReference(targetReference.vector, connectedReference)
+    if (angle === null) continue
+
+    return {
+      label: formatAngleRadians(angle),
+      position: [endpoint.point[0], 0.34, endpoint.point[1]],
+    }
+  }
+
+  return null
+}
+
+function getReferenceSegments(walls: WallNode[], fences: FenceNode[]): SegmentLike[] {
+  return [
+    ...walls.map((wall) => ({
+      id: wall.id,
+      start: wall.start,
+      end: wall.end,
+      curveOffset: wall.curveOffset,
+    })),
+    ...fences.map((fence) => ({
+      id: fence.id,
+      start: fence.start,
+      end: fence.end,
+      curveOffset: fence.curveOffset,
+    })),
+  ]
+}
+
 type LinkedFenceSnapshot = {
   id: FenceNode['id']
   start: FencePlanPoint
   end: FencePlanPoint
+  curveOffset?: number
 }
 
 function getLinkedFenceSnapshots(args: {
@@ -62,6 +143,7 @@ function getLinkedFenceSnapshots(args: {
       id: node.id,
       start: [...node.start] as FencePlanPoint,
       end: [...node.end] as FencePlanPoint,
+      curveOffset: node.curveOffset,
     })
   }
 
@@ -77,6 +159,7 @@ function getLinkedFenceUpdates(
 ) {
   return linkedFences.map((fence) => ({
     id: fence.id,
+    curveOffset: fence.curveOffset,
     start: samePoint(fence.start, originalStart)
       ? nextStart
       : samePoint(fence.start, originalEnd)
@@ -112,6 +195,7 @@ export const MoveFenceEndpointTool: React.FC<{ target: MovingFenceEndpoint }> =
     }),
   )
   const previewRef = useRef<{ start: FencePlanPoint; end: FencePlanPoint } | null>(null)
+  const [angleLabel, setAngleLabel] = useState<AngleLabelState>(null)
 
   const [cursorLocalPos, setCursorLocalPos] = useState<[number, number, number]>(() => {
     const point = target.endpoint === 'start' ? target.fence.start : target.fence.end
@@ -158,27 +242,35 @@ export const MoveFenceEndpointTool: React.FC<{ target: MovingFenceEndpoint }> =
     const applyPreview = (movingPoint: FencePlanPoint, detachLinkedFences = false) => {
       const nextStart = target.endpoint === 'start' ? movingPoint : fixedPoint
       const nextEnd = target.endpoint === 'end' ? movingPoint : fixedPoint
+      const linkedUpdates = detachLinkedFences
+        ? []
+        : getLinkedFenceUpdates(
+            linkedOriginalsRef.current,
+            originalStart,
+            originalEnd,
+            nextStart,
+            nextEnd,
+          )
       previewRef.current = { start: nextStart, end: nextEnd }
       setCursorLocalPos([movingPoint[0], 0, movingPoint[1]])
-      applyNodePreview([
-        { id: nodeId, start: nextStart, end: nextEnd },
-        ...(detachLinkedFences
-          ? []
-          : getLinkedFenceUpdates(
-              linkedOriginalsRef.current,
-              originalStart,
-              originalEnd,
-              nextStart,
-              nextEnd,
-            )),
-      ])
+      setAngleLabel(
+        getEndpointAngleLabel({
+          preview: { start: nextStart, end: nextEnd, curveOffset: target.fence.curveOffset },
+          segments: [...getReferenceSegments(levelWalls, levelFences), ...linkedUpdates],
+          nodeId,
+        }),
+      )
+      applyNodePreview([{ id: nodeId, start: nextStart, end: nextEnd }, ...linkedUpdates])
     }
 
-    const restoreOriginal = () => {
+    const restoreOriginal = (clearAngleLabel = true) => {
       applyNodePreview([
         { id: nodeId, start: originalStart, end: originalEnd },
         ...linkedOriginalsRef.current,
       ])
+      if (clearAngleLabel) {
+        setAngleLabel(null)
+      }
     }
 
     const onGridMove = (event: GridEvent) => {
@@ -240,6 +332,7 @@ export const MoveFenceEndpointTool: React.FC<{ target: MovingFenceEndpoint }> =
       }
 
       useViewer.getState().setSelection({ selectedIds: [nodeId] })
+      setAngleLabel(null)
       exitMoveMode()
       event.nativeEvent?.stopPropagation?.()
     }
@@ -248,6 +341,7 @@ export const MoveFenceEndpointTool: React.FC<{ target: MovingFenceEndpoint }> =
       restoreOriginal()
       useViewer.getState().setSelection({ selectedIds: [nodeId] })
       resumeSceneHistory(useScene)
+      setAngleLabel(null)
       markToolCancelConsumed()
       exitMoveMode()
     }
@@ -290,7 +384,7 @@ export const MoveFenceEndpointTool: React.FC<{ target: MovingFenceEndpoint }> =
 
     return () => {
       if (!wasCommitted) {
-        restoreOriginal()
+        restoreOriginal(false)
       }
       resumeSceneHistory(useScene)
       emitter.off('grid:move', onGridMove)
@@ -322,6 +416,23 @@ export const MoveFenceEndpointTool: React.FC<{ target: MovingFenceEndpoint }> =
           </div>
         </div>
       </Html>
+      {angleLabel && <EndpointAngleLabel label={angleLabel.label} position={angleLabel.position} />}
     </group>
   )
 }
+
+function EndpointAngleLabel({
+  label,
+  position,
+}: {
+  label: string
+  position: [number, number, number]
+}) {
+  return (
+    <Html center position={position} style={{ pointerEvents: 'none' }} zIndexRange={[100, 0]}>
+      <div className="whitespace-nowrap rounded-full border border-border bg-background/95 px-2 py-1 font-mono text-[11px] font-semibold text-foreground shadow-lg backdrop-blur-md">
+        {label}
+      </div>
+    </Html>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/packages/editor/src/components/tools/item/move-tool.tsx b/packages/editor/src/components/tools/item/move-tool.tsx
index b6c1397aa..8556d4e75 100644
--- a/packages/editor/src/components/tools/item/move-tool.tsx
+++ b/packages/editor/src/components/tools/item/move-tool.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import type {
   BuildingNode,
   CeilingNode,
+  ColumnNode,
   DoorNode,
   FenceNode,
   ItemNode,
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ import { sfxEmitter } from '../../../lib/sfx-bus'
 import useEditor from '../../../store/use-editor'
 import { MoveBuildingContent } from '../building/move-building-tool'
 import { MoveCeilingTool } from '../ceiling/move-ceiling-tool'
+import { MoveColumnTool } from '../column/move-column-tool'
 import { MoveDoorTool } from '../door/move-door-tool'
 import { MoveFenceTool } from '../fence/move-fence-tool'
 import { MoveRoofTool } from '../roof/move-roof-tool'
@@ -100,6 +102,7 @@ export const MoveTool: React.FC<{
   if (movingNode.type === 'window') return <MoveWindowTool node={movingNode as WindowNode} />
   if (movingNode.type === 'fence') return <MoveFenceTool node={movingNode as FenceNode} />
   if (movingNode.type === 'ceiling') return <MoveCeilingTool node={movingNode as CeilingNode} />
+  if (movingNode.type === 'column') return <MoveColumnTool node={movingNode as ColumnNode} />
   if (movingNode.type === 'slab') return <MoveSlabTool node={movingNode as SlabNode} />
   if (movingNode.type === 'wall') return <MoveWallTool node={movingNode as WallNode} />
   if (movingNode.type === 'roof' || movingNode.type === 'roof-segment')
diff --git a/packages/editor/src/components/tools/shared/segment-angle.ts b/packages/editor/src/components/tools/shared/segment-angle.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..edc3b832d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/editor/src/components/tools/shared/segment-angle.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+import {
+  type FenceNode,
+  getWallCurveFrameAt,
+  getWallCurveLength,
+  isCurvedWall,
+  type WallNode,
+} from '@pascal-app/core'
+
+export type PlanPoint = [number, number]
+
+export type SegmentAngleLike = Pick<WallNode | FenceNode, 'start' | 'end' | 'curveOffset'>
+
+export type SegmentAngleReference = {
+  vector: PlanPoint
+  orientation: 'directed' | 'axis'
+}
+
+const POINT_MATCH_TOLERANCE = 1e-5
+const SEGMENT_POINT_TOLERANCE = 0.15
+const CURVE_TANGENT_SAMPLE_SPACING = 0.08
+
+function distanceSquared(a: PlanPoint, b: PlanPoint) {
+  const dx = a[0] - b[0]
+  const dz = a[1] - b[1]
+
+  return dx * dx + dz * dz
+}
+
+function pointsMatch(a: PlanPoint, b: PlanPoint, tolerance = POINT_MATCH_TOLERANCE) {
+  return distanceSquared(a, b) <= tolerance * tolerance
+}
+
+function getProjectedPointOnSegment(point: PlanPoint, segment: SegmentAngleLike): PlanPoint | null {
+  const [x1, z1] = segment.start
+  const [x2, z2] = segment.end
+  const dx = x2 - x1
+  const dz = z2 - z1
+  const lengthSquared = dx * dx + dz * dz
+
+  if (lengthSquared < 1e-9) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  const t = ((point[0] - x1) * dx + (point[1] - z1) * dz) / lengthSquared
+  if (t <= 0 || t >= 1) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  return [x1 + dx * t, z1 + dz * t]
+}
+
+function getCurveTangentAtPoint(point: PlanPoint, segment: SegmentAngleLike): PlanPoint | null {
+  const curveLength = getWallCurveLength(segment)
+  const sampleCount = Math.max(24, Math.ceil(curveLength / CURVE_TANGENT_SAMPLE_SPACING))
+  let best: { distance: number; tangent: PlanPoint } | null = null
+
+  for (let index = 0; index <= sampleCount; index += 1) {
+    const frame = getWallCurveFrameAt(segment, index / sampleCount)
+    const candidate: PlanPoint = [frame.point.x, frame.point.y]
+    const distance = distanceSquared(point, candidate)
+
+    if (best && distance >= best.distance) {
+      continue
+    }
+
+    best = {
+      distance,
+      tangent: [frame.tangent.x, frame.tangent.y],
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!best || best.distance > SEGMENT_POINT_TOLERANCE * SEGMENT_POINT_TOLERANCE) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  return best.tangent
+}
+
+export function formatAngleRadians(angle: number) {
+  return `${Math.round((angle * 180) / Math.PI)}°`
+}
+
+export function getAngleBetweenVectors(first: PlanPoint, second: PlanPoint): number | null {
+  const firstLength = Math.hypot(first[0], first[1])
+  const secondLength = Math.hypot(second[0], second[1])
+
+  if (firstLength < 1e-6 || secondLength < 1e-6) return null
+
+  const dot = first[0] * second[0] + first[1] * second[1]
+  const cosine = Math.min(1, Math.max(-1, dot / (firstLength * secondLength)))
+
+  return Math.acos(cosine)
+}
+
+export function getAngleToSegmentReference(
+  vector: PlanPoint,
+  reference: SegmentAngleReference,
+): number | null {
+  const angle = getAngleBetweenVectors(vector, reference.vector)
+
+  if (angle === null || reference.orientation === 'directed') {
+    return angle
+  }
+
+  const reverseAngle = getAngleBetweenVectors(vector, [-reference.vector[0], -reference.vector[1]])
+
+  if (reverseAngle === null) {
+    return angle
+  }
+
+  return Math.min(angle, reverseAngle)
+}
+
+export function getSegmentAngleReferenceAtPoint(
+  point: PlanPoint,
+  segment: SegmentAngleLike,
+): SegmentAngleReference | null {
+  if (pointsMatch(point, segment.start)) {
+    const frame = getWallCurveFrameAt(segment, 0)
+
+    return {
+      vector: [frame.tangent.x, frame.tangent.y],
+      orientation: 'directed',
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (pointsMatch(point, segment.end)) {
+    const frame = getWallCurveFrameAt(segment, 1)
+
+    return {
+      vector: [-frame.tangent.x, -frame.tangent.y],
+      orientation: 'directed',
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (isCurvedWall(segment)) {
+    const tangent = getCurveTangentAtPoint(point, segment)
+
+    return tangent
+      ? {
+          vector: tangent,
+          orientation: 'axis',
+        }
+      : null
+  }
+
+  const projected = getProjectedPointOnSegment(point, segment)
+  if (!projected || !pointsMatch(point, projected, SEGMENT_POINT_TOLERANCE)) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  return {
+    vector: [segment.end[0] - segment.start[0], segment.end[1] - segment.start[1]],
+    orientation: 'axis',
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/editor/src/components/tools/tool-manager.tsx b/packages/editor/src/components/tools/tool-manager.tsx
index 0938a254e..777c8d724 100644
--- a/packages/editor/src/components/tools/tool-manager.tsx
+++ b/packages/editor/src/components/tools/tool-manager.tsx
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import useEditor, { type Phase, type Tool } from '../../store/use-editor'
 import { CeilingBoundaryEditor } from './ceiling/ceiling-boundary-editor'
 import { CeilingHoleEditor } from './ceiling/ceiling-hole-editor'
 import { CeilingTool } from './ceiling/ceiling-tool'
+import { ColumnTool } from './column/column-tool'
 import { DoorTool } from './door/door-tool'
 import { CurveFenceTool } from './fence/curve-fence-tool'
 import { FenceTool } from './fence/fence-tool'
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ export const ToolManager: React.FC = () => {
   const showBuildTool = mode === 'build' && tool !== null
 
   const BuildToolComponent = showBuildTool ? tools[phase]?.[tool] : null
-  const handleSpawnSelected = (nodeId: `spawn_${string}`) => {
+  const handlePlacedNodeSelected = (nodeId: AnyNodeId) => {
     setSelection({ selectedIds: [nodeId] })
   }
 
@@ -134,7 +135,7 @@ export const ToolManager: React.FC = () => {
     <>
       {showSiteBoundaryEditor && <SiteBoundaryEditor />}
       {/* World-space tools: site boundary and building movement operate in world coordinates */}
-      {movingNode?.type === 'building' && <MoveTool onSpawnMoved={handleSpawnSelected} />}
+      {movingNode?.type === 'building' && <MoveTool onSpawnMoved={handlePlacedNodeSelected} />}
 
       {/* Building-local group: all other tools are relative to the selected building.
           Cursor visuals set positions in building-local space; this group applies the
@@ -159,12 +160,15 @@ export const ToolManager: React.FC = () => {
         {curvingWall && <CurveWallTool node={curvingWall} />}
         {curvingFence && <CurveFenceTool node={curvingFence} />}
         {movingNode && movingNode.type !== 'building' && (
-          <MoveTool onSpawnMoved={handleSpawnSelected} />
+          <MoveTool onSpawnMoved={handlePlacedNodeSelected} />
         )}
         {!movingNode && showBuildTool && tool === 'spawn' && (
-          <SpawnTool currentLevelId={selectedLevelId} onPlaced={handleSpawnSelected} />
+          <SpawnTool currentLevelId={selectedLevelId} onPlaced={handlePlacedNodeSelected} />
         )}
-        {!movingNode && BuildToolComponent && <BuildToolComponent />}
+        {!movingNode && showBuildTool && tool === 'column' && (
+          <ColumnTool currentLevelId={selectedLevelId} onPlaced={handlePlacedNodeSelected} />
+        )}
+        {!movingNode && BuildToolComponent && tool !== 'column' && <BuildToolComponent />}
       </group>
     </>
   )
diff --git a/packages/editor/src/components/tools/wall/move-wall-endpoint-tool.tsx b/packages/editor/src/components/tools/wall/move-wall-endpoint-tool.tsx
index 031f433e6..281141d0e 100644
--- a/packages/editor/src/components/tools/wall/move-wall-endpoint-tool.tsx
+++ b/packages/editor/src/components/tools/wall/move-wall-endpoint-tool.tsx
@@ -9,27 +9,87 @@ import {
   useScene,
   type WallNode,
 } from '@pascal-app/core'
-import { Html } from '@react-three/drei'
 import { useViewer } from '@pascal-app/viewer'
+import { Html } from '@react-three/drei'
 import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react'
 import { markToolCancelConsumed } from '../../../hooks/use-keyboard'
 import { sfxEmitter } from '../../../lib/sfx-bus'
 import useEditor, { type MovingWallEndpoint } from '../../../store/use-editor'
 import { CursorSphere } from '../shared/cursor-sphere'
 import {
-  isWallLongEnough,
-  snapWallDraftPoint,
-  type WallPlanPoint,
-} from './wall-drafting'
+  formatAngleRadians,
+  getAngleToSegmentReference,
+  getSegmentAngleReferenceAtPoint,
+} from '../shared/segment-angle'
+import { isWallLongEnough, snapWallDraftPoint, type WallPlanPoint } from './wall-drafting'
 
 function samePoint(a: WallPlanPoint, b: WallPlanPoint) {
   return a[0] === b[0] && a[1] === b[1]
 }
 
+type WallSegmentLike = {
+  id: WallNode['id']
+  start: WallPlanPoint
+  end: WallPlanPoint
+  curveOffset?: number
+}
+
+type AngleLabelState = {
+  label: string
+  position: [number, number, number]
+} | null
+
+function getEndpointAngleLabel(args: {
+  preview: { start: WallPlanPoint; end: WallPlanPoint; curveOffset?: number }
+  walls: WallSegmentLike[]
+  nodeId: WallNode['id']
+}): AngleLabelState {
+  const { preview, walls, nodeId } = args
+  const endpoints = [
+    {
+      point: preview.start,
+    },
+    {
+      point: preview.end,
+    },
+  ]
+  const targetSegment: WallSegmentLike = {
+    id: nodeId,
+    start: preview.start,
+    end: preview.end,
+    curveOffset: preview.curveOffset,
+  }
+
+  for (const endpoint of endpoints) {
+    const targetReference = getSegmentAngleReferenceAtPoint(endpoint.point, targetSegment)
+    if (!targetReference) continue
+
+    const connectedWall = walls.find(
+      (wall) =>
+        wall.id !== nodeId && Boolean(getSegmentAngleReferenceAtPoint(endpoint.point, wall)),
+    )
+    if (!connectedWall) continue
+
+    const connectedReference = getSegmentAngleReferenceAtPoint(endpoint.point, connectedWall)
+    if (!connectedReference) continue
+
+    const angle = getAngleToSegmentReference(targetReference.vector, connectedReference)
+    if (angle === null) continue
+
+    return {
+      label: formatAngleRadians(angle),
+      position: [endpoint.point[0], 0.34, endpoint.point[1]],
+    }
+  }
+
+  return null
+}
+
 type LinkedWallSnapshot = {
   id: WallNode['id']
   start: WallPlanPoint
   end: WallPlanPoint
+  curveOffset?: number
 }
 
 function getLinkedWallSnapshots(args: {
@@ -64,6 +124,7 @@ function getLinkedWallSnapshots(args: {
       id: node.id,
       start: [...node.start] as WallPlanPoint,
       end: [...node.end] as WallPlanPoint,
+      curveOffset: node.curveOffset,
     })
   }
 
@@ -79,6 +140,7 @@ function getLinkedWallUpdates(
 ) {
   return linkedWalls.map((wall) => ({
     id: wall.id,
+    curveOffset: wall.curveOffset,
     start: samePoint(wall.start, originalStart)
       ? nextStart
       : samePoint(wall.start, originalEnd)
@@ -114,6 +176,7 @@ export const MoveWallEndpointTool: React.FC<{ target: MovingWallEndpoint }> = ({
     }),
   )
   const previewRef = useRef<{ start: WallPlanPoint; end: WallPlanPoint } | null>(null)
+  const [angleLabel, setAngleLabel] = useState<AngleLabelState>(null)
 
   const [cursorLocalPos, setCursorLocalPos] = useState<[number, number, number]>(() => {
     const point = target.endpoint === 'start' ? target.wall.start : target.wall.end
@@ -155,24 +218,43 @@ export const MoveWallEndpointTool: React.FC<{ target: MovingWallEndpoint }> = ({
     const applyPreview = (movingPoint: WallPlanPoint, detachLinkedWalls = false) => {
       const nextStart = target.endpoint === 'start' ? movingPoint : fixedPoint
       const nextEnd = target.endpoint === 'end' ? movingPoint : fixedPoint
+      const linkedUpdates = detachLinkedWalls
+        ? []
+        : getLinkedWallUpdates(
+            linkedOriginalsRef.current,
+            originalStart,
+            originalEnd,
+            nextStart,
+            nextEnd,
+          )
       previewRef.current = { start: nextStart, end: nextEnd }
       setCursorLocalPos([movingPoint[0], 0, movingPoint[1]])
-      applyNodePreview([
-        { id: nodeId, start: nextStart, end: nextEnd },
-        ...(detachLinkedWalls
-          ? []
-          : getLinkedWallUpdates(
-              linkedOriginalsRef.current,
-              originalStart,
-              originalEnd,
-              nextStart,
-              nextEnd,
-            )),
-      ])
+      setAngleLabel(
+        getEndpointAngleLabel({
+          preview: { start: nextStart, end: nextEnd, curveOffset: target.wall.curveOffset },
+          walls: [
+            ...levelWalls.map((wall) => ({
+              id: wall.id,
+              start: wall.start,
+              end: wall.end,
+              curveOffset: wall.curveOffset,
+            })),
+            ...linkedUpdates,
+          ],
+          nodeId,
+        }),
+      )
+      applyNodePreview([{ id: nodeId, start: nextStart, end: nextEnd }, ...linkedUpdates])
     }
 
-    const restoreOriginal = () => {
-      applyNodePreview([{ id: nodeId, start: originalStart, end: originalEnd }, ...linkedOriginalsRef.current])
+    const restoreOriginal = (clearAngleLabel = true) => {
+      applyNodePreview([
+        { id: nodeId, start: originalStart, end: originalEnd },
+        ...linkedOriginalsRef.current,
+      ])
+      if (clearAngleLabel) {
+        setAngleLabel(null)
+      }
     }
 
     const onGridMove = (event: GridEvent) => {
@@ -235,6 +317,7 @@ export const MoveWallEndpointTool: React.FC<{ target: MovingWallEndpoint }> = ({
       }
 
       useViewer.getState().setSelection({ selectedIds: [nodeId] })
+      setAngleLabel(null)
       exitMoveMode()
       event.nativeEvent?.stopPropagation?.()
     }
@@ -243,6 +326,7 @@ export const MoveWallEndpointTool: React.FC<{ target: MovingWallEndpoint }> = ({
       restoreOriginal()
       useViewer.getState().setSelection({ selectedIds: [nodeId] })
       resumeSceneHistory(useScene)
+      setAngleLabel(null)
       markToolCancelConsumed()
       exitMoveMode()
     }
@@ -285,7 +369,7 @@ export const MoveWallEndpointTool: React.FC<{ target: MovingWallEndpoint }> = ({
 
     return () => {
       if (!wasCommitted) {
-        restoreOriginal()
+        restoreOriginal(false)
       }
       resumeSceneHistory(useScene)
       emitter.off('grid:move', onGridMove)
@@ -317,6 +401,23 @@ export const MoveWallEndpointTool: React.FC<{ target: MovingWallEndpoint }> = ({
           </div>
         </div>
       </Html>
+      {angleLabel && <EndpointAngleLabel label={angleLabel.label} position={angleLabel.position} />}
     </group>
   )
 }
+
+function EndpointAngleLabel({
+  label,
+  position,
+}: {
+  label: string
+  position: [number, number, number]
+}) {
+  return (
+    <Html center position={position} style={{ pointerEvents: 'none' }} zIndexRange={[100, 0]}>
+      <div className="whitespace-nowrap rounded-full border border-border bg-background/95 px-2 py-1 font-mono text-[11px] font-semibold text-foreground shadow-lg backdrop-blur-md">
+        {label}
+      </div>
+    </Html>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/packages/editor/src/components/tools/wall/wall-drafting.ts b/packages/editor/src/components/tools/wall/wall-drafting.ts
index b6e18c1a0..9eee0d6fb 100755
--- a/packages/editor/src/components/tools/wall/wall-drafting.ts
+++ b/packages/editor/src/components/tools/wall/wall-drafting.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,10 @@ import {
   type AnyNodeId,
   type DoorNode,
   getScaledDimensions,
+  getWallCurveFrameAt,
+  getWallCurveLength,
   type ItemNode,
+  isCurvedWall,
   useScene,
   type WallNode,
   WallNode as WallSchema,
@@ -62,10 +65,10 @@ export function snapPointTo45Degrees(
   const snappedAngle = Math.round(angle / angleStep) * angleStep
   const distance = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dz * dz)
 
-  return snapPointToGrid([
-    start[0] + Math.cos(snappedAngle) * distance,
-    start[1] + Math.sin(snappedAngle) * distance,
-  ], step)
+  return snapPointToGrid(
+    [start[0] + Math.cos(snappedAngle) * distance, start[1] + Math.sin(snappedAngle) * distance],
+    step,
+  )
 }
 
 export function getWallAngleSnapStep(step = getWallGridStep()): number {
@@ -336,11 +339,17 @@ export function findWallSnapTarget(
       continue
     }
 
-    const candidates: Array<WallPlanPoint | null> = [
-      wall.start,
-      wall.end,
-      projectPointOntoWall(point, wall),
-    ]
+    const candidates: Array<WallPlanPoint | null> = [wall.start, wall.end]
+
+    if (isCurvedWall(wall)) {
+      const sampleCount = Math.max(8, Math.ceil(getWallCurveLength(wall) / 0.3))
+      for (let index = 0; index <= sampleCount; index += 1) {
+        const frame = getWallCurveFrameAt(wall, index / sampleCount)
+        candidates.push([frame.point.x, frame.point.y])
+      }
+    } else {
+      candidates.push(projectPointOntoWall(point, wall))
+    }
     for (const candidate of candidates) {
       if (!candidate) {
         continue
diff --git a/packages/editor/src/components/tools/wall/wall-tool.tsx b/packages/editor/src/components/tools/wall/wall-tool.tsx
index debf4e6e8..c43607a73 100755
--- a/packages/editor/src/components/tools/wall/wall-tool.tsx
+++ b/packages/editor/src/components/tools/wall/wall-tool.tsx
@@ -1,14 +1,100 @@
 import { emitter, type GridEvent, type LevelNode, useScene, type WallNode } from '@pascal-app/core'
 import { useViewer } from '@pascal-app/viewer'
-import { useEffect, useRef } from 'react'
+import { Html } from '@react-three/drei'
+import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react'
 import { DoubleSide, type Group, type Mesh, Shape, ShapeGeometry, Vector3 } from 'three'
 import { markToolCancelConsumed } from '../../../hooks/use-keyboard'
 import { EDITOR_LAYER } from '../../../lib/constants'
 import { sfxEmitter } from '../../../lib/sfx-bus'
 import { CursorSphere } from '../shared/cursor-sphere'
+import {
+  formatAngleRadians,
+  getAngleToSegmentReference,
+  getSegmentAngleReferenceAtPoint,
+} from '../shared/segment-angle'
 import { createWallOnCurrentLevel, snapWallDraftPoint, type WallPlanPoint } from './wall-drafting'
 
 const WALL_HEIGHT = 2.5
+const DRAFT_LABEL_Y = WALL_HEIGHT + 0.22
+const DRAFT_ANGLE_LABEL_Y = 0.28
+
+type DraftAngleLabel = {
+  id: string
+  label: string
+  position: [number, number, number]
+}
+
+type DraftMeasurementState = {
+  lengthLabel: string
+  lengthPosition: [number, number, number]
+  angleLabels: DraftAngleLabel[]
+} | null
+
+function formatMeasurement(value: number, unit: 'metric' | 'imperial') {
+  if (unit === 'imperial') {
+    const feet = value * 3.280_84
+    const wholeFeet = Math.floor(feet)
+    const inches = Math.round((feet - wholeFeet) * 12)
+    if (inches === 12) return `${wholeFeet + 1}'0"`
+    return `${wholeFeet}'${inches}"`
+  }
+
+  return `${Number.parseFloat(value.toFixed(2))}m`
+}
+
+function getDraftAngleLabels(
+  start: WallPlanPoint,
+  end: WallPlanPoint,
+  walls: WallNode[],
+): DraftAngleLabel[] {
+  const draftFromStart: WallPlanPoint = [end[0] - start[0], end[1] - start[1]]
+  const draftFromEnd: WallPlanPoint = [start[0] - end[0], start[1] - end[1]]
+  const endpoints = [
+    { id: 'start', point: start, draftVector: draftFromStart },
+    { id: 'end', point: end, draftVector: draftFromEnd },
+  ]
+  const labels: DraftAngleLabel[] = []
+
+  for (const endpoint of endpoints) {
+    const connectedWall = walls.find((wall) =>
+      Boolean(getSegmentAngleReferenceAtPoint(endpoint.point, wall)),
+    )
+    if (!connectedWall) continue
+
+    const connectedReference = getSegmentAngleReferenceAtPoint(endpoint.point, connectedWall)
+    if (!connectedReference) continue
+
+    const angle = getAngleToSegmentReference(endpoint.draftVector, connectedReference)
+    if (angle === null) continue
+
+    labels.push({
+      id: endpoint.id,
+      label: formatAngleRadians(angle),
+      position: [endpoint.point[0], DRAFT_ANGLE_LABEL_Y, endpoint.point[1]],
+    })
+  }
+
+  return labels
+}
+
+function getDraftMeasurementState(
+  start: WallPlanPoint,
+  end: WallPlanPoint,
+  walls: WallNode[],
+  unit: 'metric' | 'imperial',
+): DraftMeasurementState {
+  const dx = end[0] - start[0]
+  const dz = end[1] - start[1]
+  const length = Math.hypot(dx, dz)
+
+  if (length < 0.01) return null
+
+  return {
+    lengthLabel: formatMeasurement(length, unit),
+    lengthPosition: [(start[0] + end[0]) / 2, DRAFT_LABEL_Y, (start[1] + end[1]) / 2],
+    angleLabels: getDraftAngleLabels(start, end, walls),
+  }
+}
 
 /**
  * Update wall preview mesh geometry to create a vertical plane between two points
@@ -67,12 +153,14 @@ const getCurrentLevelWalls = (): WallNode[] => {
 }
 
 export const WallTool: React.FC = () => {
+  const unit = useViewer((state) => state.unit)
   const cursorRef = useRef<Group>(null)
   const wallPreviewRef = useRef<Mesh>(null!)
   const startingPoint = useRef(new Vector3(0, 0, 0))
   const endingPoint = useRef(new Vector3(0, 0, 0))
   const buildingState = useRef(0)
   const shiftPressed = useRef(false)
+  const [draftMeasurement, setDraftMeasurement] = useState<DraftMeasurementState>(null)
 
   useEffect(() => {
     let gridPosition: WallPlanPoint = [0, 0]
@@ -109,9 +197,18 @@ export const WallTool: React.FC = () => {
         previousWallEnd = currentWallEnd
 
         updateWallPreview(wallPreviewRef.current, startingPoint.current, endingPoint.current)
+        setDraftMeasurement(
+          getDraftMeasurementState(
+            [startingPoint.current.x, startingPoint.current.z],
+            snappedLocal,
+            walls,
+            unit,
+          ),
+        )
       } else {
         // Not drawing a wall yet, show the snapped anchor point.
         cursorRef.current.position.set(gridPosition[0], event.localPosition[1], gridPosition[1])
+        setDraftMeasurement(null)
       }
     }
 
@@ -126,6 +223,7 @@ export const WallTool: React.FC = () => {
         endingPoint.current.copy(startingPoint.current)
         buildingState.current = 1
         wallPreviewRef.current.visible = true
+        setDraftMeasurement(null)
       } else if (buildingState.current === 1) {
         const snappedEnd = snapWallDraftPoint({
           point: localClick,
@@ -140,6 +238,7 @@ export const WallTool: React.FC = () => {
         createWallOnCurrentLevel([startingPoint.current.x, startingPoint.current.z], snappedEnd)
         wallPreviewRef.current.visible = false
         buildingState.current = 0
+        setDraftMeasurement(null)
       }
     }
 
@@ -160,6 +259,7 @@ export const WallTool: React.FC = () => {
         markToolCancelConsumed()
         buildingState.current = 0
         wallPreviewRef.current.visible = false
+        setDraftMeasurement(null)
       }
     }
 
@@ -176,7 +276,7 @@ export const WallTool: React.FC = () => {
       window.removeEventListener('keydown', onKeyDown)
       window.removeEventListener('keyup', onKeyUp)
     }
-  }, [])
+  }, [unit])
 
   return (
     <group>
@@ -195,6 +295,38 @@ export const WallTool: React.FC = () => {
           transparent
         />
       </mesh>
+
+      {draftMeasurement && (
+        <>
+          <DraftMeasurementLabel
+            label={draftMeasurement.lengthLabel}
+            position={draftMeasurement.lengthPosition}
+          />
+          {draftMeasurement.angleLabels.map((angleLabel) => (
+            <DraftMeasurementLabel
+              key={angleLabel.id}
+              label={angleLabel.label}
+              position={angleLabel.position}
+            />
+          ))}
+        </>
+      )}
     </group>
   )
 }
+
+function DraftMeasurementLabel({
+  label,
+  position,
+}: {
+  label: string
+  position: [number, number, number]
+}) {
+  return (
+    <Html center position={position} style={{ pointerEvents: 'none' }} zIndexRange={[100, 0]}>
+      <div className="whitespace-nowrap rounded-full border border-border bg-background/95 px-2 py-1 font-mono text-[11px] font-semibold text-foreground shadow-lg backdrop-blur-md">
+        {label}
+      </div>
+    </Html>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/packages/editor/src/components/ui/action-menu/structure-tools.tsx b/packages/editor/src/components/ui/action-menu/structure-tools.tsx
index 219378852..cc060af61 100644
--- a/packages/editor/src/components/ui/action-menu/structure-tools.tsx
+++ b/packages/editor/src/components/ui/action-menu/structure-tools.tsx
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ export const tools: ToolConfig[] = [
   // { id: 'custom-room', iconSrc: '/icons/custom-room.png', label: 'Custom Room' },
   { id: 'slab', iconSrc: '/icons/floor.png', label: 'Slab' },
   { id: 'ceiling', iconSrc: '/icons/ceiling.png', label: 'Ceiling' },
+  { id: 'column', iconSrc: '/icons/column.png', label: 'Column' },
   { id: 'roof', iconSrc: '/icons/roof.png', label: 'Gable Roof' },
   { id: 'stair', iconSrc: '/icons/stairs.png', label: 'Stairs' },
   { id: 'door', iconSrc: '/icons/door.png', label: 'Door' },
diff --git a/packages/editor/src/components/ui/panels/column-panel.tsx b/packages/editor/src/components/ui/panels/column-panel.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8b7e97de4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/editor/src/components/ui/panels/column-panel.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,715 @@
+'use client'
+
+import {
+  type AnyNode,
+  COLUMN_PRESETS,
+  type ColumnNode,
+  type ColumnPresetId,
+  useScene,
+} from '@pascal-app/core'
+import { useViewer } from '@pascal-app/viewer'
+import { Move, Trash2 } from 'lucide-react'
+import { useCallback } from 'react'
+import { sfxEmitter } from '../../../lib/sfx-bus'
+import useEditor from '../../../store/use-editor'
+import { ActionButton, ActionGroup } from '../controls/action-button'
+import { PanelSection } from '../controls/panel-section'
+import { SliderControl } from '../controls/slider-control'
+import { PanelWrapper } from './panel-wrapper'
+
+const SELECT_CLASS =
+  'h-10 w-full rounded-lg border border-border/50 bg-[#2C2C2E] px-3 text-sm text-foreground outline-none transition-colors hover:bg-[#3e3e3e] focus:ring-1 focus:ring-border'
+
+const COLUMN_PRESET_OPTIONS = Object.entries(COLUMN_PRESETS).map(([value, preset]) => ({
+  value: value as ColumnPresetId,
+  label: preset.label,
+}))
+
+const COLUMN_PROPORTION_PRESETS = {
+  slender: {
+    label: 'Slender',
+    height: 3.6,
+    width: 0.34,
+    baseHeight: 0.18,
+    capitalHeight: 0.16,
+    baseWidthScale: 1.18,
+    capitalWidthScale: 1.16,
+    edgeSoftness: 0.02,
+  },
+  standard: {
+    label: 'Standard',
+    height: 2.9,
+    width: 0.44,
+    baseHeight: 0.22,
+    capitalHeight: 0.2,
+    baseWidthScale: 1.24,
+    capitalWidthScale: 1.22,
+    edgeSoftness: 0.025,
+  },
+  heavy: {
+    label: 'Heavy',
+    height: 3,
+    width: 0.58,
+    baseHeight: 0.28,
+    capitalHeight: 0.26,
+    baseWidthScale: 1.34,
+    capitalWidthScale: 1.3,
+    edgeSoftness: 0.035,
+  },
+  stout: {
+    label: 'Short / Stout',
+    height: 2.2,
+    width: 0.62,
+    baseHeight: 0.3,
+    capitalHeight: 0.28,
+    baseWidthScale: 1.38,
+    capitalWidthScale: 1.34,
+    edgeSoftness: 0.04,
+  },
+} as const
+
+type ColumnProportionPresetId = keyof typeof COLUMN_PROPORTION_PRESETS
+
+const COLUMN_PROPORTION_OPTIONS = Object.entries(COLUMN_PROPORTION_PRESETS).map(([value, preset]) => ({
+  value: value as ColumnProportionPresetId,
+  label: preset.label,
+}))
+
+function clamp(value: number, min: number, max: number) {
+  return Math.min(max, Math.max(min, value))
+}
+
+function presetUpdates(presetId: ColumnPresetId): Partial<ColumnNode> {
+  const { label, ...preset } = COLUMN_PRESETS[presetId]
+  return {
+    name: label,
+    ...preset,
+  }
+}
+
+function proportionUpdates(
+  node: ColumnNode,
+  presetId: ColumnProportionPresetId,
+): Partial<ColumnNode> {
+  const preset = COLUMN_PROPORTION_PRESETS[presetId]
+  const depth =
+    node.crossSection === 'rectangular'
+      ? clamp(preset.width * (node.depth / Math.max(node.width, 0.01)), 0.12, 1.6)
+      : preset.width
+  const shaftCornerRadius = Math.min(node.shaftCornerRadius ?? 0.035, preset.width * 0.18)
+
+  return {
+    height: preset.height,
+    width: preset.width,
+    depth,
+    radius: preset.width / 2,
+    baseHeight: preset.baseHeight,
+    capitalHeight: preset.capitalHeight,
+    baseWidthScale: preset.baseWidthScale,
+    baseDepthScale: preset.baseWidthScale,
+    capitalWidthScale: preset.capitalWidthScale,
+    capitalDepthScale: preset.capitalWidthScale,
+    edgeSoftness: preset.edgeSoftness,
+    shaftCornerRadius,
+  }
+}
+
+function shaftProfileUpdates(shaftProfile: ColumnNode['shaftProfile']): Partial<ColumnNode> {
+  if (shaftProfile === 'tapered') {
+    return {
+      shaftProfile,
+      shaftTaper: 0.14,
+      shaftBulge: 0,
+      shaftStartScale: 0.82,
+      shaftEndScale: 0.72,
+      shaftSegmentCount: 32,
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (shaftProfile === 'bulged') {
+    return {
+      shaftProfile,
+      shaftTaper: 0,
+      shaftBulge: 0.12,
+      shaftStartScale: 0.68,
+      shaftEndScale: 0.68,
+      shaftSegmentCount: 32,
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (shaftProfile === 'hourglass') {
+    return {
+      shaftProfile,
+      shaftTaper: 0,
+      shaftBulge: 0.12,
+      shaftStartScale: 0.84,
+      shaftEndScale: 0.84,
+      shaftSegmentCount: 32,
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    shaftProfile,
+    shaftTaper: 0,
+    shaftBulge: 0,
+    shaftStartScale: 0.72,
+    shaftEndScale: 0.72,
+    shaftSegmentCount: 1,
+    shaftTwistStep: 0,
+  }
+}
+
+export function ColumnPanel() {
+  const selectedId = useViewer((s) => s.selection.selectedIds[0])
+  const selectedCount = useViewer((s) => s.selection.selectedIds.length)
+  const setSelection = useViewer((s) => s.setSelection)
+  const updateNode = useScene((s) => s.updateNode)
+  const deleteNode = useScene((s) => s.deleteNode)
+  const setMovingNode = useEditor((s) => s.setMovingNode)
+
+  const node = useScene((s) =>
+    selectedId ? (s.nodes[selectedId as AnyNode['id']] as ColumnNode | undefined) : undefined,
+  )
+
+  const handleUpdate = useCallback(
+    (updates: Partial<ColumnNode>) => {
+      if (!selectedId) return
+      updateNode(selectedId as AnyNode['id'], updates)
+    },
+    [selectedId, updateNode],
+  )
+
+  const handleClose = useCallback(() => {
+    setSelection({ selectedIds: [] })
+  }, [setSelection])
+
+  const handleDelete = useCallback(() => {
+    if (!selectedId) return
+    sfxEmitter.emit('sfx:structure-delete')
+    deleteNode(selectedId as AnyNode['id'])
+    setSelection({ selectedIds: [] })
+  }, [deleteNode, selectedId, setSelection])
+
+  const handleMove = useCallback(() => {
+    if (!node) return
+    sfxEmitter.emit('sfx:item-pick')
+    setMovingNode(node)
+    setSelection({ selectedIds: [] })
+  }, [node, setMovingNode, setSelection])
+
+  if (!(node && node.type === 'column' && selectedId && selectedCount === 1)) return null
+  const shaftProfile = node.shaftProfile ?? 'straight'
+
+  return (
+    <PanelWrapper icon="/icons/column.png" onClose={handleClose} title={node.name || 'Column'} width={300}>
+      <PanelSection title="Preset">
+        <select
+          className={SELECT_CLASS}
+          onChange={(event) => {
+            if (!event.target.value) return
+            handleUpdate(presetUpdates(event.target.value as ColumnPresetId))
+          }}
+          value=""
+        >
+          <option value="">Apply preset...</option>
+          {COLUMN_PRESET_OPTIONS.map((option) => (
+            <option key={option.value} value={option.value}>
+              {option.label}
+            </option>
+          ))}
+        </select>
+      </PanelSection>
+
+      <PanelSection title="Shape">
+        <select
+          className={SELECT_CLASS}
+          onChange={(event) => handleUpdate({ crossSection: event.target.value as ColumnNode['crossSection'] })}
+          value={node.crossSection}
+        >
+          <option value="round">Round</option>
+          <option value="square">Square</option>
+          <option value="rectangular">Rectangular</option>
+        </select>
+        <SliderControl
+          label="Edge Softness"
+          max={0.12}
+          min={0}
+          onChange={(value) => handleUpdate({ edgeSoftness: value })}
+          precision={3}
+          step={0.005}
+          unit="m"
+          value={node.edgeSoftness ?? 0.025}
+        />
+        {(node.crossSection === 'square' || node.crossSection === 'rectangular') && (
+          <SliderControl
+            label="Shaft Corner Radius"
+            max={0.3}
+            min={0}
+            onChange={(value) => handleUpdate({ shaftCornerRadius: value })}
+            precision={3}
+            step={0.005}
+            unit="m"
+            value={node.shaftCornerRadius ?? 0.035}
+          />
+        )}
+      </PanelSection>
+
+      <PanelSection title="Dimensions">
+        <select
+          className={SELECT_CLASS}
+          onChange={(event) => {
+            if (!event.target.value) return
+            handleUpdate(proportionUpdates(node, event.target.value as ColumnProportionPresetId))
+          }}
+          value=""
+        >
+          <option value="">Apply proportion...</option>
+          {COLUMN_PROPORTION_OPTIONS.map((option) => (
+            <option key={option.value} value={option.value}>
+              {option.label}
+            </option>
+          ))}
+        </select>
+        <SliderControl
+          label="Height"
+          max={6}
+          min={0.8}
+          onChange={(value) => handleUpdate({ height: value })}
+          precision={2}
+          step={0.05}
+          unit="m"
+          value={node.height}
+        />
+        <SliderControl
+          label="Width"
+          max={1.6}
+          min={0.12}
+          onChange={(value) =>
+            handleUpdate({
+              width: value,
+              radius: value / 2,
+              ...(node.crossSection === 'rectangular' ? {} : { depth: value }),
+            })
+          }
+          precision={2}
+          step={0.02}
+          unit="m"
+          value={node.width}
+        />
+        {node.crossSection === 'rectangular' && (
+          <SliderControl
+            label="Depth"
+            max={1.6}
+            min={0.12}
+            onChange={(value) => handleUpdate({ depth: value })}
+            precision={2}
+            step={0.02}
+            unit="m"
+            value={node.depth}
+          />
+        )}
+      </PanelSection>
+
+      <PanelSection title="Shaft">
+        <select
+          className={SELECT_CLASS}
+          onChange={(event) => handleUpdate(shaftProfileUpdates(event.target.value as ColumnNode['shaftProfile']))}
+          value={shaftProfile}
+        >
+          <option value="straight">Straight</option>
+          <option value="tapered">Tapered</option>
+          <option value="bulged">Bulged</option>
+          <option value="hourglass">Hourglass</option>
+        </select>
+        {shaftProfile === 'straight' && (
+          <SliderControl
+            label="Shaft Width"
+            max={1.2}
+            min={0.3}
+            onChange={(value) => handleUpdate({ shaftStartScale: value, shaftEndScale: value })}
+            precision={2}
+            step={0.02}
+            value={node.shaftStartScale ?? 0.72}
+          />
+        )}
+        {shaftProfile === 'tapered' && (
+          <>
+            <SliderControl
+              label="Bottom Width"
+              max={1.2}
+              min={0.3}
+              onChange={(value) => handleUpdate({ shaftStartScale: value })}
+              precision={2}
+              step={0.02}
+              value={node.shaftStartScale ?? 0.82}
+            />
+            <SliderControl
+              label="Top Width"
+              max={1.2}
+              min={0.3}
+              onChange={(value) => handleUpdate({ shaftEndScale: value })}
+              precision={2}
+              step={0.02}
+              value={node.shaftEndScale ?? 0.72}
+            />
+            <SliderControl
+              label="Taper"
+              max={0.45}
+              min={0}
+              onChange={(value) => handleUpdate({ shaftTaper: value })}
+              precision={2}
+              step={0.01}
+              value={node.shaftTaper ?? 0.14}
+            />
+          </>
+        )}
+        {shaftProfile === 'bulged' && (
+          <>
+            <SliderControl
+              label="End Width"
+              max={1.2}
+              min={0.3}
+              onChange={(value) => handleUpdate({ shaftStartScale: value, shaftEndScale: value })}
+              precision={2}
+              step={0.02}
+              value={node.shaftStartScale ?? 0.68}
+            />
+            <SliderControl
+              label="Bulge"
+              max={0.35}
+              min={0}
+              onChange={(value) => handleUpdate({ shaftBulge: value })}
+              precision={2}
+              step={0.01}
+              value={node.shaftBulge ?? 0.12}
+            />
+          </>
+        )}
+        {shaftProfile === 'hourglass' && (
+          <>
+            <SliderControl
+              label="End Width"
+              max={1.2}
+              min={0.3}
+              onChange={(value) => handleUpdate({ shaftStartScale: value, shaftEndScale: value })}
+              precision={2}
+              step={0.02}
+              value={node.shaftStartScale ?? 0.84}
+            />
+            <SliderControl
+              label="Waist"
+              max={0.35}
+              min={0}
+              onChange={(value) => handleUpdate({ shaftBulge: value })}
+              precision={2}
+              step={0.01}
+              value={node.shaftBulge ?? 0.12}
+            />
+          </>
+        )}
+        <SliderControl
+          label="Segment Twist"
+          max={90}
+          min={-90}
+          onChange={(value) =>
+            handleUpdate({
+              shaftTwistStep: value,
+              ...(Math.abs(value) > 0.001 && (node.shaftSegmentCount ?? 1) < 8
+                ? { shaftSegmentCount: 12 }
+                : {}),
+            })
+          }
+          precision={0}
+          step={5}
+          unit="°"
+          value={node.shaftTwistStep ?? 0}
+        />
+        {Math.abs(node.shaftTwistStep ?? 0) > 0.001 && (
+          <SliderControl
+            label="Twist Segments"
+            max={48}
+            min={4}
+            onChange={(value) => handleUpdate({ shaftSegmentCount: Math.round(value) })}
+            precision={0}
+            step={1}
+            value={node.shaftSegmentCount ?? 12}
+          />
+        )}
+        <SliderControl
+          label="Ring Pairs"
+          max={4}
+          min={0}
+          onChange={(value) =>
+            handleUpdate({
+              ringCount: Math.round(value) * 2,
+              ringPlacement: 'ends',
+              ringSpread: node.ringSpread ?? 0.16,
+              ringThickness: node.ringThickness ?? 0.055,
+            })
+          }
+          precision={0}
+          step={1}
+          value={Math.ceil((node.ringCount ?? 0) / 2)}
+        />
+        {(node.ringCount ?? 0) > 0 && (
+          <SliderControl
+            label="Ring Thickness"
+            max={0.14}
+            min={0.01}
+            onChange={(value) => handleUpdate({ ringThickness: value })}
+            precision={3}
+            step={0.005}
+            unit="m"
+            value={node.ringThickness ?? 0.055}
+          />
+        )}
+        {(node.ringCount ?? 0) > 0 && (
+          <SliderControl
+            label="Ring Spread"
+            max={0.45}
+            min={0.04}
+            onChange={(value) => handleUpdate({ ringSpread: value, ringPlacement: 'ends' })}
+            precision={2}
+            step={0.01}
+            value={node.ringSpread ?? 0.16}
+          />
+        )}
+      </PanelSection>
+
+      <PanelSection title="Ends">
+        <select
+          className={SELECT_CLASS}
+          onChange={(event) => {
+            const capitalStyle = event.target.value as ColumnNode['capitalStyle']
+            handleUpdate({
+              capitalStyle,
+              ...(capitalStyle === 'none'
+                ? {}
+                : {
+                    capitalHeight: Math.max(node.capitalHeight, 0.12),
+                    capitalTierCount: capitalStyle === 'stepped' ? Math.max(node.capitalTierCount ?? 3, 3) : node.capitalTierCount,
+                    capitalWidthScale: Math.max(node.capitalWidthScale ?? 1.3, capitalStyle === 'stepped' ? 1.42 : 1.28),
+                    capitalDepthScale: Math.max(node.capitalDepthScale ?? 1.3, capitalStyle === 'stepped' ? 1.42 : 1.28),
+                    capitalStepSpread: capitalStyle === 'stepped' ? Math.max(node.capitalStepSpread ?? 0.34, 0.34) : node.capitalStepSpread,
+                  }),
+            })
+          }}
+          value={node.capitalStyle === 'simple-slab' ? 'simple' : (node.capitalStyle ?? 'simple')}
+        >
+          <option value="none">No Top</option>
+          <option value="simple">Simple Top</option>
+          <option value="stepped">Stepped Top</option>
+          <option value="rounded">Rounded Top</option>
+        </select>
+        {node.capitalStyle !== 'none' && (
+          <SliderControl
+            label="Top Height"
+            max={0.8}
+            min={0.06}
+            onChange={(value) => handleUpdate({ capitalHeight: value })}
+            precision={2}
+            step={0.02}
+            unit="m"
+            value={node.capitalHeight}
+          />
+        )}
+        {node.capitalStyle !== 'none' && (
+          <SliderControl
+            label="Top Width"
+            max={2.4}
+            min={0.6}
+            onChange={(value) =>
+              handleUpdate({
+                capitalWidthScale: value,
+                ...(node.crossSection === 'rectangular' ? {} : { capitalDepthScale: value }),
+              })
+            }
+            precision={2}
+            step={0.02}
+            value={node.capitalWidthScale ?? 1.28}
+          />
+        )}
+        {node.capitalStyle !== 'none' && node.crossSection === 'rectangular' && (
+          <SliderControl
+            label="Top Depth"
+            max={2.4}
+            min={0.6}
+            onChange={(value) => handleUpdate({ capitalDepthScale: value })}
+            precision={2}
+            step={0.02}
+            value={node.capitalDepthScale ?? node.capitalWidthScale ?? 1.28}
+          />
+        )}
+        {node.capitalStyle === 'stepped' && (
+          <SliderControl
+            label="Top Tiers"
+            max={8}
+            min={3}
+            onChange={(value) => handleUpdate({ capitalTierCount: Math.round(value) })}
+            precision={0}
+            step={1}
+            value={node.capitalTierCount ?? 3}
+          />
+        )}
+        {node.capitalStyle === 'stepped' && (
+          <SliderControl
+            label="Top Step Spread"
+            max={0.9}
+            min={0.05}
+            onChange={(value) => handleUpdate({ capitalStepSpread: value })}
+            precision={2}
+            step={0.01}
+            value={node.capitalStepSpread ?? 0.34}
+          />
+        )}
+        <select
+          className={`${SELECT_CLASS} mt-2`}
+          onChange={(event) => {
+            const baseStyle = event.target.value as ColumnNode['baseStyle']
+            handleUpdate({
+              baseStyle,
+              ...(baseStyle === 'none'
+                ? {}
+                : {
+                    baseHeight: Math.max(node.baseHeight, 0.12),
+                    baseTierCount: baseStyle === 'stepped-square' ? Math.max(node.baseTierCount ?? 3, 3) : node.baseTierCount,
+                    baseWidthScale: Math.max(node.baseWidthScale ?? 1.24, baseStyle === 'stepped-square' ? 1.42 : 1.24),
+                    baseDepthScale: Math.max(node.baseDepthScale ?? 1.24, baseStyle === 'stepped-square' ? 1.42 : 1.24),
+                    baseStepSpread: baseStyle === 'stepped-square' ? Math.max(node.baseStepSpread ?? 0.34, 0.34) : node.baseStepSpread,
+                    basePlinthHeightRatio: baseStyle === 'round-rings' ? (node.basePlinthHeightRatio ?? 0.44) : node.basePlinthHeightRatio,
+                    baseRoundBandScale: baseStyle === 'round-rings' ? (node.baseRoundBandScale ?? 0.92) : node.baseRoundBandScale,
+                    baseNeckScale: baseStyle === 'round-rings' ? (node.baseNeckScale ?? 0.72) : node.baseNeckScale,
+                  }),
+            })
+          }}
+          value={node.baseStyle ?? 'square-plinth'}
+        >
+          <option value="none">No Bottom</option>
+          <option value="simple-square">Simple Block Bottom</option>
+          <option value="square-plinth">Square Plinth Bottom</option>
+          <option value="stepped-square">Stepped Bottom</option>
+          <option value="round-rings">Rounded Bottom</option>
+        </select>
+        {node.baseStyle !== 'none' && (
+          <SliderControl
+            label="Bottom Height"
+            max={0.8}
+            min={0.06}
+            onChange={(value) => handleUpdate({ baseHeight: value })}
+            precision={2}
+            step={0.02}
+            unit="m"
+            value={node.baseHeight}
+          />
+        )}
+        {node.baseStyle !== 'none' && (
+          <SliderControl
+            label="Bottom Width"
+            max={2.4}
+            min={0.6}
+            onChange={(value) =>
+              handleUpdate({
+                baseWidthScale: value,
+                ...(node.crossSection === 'rectangular' ? {} : { baseDepthScale: value }),
+              })
+            }
+            precision={2}
+            step={0.02}
+            value={node.baseWidthScale ?? 1.24}
+          />
+        )}
+        {node.baseStyle !== 'none' && node.crossSection === 'rectangular' && (
+          <SliderControl
+            label="Bottom Depth"
+            max={2.4}
+            min={0.6}
+            onChange={(value) => handleUpdate({ baseDepthScale: value })}
+            precision={2}
+            step={0.02}
+            value={node.baseDepthScale ?? node.baseWidthScale ?? 1.24}
+          />
+        )}
+        {node.baseStyle === 'round-rings' && (
+          <SliderControl
+            label="Plinth Thickness"
+            max={0.7}
+            min={0.2}
+            onChange={(value) => handleUpdate({ basePlinthHeightRatio: value })}
+            precision={2}
+            step={0.01}
+            value={node.basePlinthHeightRatio ?? 0.44}
+          />
+        )}
+        {node.baseStyle === 'round-rings' && (
+          <SliderControl
+            label="Round Band Width"
+            max={1.2}
+            min={0.5}
+            onChange={(value) => handleUpdate({ baseRoundBandScale: value })}
+            precision={2}
+            step={0.01}
+            value={node.baseRoundBandScale ?? 0.92}
+          />
+        )}
+        {node.baseStyle === 'round-rings' && (
+          <SliderControl
+            label="Neck Width"
+            max={1}
+            min={0.35}
+            onChange={(value) => handleUpdate({ baseNeckScale: value })}
+            precision={2}
+            step={0.01}
+            value={node.baseNeckScale ?? 0.72}
+          />
+        )}
+        {node.baseStyle === 'stepped-square' && (
+          <SliderControl
+            label="Bottom Tiers"
+            max={8}
+            min={3}
+            onChange={(value) => handleUpdate({ baseTierCount: Math.round(value) })}
+            precision={0}
+            step={1}
+            value={node.baseTierCount ?? 3}
+          />
+        )}
+        {node.baseStyle === 'stepped-square' && (
+          <SliderControl
+            label="Bottom Step Spread"
+            max={0.9}
+            min={0.05}
+            onChange={(value) => handleUpdate({ baseStepSpread: value })}
+            precision={2}
+            step={0.01}
+            value={node.baseStepSpread ?? 0.34}
+          />
+        )}
+      </PanelSection>
+
+      <PanelSection title="Transform">
+        <SliderControl
+          label="Yaw"
+          max={180}
+          min={-180}
+          onChange={(value) => handleUpdate({ rotation: (value * Math.PI) / 180 })}
+          precision={0}
+          step={1}
+          unit="°"
+          value={Math.round((node.rotation * 180) / Math.PI)}
+        />
+      </PanelSection>
+
+      <PanelSection title="Actions">
+        <ActionGroup>
+          <ActionButton icon={<Move className="h-4 w-4" />} label="Move" onClick={handleMove} />
+          <ActionButton
+            className="border-red-500/40 text-red-200 hover:bg-red-500/15"
+            icon={<Trash2 className="h-4 w-4" />}
+            label="Delete"
+            onClick={handleDelete}
+          />
+        </ActionGroup>
+      </PanelSection>
+    </PanelWrapper>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/packages/editor/src/components/ui/panels/door-panel.tsx b/packages/editor/src/components/ui/panels/door-panel.tsx
index 363a859ce..fabd1c3ba 100755
--- a/packages/editor/src/components/ui/panels/door-panel.tsx
+++ b/packages/editor/src/components/ui/panels/door-panel.tsx
@@ -254,6 +254,7 @@ export function DoorPanel() {
   const normHeights = node.segments.map((seg) => seg.heightRatio / hSum)
   const isOpening = node.openingKind === 'opening'
   const openingShape = node.openingShape ?? 'rectangle'
+  const doorShape = openingShape === 'arch' || openingShape === 'rounded' ? openingShape : 'rectangle'
   const openingRadiusMode = node.openingRadiusMode ?? 'all'
   const openingTopRadii = node.openingTopRadii ?? [0.15, 0.15]
   const cornerRadius = node.cornerRadius ?? 0.15
@@ -380,6 +381,108 @@ export function DoorPanel() {
         />
       </PanelSection>
 
+      {!isOpening && (
+        <PanelSection title="Top Shape">
+          <div className="flex flex-col gap-2 px-1 pb-1">
+            <SegmentedControl
+              onChange={(v) =>
+                handleUpdate({
+                  openingShape: v as DoorNode['openingShape'],
+                  ...(v === 'rounded'
+                    ? {
+                        openingRadiusMode,
+                        openingTopRadii,
+                        cornerRadius: Math.min(cornerRadius, maxRoundedRadius),
+                        openingRevealRadius,
+                      }
+                    : {}),
+                  ...(v === 'arch' ? { archHeight } : {}),
+                })
+              }
+              options={[
+                { label: 'Rect', value: 'rectangle' },
+                { label: 'Rounded', value: 'rounded' },
+                { label: 'Arch', value: 'arch' },
+              ]}
+              value={doorShape}
+            />
+          </div>
+          {doorShape === 'rounded' && (
+            <>
+              <div className="flex flex-col gap-2 px-1 pb-1">
+                <SegmentedControl
+                  onChange={(v) =>
+                    handleUpdate({ openingRadiusMode: v as DoorNode['openingRadiusMode'] })
+                  }
+                  options={[
+                    { label: 'All', value: 'all' },
+                    { label: 'Individual', value: 'individual' },
+                  ]}
+                  value={openingRadiusMode}
+                />
+              </div>
+              {openingRadiusMode === 'all' ? (
+                <SliderControl
+                  label="Corner Radius"
+                  max={maxRoundedRadius}
+                  min={0}
+                  onChange={(v) => previewDoorUpdate('cornerRadius', v)}
+                  onCommit={(v) => commitDoorPreview('cornerRadius', v)}
+                  precision={2}
+                  step={0.05}
+                  unit="m"
+                  value={Math.round(cornerRadius * 100) / 100}
+                />
+              ) : (
+                <>
+                  {[
+                    ['Top Left', 0],
+                    ['Top Right', 1],
+                  ].map(([label, index]) => (
+                    <SliderControl
+                      key={label}
+                      label={label}
+                      max={maxRoundedRadius}
+                      min={0}
+                      onChange={(v) => setOpeningTopRadius(index as number, v)}
+                      onCommit={(v) => setOpeningTopRadius(index as number, v, true)}
+                      precision={2}
+                      step={0.05}
+                      unit="m"
+                      value={Math.round((openingTopRadii[index as number] ?? 0) * 100) / 100}
+                    />
+                  ))}
+                </>
+              )}
+              <SliderControl
+                label="Reveal Radius"
+                max={0.08}
+                min={0}
+                onChange={(v) => previewDoorUpdate('openingRevealRadius', v)}
+                onCommit={(v) => commitDoorPreview('openingRevealRadius', v)}
+                precision={3}
+                step={0.005}
+                unit="m"
+                value={Math.round(openingRevealRadius * 1000) / 1000}
+              />
+            </>
+          )}
+          {doorShape === 'arch' && (
+            <SliderControl
+              label="Arch Height"
+              max={node.height}
+              min={0.05}
+              onChange={(v) => handleUpdate({ archHeight: v })}
+              precision={2}
+              restoreOnCommit={false}
+              step={0.05}
+              unit="m"
+              value={Math.round(archHeight * 100) / 100}
+            />
+          )}
+        </PanelSection>
+      )}
+
       {isOpening && (
         <PanelSection title="Opening Shape">
           <div className="flex flex-col gap-2 px-1 pb-1">
@@ -468,6 +571,7 @@ export function DoorPanel() {
               min={0.05}
               onChange={(v) => handleUpdate({ archHeight: v })}
               precision={2}
+              restoreOnCommit={false}
               step={0.05}
               unit="m"
               value={Math.round(archHeight * 100) / 100}
diff --git a/packages/editor/src/components/ui/panels/node-display.ts b/packages/editor/src/components/ui/panels/node-display.ts
index 6cc26c666..3b5456801 100644
--- a/packages/editor/src/components/ui/panels/node-display.ts
+++ b/packages/editor/src/components/ui/panels/node-display.ts
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ const TYPE_DEFAULTS: Record<string, NodeDisplay> = {
   window: { icon: '/icons/window.png', label: 'Window' },
   slab: { icon: '/icons/floor.png', label: 'Slab' },
   ceiling: { icon: '/icons/ceiling.png', label: 'Ceiling' },
+  column: { icon: '/icons/column.png', label: 'Column' },
   fence: { icon: '/icons/fence.png', label: 'Fence' },
   roof: { icon: '/icons/roof.png', label: 'Roof' },
   'roof-segment': { icon: '/icons/roof.png', label: 'Roof segment' },
diff --git a/packages/editor/src/components/ui/panels/panel-manager.tsx b/packages/editor/src/components/ui/panels/panel-manager.tsx
index d5faef6f0..e948ab808 100755
--- a/packages/editor/src/components/ui/panels/panel-manager.tsx
+++ b/packages/editor/src/components/ui/panels/panel-manager.tsx
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import {
   type AnyNodeId,
   type BuildingNode,
   type CeilingNode,
+  type ColumnNode,
   type DoorNode,
   type FenceNode,
   type ItemNode,
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ import { useIsMobile } from '../../../hooks/use-mobile'
 import { sfxEmitter } from '../../../lib/sfx-bus'
 import useEditor from '../../../store/use-editor'
 import { CeilingPanel } from './ceiling-panel'
+import { ColumnPanel } from './column-panel'
 import { DoorPanel } from './door-panel'
 import { FencePanel } from './fence-panel'
 import { ItemPanel } from './item-panel'
@@ -45,6 +47,7 @@ type MovableNode =
   | WindowNode
   | DoorNode
   | CeilingNode
+  | ColumnNode
   | SlabNode
   | WallNode
   | FenceNode
@@ -59,6 +62,7 @@ const MOVABLE_TYPES = new Set<string>([
   'window',
   'door',
   'ceiling',
+  'column',
   'slab',
   'wall',
   'fence',
@@ -90,6 +94,8 @@ function panelForType(type: string | null) {
       return <SlabPanel />
     case 'ceiling':
       return <CeilingPanel />
+    case 'column':
+      return <ColumnPanel />
     case 'wall':
       return <WallPanel />
     case 'fence':
@@ -250,6 +256,8 @@ export function PanelManager() {
         return <SpawnPanel />
       case 'ceiling':
         return <CeilingPanel />
+      case 'column':
+        return <ColumnPanel />
       case 'wall':
         return <WallPanel />
       case 'fence':
diff --git a/packages/editor/src/components/ui/panels/reference-panel.tsx b/packages/editor/src/components/ui/panels/reference-panel.tsx
index 57b771c8d..723f76271 100644
--- a/packages/editor/src/components/ui/panels/reference-panel.tsx
+++ b/packages/editor/src/components/ui/panels/reference-panel.tsx
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 import {
   type AnyNode,
-  emitter,
   type GuideNode,
   loadAssetUrl,
   saveAsset,
@@ -11,6 +10,7 @@ import {
 } from '@pascal-app/core'
 import { Eye, EyeOff, LocateFixed, Lock, RotateCcw, Ruler, Trash2, Unlock, Upload } from 'lucide-react'
 import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react'
+import { guideEmitter } from '../../../lib/guide-events'
 import { getGuideImageName } from '../../../lib/local-guide-image'
 import useEditor from '../../../store/use-editor'
 import { ActionButton, ActionGroup } from '../controls/action-button'
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ export function ReferencePanel() {
     }
 
     deleteNode(selectedReferenceId as AnyNode['id'])
-    emitter.emit('guide:deleted', { guideId: selectedReferenceId as GuideNode['id'] })
+    guideEmitter.emit('guide:deleted', { guideId: selectedReferenceId as GuideNode['id'] })
     clearGuideUi(selectedReferenceId)
     setSelectedReferenceId(null)
   }, [clearGuideUi, deleteNode, node?.type, selectedReferenceId, setSelectedReferenceId])
@@ -108,11 +108,11 @@ export function ReferencePanel() {
       return
     }
 
-    emitter.emit('guide:set-reference-scale', { guideId: node.id })
+    guideEmitter.emit('guide:set-reference-scale', { guideId: node.id })
   }, [node])
 
   const handleCancelScale = useCallback(() => {
-    emitter.emit('guide:cancel-reference-scale')
+    guideEmitter.emit('guide:cancel-reference-scale')
   }, [])
 
   useEffect(() => {
diff --git a/packages/editor/src/components/ui/panels/window-panel.tsx b/packages/editor/src/components/ui/panels/window-panel.tsx
index 531620177..db80f6f9f 100755
--- a/packages/editor/src/components/ui/panels/window-panel.tsx
+++ b/packages/editor/src/components/ui/panels/window-panel.tsx
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ function isSameRadiusTuple(
   current: [number, number, number, number],
   next: [number, number, number, number],
 ) {
-  return current.every((value, index) => Math.abs(value - next[index]) < 1e-6)
+  return current.every((value, index) => Math.abs(value - (next[index] ?? 0)) < 1e-6)
 }
 
 export function WindowPanel() {
@@ -267,6 +267,7 @@ export function WindowPanel() {
   const normRows = node.rowRatios.map((r) => r / rowSum)
   const isOpening = node.openingKind === 'opening'
   const openingShape = node.openingShape ?? 'rectangle'
+  const windowShape = openingShape === 'arch' || openingShape === 'rounded' ? openingShape : 'rectangle'
   const openingRadiusMode = node.openingRadiusMode ?? 'all'
   const openingCornerRadii = node.openingCornerRadii ?? [0.15, 0.15, 0.15, 0.15]
   const cornerRadius = node.cornerRadius ?? 0.15
@@ -457,6 +458,108 @@ export function WindowPanel() {
         />
       </PanelSection>
 
+      {!isOpening && (
+        <PanelSection title="Corner Shape">
+          <SegmentedControl
+            onChange={(value) =>
+              handleUpdate({
+                openingShape: value as WindowNode['openingShape'],
+                ...(value === 'rounded'
+                  ? {
+                      openingRadiusMode,
+                      openingCornerRadii,
+                      cornerRadius: Math.min(cornerRadius, maxRoundedRadius),
+                      openingRevealRadius,
+                    }
+                  : {}),
+                ...(value === 'arch' ? { archHeight } : {}),
+              })
+            }
+            options={[
+              { value: 'rectangle', label: 'Rect' },
+              { value: 'rounded', label: 'Rounded' },
+              { value: 'arch', label: 'Arch' },
+            ]}
+            value={windowShape}
+          />
+          {windowShape === 'rounded' && (
+            <div className="mt-2 flex flex-col gap-1">
+              <SegmentedControl
+                onChange={(value) =>
+                  handleUpdate({ openingRadiusMode: value as WindowNode['openingRadiusMode'] })
+                }
+                options={[
+                  { value: 'all', label: 'All' },
+                  { value: 'individual', label: 'Individual' },
+                ]}
+                value={openingRadiusMode}
+              />
+              {openingRadiusMode === 'all' ? (
+                <SliderControl
+                  label="Corner Radius"
+                  max={maxRoundedRadius}
+                  min={0}
+                  onChange={(value) => previewWindowUpdate('cornerRadius', value)}
+                  onCommit={(value) => commitWindowPreview('cornerRadius', value)}
+                  precision={2}
+                  step={0.05}
+                  unit="m"
+                  value={Math.round(cornerRadius * 100) / 100}
+                />
+              ) : (
+                <>
+                  {[
+                    ['Top Left', 0],
+                    ['Top Right', 1],
+                    ['Bottom Right', 2],
+                    ['Bottom Left', 3],
+                  ].map(([label, index]) => (
+                    <SliderControl
+                      key={label}
+                      label={label}
+                      max={maxRoundedRadius}
+                      min={0}
+                      onChange={(value) => setOpeningCornerRadius(index as number, value)}
+                      onCommit={(value) => setOpeningCornerRadius(index as number, value, true)}
+                      precision={2}
+                      step={0.05}
+                      unit="m"
+                      value={Math.round((openingCornerRadii[index as number] ?? 0) * 100) / 100}
+                    />
+                  ))}
+                </>
+              )}
+              <SliderControl
+                label="Reveal Radius"
+                max={0.08}
+                min={0}
+                onChange={(value) => previewWindowUpdate('openingRevealRadius', value)}
+                onCommit={(value) => commitWindowPreview('openingRevealRadius', value)}
+                precision={3}
+                step={0.005}
+                unit="m"
+                value={Math.round(openingRevealRadius * 1000) / 1000}
+              />
+            </div>
+          )}
+          {windowShape === 'arch' && (
+            <div className="mt-2 flex flex-col gap-1">
+              <SliderControl
+                label="Arch Height"
+                max={Math.max(0.05, node.height)}
+                min={0.05}
+                onChange={(value) => handleUpdate({ archHeight: value })}
+                precision={2}
+                restoreOnCommit={false}
+                step={0.05}
+                unit="m"
+                value={Math.round(archHeight * 100) / 100}
+              />
+            </div>
+          )}
+        </PanelSection>
+      )}
+
       {isOpening && (
         <PanelSection title="Opening Shape">
           <SegmentedControl
@@ -538,6 +641,7 @@ export function WindowPanel() {
                 min={0.05}
                 onChange={(value) => handleUpdate({ archHeight: value })}
                 precision={2}
+                restoreOnCommit={false}
                 step={0.05}
                 unit="m"
                 value={Math.round(archHeight * 100) / 100}
diff --git a/packages/editor/src/components/ui/sidebar/panels/site-panel/column-tree-node.tsx b/packages/editor/src/components/ui/sidebar/panels/site-panel/column-tree-node.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..af37aaf16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/editor/src/components/ui/sidebar/panels/site-panel/column-tree-node.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+import { type AnyNodeId, type ColumnNode, useScene } from '@pascal-app/core'
+import { useViewer } from '@pascal-app/viewer'
+import Image from 'next/image'
+import { memo, useCallback, useState } from 'react'
+import useEditor from './../../../../../store/use-editor'
+import { InlineRenameInput } from './inline-rename-input'
+import { focusTreeNode, handleTreeSelection, TreeNodeWrapper } from './tree-node'
+import { TreeNodeActions } from './tree-node-actions'
+
+interface ColumnTreeNodeProps {
+  nodeId: AnyNodeId
+  depth: number
+  isLast?: boolean
+}
+
+export const ColumnTreeNode = memo(function ColumnTreeNode({
+  nodeId,
+  depth,
+  isLast,
+}: ColumnTreeNodeProps) {
+  const [isEditing, setIsEditing] = useState(false)
+  const isVisible = useScene((s) => s.nodes[nodeId]?.visible !== false)
+  const node = useScene((s) => s.nodes[nodeId] as ColumnNode | undefined)
+  const isSelected = useViewer((state) => state.selection.selectedIds.includes(nodeId))
+  const isHovered = useViewer((state) => state.hoveredId === nodeId)
+  const setSelection = useViewer((state) => state.setSelection)
+  const setHoveredId = useViewer((state) => state.setHoveredId)
+
+  const handleClick = useCallback(
+    (e: React.MouseEvent) => {
+      e.stopPropagation()
+      const handled = handleTreeSelection(
+        e,
+        nodeId,
+        useViewer.getState().selection.selectedIds,
+        setSelection,
+      )
+      if (!handled && useEditor.getState().phase === 'furnish') {
+        useEditor.getState().setPhase('structure')
+      }
+    },
+    [nodeId, setSelection],
+  )
+
+  const defaultName = node?.name || 'Column'
+
+  return (
+    <TreeNodeWrapper
+      actions={<TreeNodeActions nodeId={nodeId} />}
+      depth={depth}
+      expanded={false}
+      hasChildren={false}
+      icon={
+        <Image alt="" className="object-contain" height={14} src="/icons/column.png" width={14} />
+      }
+      isHovered={isHovered}
+      isLast={isLast}
+      isSelected={isSelected}
+      isVisible={isVisible}
+      label={
+        <InlineRenameInput
+          defaultName={defaultName}
+          isEditing={isEditing}
+          nodeId={nodeId}
+          onStartEditing={() => setIsEditing(true)}
+          onStopEditing={() => setIsEditing(false)}
+        />
+      }
+      nodeId={nodeId}
+      onClick={handleClick}
+      onDoubleClick={() => focusTreeNode(nodeId)}
+      onMouseEnter={() => setHoveredId(nodeId)}
+      onMouseLeave={() => setHoveredId(null)}
+      onToggle={() => {}}
+    />
+  )
+})
diff --git a/packages/editor/src/components/ui/sidebar/panels/site-panel/tree-node.tsx b/packages/editor/src/components/ui/sidebar/panels/site-panel/tree-node.tsx
index 4a4d91942..2e7ba5df9 100644
--- a/packages/editor/src/components/ui/sidebar/panels/site-panel/tree-node.tsx
+++ b/packages/editor/src/components/ui/sidebar/panels/site-panel/tree-node.tsx
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ export function focusTreeNode(nodeId: AnyNodeId) {
 import { cn } from '../../../../../lib/utils'
 import { BuildingTreeNode } from './building-tree-node'
 import { CeilingTreeNode } from './ceiling-tree-node'
+import { ColumnTreeNode } from './column-tree-node'
 import { DoorTreeNode } from './door-tree-node'
 import { FenceTreeNode } from './fence-tree-node'
 import { ItemTreeNode } from './item-tree-node'
@@ -84,6 +85,8 @@ export const TreeNode = memo(function TreeNode({ nodeId, depth = 0, isLast }: Tr
       return <BuildingTreeNode depth={depth} isLast={isLast} nodeId={nodeId as `building_${string}`} />
     case 'ceiling':
       return <CeilingTreeNode depth={depth} isLast={isLast} nodeId={nodeId} />
+    case 'column':
+      return <ColumnTreeNode depth={depth} isLast={isLast} nodeId={nodeId} />
     case 'level':
       return <LevelTreeNode depth={depth} isLast={isLast} nodeId={nodeId as `level_${string}`} />
     case 'slab':
diff --git a/packages/editor/src/lib/guide-events.ts b/packages/editor/src/lib/guide-events.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..40bd172f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/editor/src/lib/guide-events.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import type { GuideNode } from '@pascal-app/core'
+import mitt from 'mitt'
+
+type GuideEditorEvents = {
+  'guide:set-reference-scale': { guideId: GuideNode['id'] }
+  'guide:cancel-reference-scale': undefined
+  'guide:deleted': { guideId: GuideNode['id'] }
+}
+
+export const guideEmitter = mitt<GuideEditorEvents>()
diff --git a/packages/editor/src/lib/material-paint.ts b/packages/editor/src/lib/material-paint.ts
index ffdde7860..37582b0d1 100644
--- a/packages/editor/src/lib/material-paint.ts
+++ b/packages/editor/src/lib/material-paint.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 import {
   type CeilingNode,
+  type ColumnNode,
   type FenceNode,
   getCatalogMaterialById,
   getEffectiveRoofSurfaceMaterial,
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ import {
 
 export type PaintableMaterialTarget = Extract<
   MaterialTarget,
-  'wall' | 'roof' | 'stair' | 'fence' | 'slab' | 'ceiling'
+  'wall' | 'roof' | 'stair' | 'fence' | 'column' | 'slab' | 'ceiling'
 >
 
 export type SingleSurfaceMaterialRole = 'surface'
@@ -131,10 +132,9 @@ export function buildStairSurfaceMaterialPatch(
   }
 }
 
-export function buildSingleSurfaceMaterialPatch<TNode extends FenceNode | SlabNode | CeilingNode>(
-  material: MaterialSchema | undefined,
-  materialPreset: string | undefined,
-): Partial<TNode> {
+export function buildSingleSurfaceMaterialPatch<
+  TNode extends FenceNode | ColumnNode | SlabNode | CeilingNode,
+>(material: MaterialSchema | undefined, materialPreset: string | undefined): Partial<TNode> {
   return {
     material,
     materialPreset,
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ export function resolveActivePaintMaterialFromSelection(params: {
       materialPreset: surface.materialPreset,
       sourceTarget: 'wall',
     })
-        ? {
+      ? {
           material: surface.material,
           materialPreset: surface.materialPreset,
           sourceTarget: 'wall',
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ export function resolveActivePaintMaterialFromSelection(params: {
       materialPreset: surface.materialPreset,
       sourceTarget: 'roof',
     })
-        ? {
+      ? {
           material: surface.material,
           materialPreset: surface.materialPreset,
           sourceTarget: 'roof',
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ export function resolveActivePaintMaterialFromSelection(params: {
       materialPreset: surface.materialPreset,
       sourceTarget: 'stair',
     })
-        ? {
+      ? {
           material: surface.material,
           materialPreset: surface.materialPreset,
           sourceTarget: 'stair',
@@ -220,6 +220,7 @@ export function resolveActivePaintMaterialFromSelection(params: {
 
   if (
     (selectedNode.type === 'fence' ||
+      selectedNode.type === 'column' ||
       selectedNode.type === 'slab' ||
       selectedNode.type === 'ceiling') &&
     selectedMaterialTarget.role === 'surface'
@@ -267,6 +268,10 @@ export function resolvePaintTargetFromSelection(params: {
     return 'fence'
   }
 
+  if (selectedNode.type === 'column') {
+    return 'column'
+  }
+
   if (selectedNode.type === 'slab') {
     return 'slab'
   }
diff --git a/packages/editor/src/store/use-editor.tsx b/packages/editor/src/store/use-editor.tsx
index 560dc0948..b3aa2616c 100644
--- a/packages/editor/src/store/use-editor.tsx
+++ b/packages/editor/src/store/use-editor.tsx
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import {
   type AssetInput,
   type BuildingNode,
   type CeilingNode,
+  type ColumnNode,
   type DoorNode,
   type FenceNode,
   type ItemNode,
@@ -139,6 +140,7 @@ type EditorState = {
     | DoorNode
     | FenceNode
     | CeilingNode
+    | ColumnNode
     | SlabNode
     | WallNode
     | RoofNode
@@ -155,6 +157,7 @@ type EditorState = {
       | DoorNode
       | FenceNode
       | CeilingNode
+      | ColumnNode
       | SlabNode
       | WallNode
       | RoofNode
diff --git a/packages/viewer/src/components/renderers/column/column-renderer.tsx b/packages/viewer/src/components/renderers/column/column-renderer.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d80b89cf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/viewer/src/components/renderers/column/column-renderer.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,1496 @@
+import { type ColumnNode, useLiveTransforms, useRegistry } from '@pascal-app/core'
+import { createContext, useContext, useMemo, useRef } from 'react'
+import type { Group, Material } from 'three'
+import { useNodeEvents } from '../../../hooks/use-node-events'
+import { baseMaterial, createMaterial, createMaterialFromPresetRef } from '../../../lib/materials'
+import {
+  createColumnBoxGeometry,
+  createColumnCylinderGeometry,
+  createColumnSphereGeometry,
+  createColumnTorusGeometry,
+} from '../../../systems/column/column-geometry'
+
+const ColumnMaterialContext = createContext<Material>(baseMaterial as Material)
+const ColumnEdgeSoftnessContext = createContext(0.025)
+
+function ColumnMaterial() {
+  const material = useContext(ColumnMaterialContext)
+  return <primitive attach="material" object={material} />
+}
+
+function createColumnMaterial({
+  material,
+  materialPreset,
+}: Pick<ColumnNode, 'material' | 'materialPreset'>) {
+  const presetMaterial = createMaterialFromPresetRef(materialPreset)
+  if (presetMaterial) return presetMaterial
+  if (material) return createMaterial(material)
+  return baseMaterial
+}
+
+function getSegments(node: ColumnNode) {
+  if (node.crossSection === 'octagonal') return 8
+  if (node.crossSection === 'sixteen-sided') return 16
+  return 32
+}
+
+function getShaftProfile(node: ColumnNode) {
+  return node.shaftProfile ?? (node.shaftTaper > 0 ? 'tapered' : 'straight')
+}
+
+function getShaftSegmentCount(node: ColumnNode) {
+  const shaftProfile = getShaftProfile(node)
+  const shaftTaper = node.shaftTaper ?? 0
+  const hasTwist = Math.abs(node.shaftTwistStep ?? 0) > 0.001
+  return Math.max(
+    hasTwist ? 4 : 1,
+    shaftProfile === 'straight' && shaftTaper <= 0 && !hasTwist
+      ? 1
+      : (node.shaftSegmentCount ?? (hasTwist ? 12 : 24)),
+  )
+}
+
+function getShaftTwistRadians(node: ColumnNode, index: number) {
+  return ((node.shaftTwistStep ?? 0) * Math.PI * index) / 180
+}
+
+function getShaftScaleAt(node: ColumnNode, t: number) {
+  const shaftProfile = getShaftProfile(node)
+  const shaftTaper = Math.min(node.shaftTaper ?? 0, 0.85)
+  const startScale = node.shaftStartScale ?? 0.72
+  const endScale = node.shaftEndScale ?? startScale
+  const shaftBulge =
+    node.shaftBulge ??
+    (shaftProfile === 'bulged'
+      ? 0.16
+      : shaftProfile === 'baluster'
+        ? 0.2
+        : shaftProfile === 'hourglass'
+          ? 0.18
+          : 0)
+  const taperedScale = 1 - shaftTaper * t
+  const linearScale = (startScale + (endScale - startScale) * t) * taperedScale
+  const bulgeCurve = Math.sin(Math.PI * t)
+  const hourglassCurve = Math.abs(t - 0.5) * 2
+  const profileScale =
+    shaftProfile === 'bulged' || shaftProfile === 'baluster'
+      ? linearScale + shaftBulge * bulgeCurve
+      : shaftProfile === 'hourglass'
+        ? linearScale - shaftBulge * (1 - hourglassCurve)
+        : linearScale
+
+  return Math.max(0.1, profileScale)
+}
+
+type VectorTuple = [number, number, number]
+
+function MappedBox({
+  depth,
+  height,
+  position,
+  rotation,
+  softenEdges = true,
+  width,
+}: {
+  depth: number
+  height: number
+  position: VectorTuple
+  rotation?: VectorTuple
+  softenEdges?: boolean
+  width: number
+}) {
+  const edgeSoftness = useContext(ColumnEdgeSoftnessContext)
+  const minDimension = Math.max(0, Math.min(width, height, depth))
+  const bevelRadius = softenEdges ? Math.min(Math.max(0, edgeSoftness), minDimension * 0.35) : 0
+  const geometry = useMemo(() => {
+    if (height <= 0 || width <= 0 || depth <= 0) return null
+    return createColumnBoxGeometry(width, height, depth, bevelRadius)
+  }, [bevelRadius, depth, height, width])
+
+  if (!geometry) return null
+
+  return (
+    <mesh dispose={null} position={position} rotation={rotation}>
+      <primitive attach="geometry" dispose={null} object={geometry} />
+      <ColumnMaterial />
+    </mesh>
+  )
+}
+
+function MappedCylinder({
+  height,
+  position,
+  radius,
+  radiusBottom = radius,
+  radiusTop = radius,
+  radiusX = 1,
+  radiusZ = 1,
+  rotation,
+  segments = 32,
+}: {
+  height: number
+  position: VectorTuple
+  radius: number
+  radiusBottom?: number
+  radiusTop?: number
+  radiusX?: number
+  radiusZ?: number
+  rotation?: VectorTuple
+  segments?: number
+}) {
+  const geometry = useMemo(() => {
+    if (height <= 0 || radius <= 0 || radiusBottom < 0 || radiusTop < 0) return null
+    return createColumnCylinderGeometry({
+      height,
+      radiusBottom,
+      radiusTop,
+      radiusX,
+      radiusZ,
+      segments,
+    })
+  }, [height, radius, radiusBottom, radiusTop, radiusX, radiusZ, segments])
+
+  if (!geometry) return null
+
+  return (
+    <mesh dispose={null} position={position} rotation={rotation}>
+      <primitive attach="geometry" dispose={null} object={geometry} />
+      <ColumnMaterial />
+    </mesh>
+  )
+}
+
+function MappedCone({
+  height,
+  position,
+  radiusX,
+  radiusZ = radiusX,
+  rotation,
+  segments = 6,
+}: {
+  height: number
+  position: VectorTuple
+  radiusX: number
+  radiusZ?: number
+  rotation?: VectorTuple
+  segments?: number
+}) {
+  const geometry = useMemo(() => {
+    if (height <= 0 || radiusX <= 0 || radiusZ <= 0) return null
+    return createColumnCylinderGeometry({
+      height,
+      radiusBottom: 1,
+      radiusTop: 0,
+      radiusX,
+      radiusZ,
+      segments,
+    })
+  }, [height, radiusX, radiusZ, segments])
+
+  if (!geometry) return null
+
+  return (
+    <mesh dispose={null} position={position} rotation={rotation}>
+      <primitive attach="geometry" dispose={null} object={geometry} />
+      <ColumnMaterial />
+    </mesh>
+  )
+}
+
+function MappedSphere({
+  position,
+  radius,
+  segments = 10,
+  verticalSegments = 8,
+}: {
+  position: VectorTuple
+  radius: number
+  segments?: number
+  verticalSegments?: number
+}) {
+  const geometry = useMemo(() => {
+    if (radius <= 0) return null
+    return createColumnSphereGeometry(radius, segments, verticalSegments)
+  }, [radius, segments, verticalSegments])
+
+  if (!geometry) return null
+
+  return (
+    <mesh dispose={null} position={position}>
+      <primitive attach="geometry" dispose={null} object={geometry} />
+      <ColumnMaterial />
+    </mesh>
+  )
+}
+
+function MappedTorus({
+  arc,
+  position,
+  ringRadius,
+  rotation,
+  scaleX,
+  scaleY,
+  scaleZ,
+  tubeRadius,
+}: {
+  arc?: number
+  position: VectorTuple
+  ringRadius: number
+  rotation?: VectorTuple
+  scaleX?: number
+  scaleY?: number
+  scaleZ?: number
+  tubeRadius: number
+}) {
+  const geometry = useMemo(() => {
+    if (ringRadius <= 0 || tubeRadius <= 0) return null
+    return createColumnTorusGeometry({ arc, ringRadius, scaleX, scaleY, scaleZ, tubeRadius })
+  }, [arc, ringRadius, scaleX, scaleY, scaleZ, tubeRadius])
+
+  if (!geometry) return null
+
+  return (
+    <mesh dispose={null} position={position} rotation={rotation}>
+      <primitive attach="geometry" dispose={null} object={geometry} />
+      <ColumnMaterial />
+    </mesh>
+  )
+}
+
+function SquareBlock({
+  y,
+  height,
+  width,
+  depth,
+  softenEdges = true,
+}: {
+  y: number
+  height: number
+  width: number
+  depth: number
+  softenEdges?: boolean
+}) {
+  return (
+    <MappedBox
+      depth={depth}
+      height={height}
+      position={[0, y + height / 2, 0]}
+      softenEdges={softenEdges}
+      width={width}
+    />
+  )
+}
+
+function RoundBlock({
+  x = 0,
+  y,
+  z = 0,
+  height,
+  radius,
+  segments = 32,
+}: {
+  x?: number
+  y: number
+  z?: number
+  height: number
+  radius: number
+  segments?: number
+}) {
+  return (
+    <MappedCylinder
+      height={height}
+      position={[x, y + height / 2, z]}
+      radius={radius}
+      segments={segments}
+    />
+  )
+}
+
+function RoundedRectangleShaftSegment({
+  y,
+  height,
+  width,
+  depth,
+  cornerRadius,
+}: {
+  y: number
+  height: number
+  width: number
+  depth: number
+  cornerRadius: number
+}) {
+  if (height <= 0) return null
+
+  const radius = Math.min(Math.max(0, cornerRadius), Math.min(width, depth) * 0.45)
+  if (radius <= 0.001) {
+    return <SquareBlock depth={depth} height={height} width={width} y={y} />
+  }
+
+  const innerWidth = Math.max(0, width - radius * 2)
+  const innerDepth = Math.max(0, depth - radius * 2)
+  const cornerX = width / 2 - radius
+  const cornerZ = depth / 2 - radius
+
+  return (
+    <group>
+      {innerWidth > 0 && (
+        <SquareBlock depth={depth} height={height} softenEdges={false} width={innerWidth} y={y} />
+      )}
+      {innerDepth > 0 && (
+        <SquareBlock depth={innerDepth} height={height} softenEdges={false} width={width} y={y} />
+      )}
+      {(
+        [
+          [cornerX, cornerZ],
+          [cornerX, -cornerZ],
+          [-cornerX, cornerZ],
+          [-cornerX, -cornerZ],
+        ] satisfies [number, number][]
+      ).map(([x, z], index) => (
+        <RoundBlock height={height} key={index} radius={radius} segments={18} x={x} y={y} z={z} />
+      ))}
+    </group>
+  )
+}
+
+function OvalBlock({
+  y,
+  height,
+  width,
+  depth,
+  segments = 32,
+}: {
+  y: number
+  height: number
+  width: number
+  depth: number
+  segments?: number
+}) {
+  return (
+    <MappedCylinder
+      height={height}
+      position={[0, y + height / 2, 0]}
+      radius={1}
+      radiusX={width / 2}
+      radiusZ={depth / 2}
+      segments={segments}
+    />
+  )
+}
+
+function ColumnBlock({
+  node,
+  y,
+  height,
+  scale = 1,
+}: {
+  node: ColumnNode
+  y: number
+  height: number
+  scale?: number
+}) {
+  if (height <= 0) return null
+
+  const width = node.width * scale
+  const depth = node.depth * scale
+  const radius = node.radius * scale
+
+  if (node.crossSection === 'square' || node.crossSection === 'rectangular') {
+    return <SquareBlock depth={depth} height={height} width={width} y={y} />
+  }
+
+  return <RoundBlock height={height} radius={radius} segments={getSegments(node)} y={y} />
+}
+
+function TaperedRoundShaft({ node, y, height }: { node: ColumnNode; y: number; height: number }) {
+  const segmentCount = getShaftSegmentCount(node)
+  const segmentHeight = height / segmentCount
+
+  return (
+    <group>
+      {Array.from({ length: segmentCount }, (_, index) => {
+        const t = (index + 0.5) / segmentCount
+        const profileScale = getShaftScaleAt(node, t)
+        return (
+          <group key={index} rotation={[0, getShaftTwistRadians(node, index), 0]}>
+            <RoundBlock
+              height={segmentHeight * 1.015}
+              radius={node.radius * profileScale}
+              segments={getSegments(node)}
+              y={y + index * segmentHeight}
+            />
+          </group>
+        )
+      })}
+    </group>
+  )
+}
+
+function TaperedSquareShaft({ node, y, height }: { node: ColumnNode; y: number; height: number }) {
+  const segmentCount = getShaftSegmentCount(node)
+  const segmentHeight = height / segmentCount
+
+  return (
+    <group>
+      {Array.from({ length: segmentCount }, (_, index) => {
+        const t = (index + 0.5) / segmentCount
+        const profileScale = getShaftScaleAt(node, t)
+        return (
+          <group key={index} rotation={[0, getShaftTwistRadians(node, index), 0]}>
+            <RoundedRectangleShaftSegment
+              cornerRadius={(node.shaftCornerRadius ?? 0.035) * profileScale}
+              depth={node.depth * profileScale}
+              height={segmentHeight * 1.015}
+              width={node.width * profileScale}
+              y={y + index * segmentHeight}
+            />
+          </group>
+        )
+      })}
+    </group>
+  )
+}
+
+function Shaft({ node, y, height }: { node: ColumnNode; y: number; height: number }) {
+  if (height <= 0) return null
+
+  if (node.style === 'cluster') {
+    const sideRadius = Math.max(0.04, node.radius * 0.36)
+    const offset = Math.max(node.radius * 0.78, node.width * 0.22)
+    return (
+      <group>
+        <RoundBlock height={height} radius={node.radius * 0.62} segments={24} y={y} />
+        {(
+          [
+            [offset, 0],
+            [-offset, 0],
+            [0, offset],
+            [0, -offset],
+          ] satisfies [number, number][]
+        ).map(([x, z], index) => (
+          <RoundBlock
+            height={height}
+            key={`${x}-${z}-${index}`}
+            radius={sideRadius}
+            segments={16}
+            x={x}
+            y={y}
+            z={z}
+          />
+        ))}
+      </group>
+    )
+  }
+
+  if (
+    node.crossSection === 'round' ||
+    node.crossSection === 'octagonal' ||
+    node.crossSection === 'sixteen-sided'
+  ) {
+    return <TaperedRoundShaft height={height} node={node} y={y} />
+  }
+
+  return <TaperedSquareShaft height={height} node={node} y={y} />
+}
+
+function Base({ node, height }: { node: ColumnNode; height: number }) {
+  if (height <= 0) return null
+
+  const baseStyle = node.baseStyle ?? 'round-rings'
+  const widthScale = node.baseWidthScale ?? 1.24
+  const depthScale = node.baseDepthScale ?? widthScale
+
+  if (baseStyle === 'none') return null
+
+  if (baseStyle === 'simple-square') {
+    return (
+      <SquareBlock
+        depth={node.depth * depthScale}
+        height={height}
+        width={node.width * widthScale}
+        y={0}
+      />
+    )
+  }
+
+  if (baseStyle === 'square-plinth') {
+    return (
+      <group>
+        <SquareBlock
+          depth={node.depth * depthScale}
+          height={height * 0.35}
+          width={node.width * widthScale}
+          y={0}
+        />
+        <SquareBlock
+          depth={node.depth * Math.max(0.9, depthScale * 0.84)}
+          height={height * 0.65}
+          width={node.width * Math.max(0.9, widthScale * 0.84)}
+          y={height * 0.35}
+        />
+      </group>
+    )
+  }
+
+  if (baseStyle === 'stepped-square') {
+    const tierCount = Math.max(3, node.baseTierCount ?? 3)
+    const tierHeight = height / tierCount
+    const stepSpread = node.baseStepSpread ?? 0.42
+    return (
+      <group>
+        {Array.from({ length: tierCount }, (_, index) => {
+          const t = index / Math.max(1, tierCount - 1)
+          const widthScaleAt = Math.max(0.5, widthScale - t * stepSpread)
+          const depthScaleAt = Math.max(0.5, depthScale - t * stepSpread)
+          return (
+            <SquareBlock
+              depth={node.depth * depthScaleAt}
+              height={tierHeight * 1.01}
+              key={index}
+              width={node.width * widthScaleAt}
+              y={index * tierHeight}
+            />
+          )
+        })}
+      </group>
+    )
+  }
+
+  if (baseStyle === 'round-rings') {
+    const baseWidth = node.width * widthScale
+    const baseDepth = node.depth * depthScale
+    const plinthRatio = Math.min(0.7, Math.max(0.2, node.basePlinthHeightRatio ?? 0.44))
+    const plinthHeight = height * plinthRatio
+    const roundedHeight = height - plinthHeight
+    const bandHeight = roundedHeight * 0.57
+    const neckHeight = roundedHeight - bandHeight
+    const bandScale = node.baseRoundBandScale ?? 0.92
+    const neckScale = node.baseNeckScale ?? 0.72
+    return (
+      <group>
+        <SquareBlock depth={baseDepth} height={plinthHeight} width={baseWidth} y={0} />
+        <OvalBlock
+          depth={baseDepth * bandScale}
+          height={bandHeight}
+          segments={32}
+          width={baseWidth * bandScale}
+          y={plinthHeight}
+        />
+        <OvalBlock
+          depth={baseDepth * neckScale}
+          height={neckHeight}
+          segments={32}
+          width={baseWidth * neckScale}
+          y={plinthHeight + bandHeight}
+        />
+      </group>
+    )
+  }
+
+  if (baseStyle === 'lotus' || baseStyle === 'ribbed-lotus') {
+    const ribCount = node.baseRibCount ?? (baseStyle === 'ribbed-lotus' ? 24 : 14)
+    const ribRadius = Math.max(0.01, node.width * 0.025)
+    const baseRadius = Math.max(node.radius * widthScale, node.width * widthScale * 0.5)
+    return (
+      <group>
+        <SquareBlock
+          depth={node.depth * 1.28}
+          height={height * 0.22}
+          width={node.width * 1.28}
+          y={0}
+        />
+        <RoundBlock
+          height={height * 0.24}
+          radius={baseRadius * 0.86}
+          segments={32}
+          y={height * 0.22}
+        />
+        {Array.from({ length: ribCount }, (_, index) => {
+          const angle = (index / ribCount) * Math.PI * 2
+          return (
+            <MappedCylinder
+              height={height * 0.38}
+              key={index}
+              position={[
+                Math.cos(angle) * baseRadius * 0.86,
+                height * 0.58,
+                Math.sin(angle) * baseRadius * 0.86,
+              ]}
+              radius={ribRadius}
+              rotation={[0, -angle, 0]}
+              segments={6}
+            />
+          )
+        })}
+        <RoundBlock
+          height={height * 0.16}
+          radius={baseRadius * 0.72}
+          segments={32}
+          y={height * 0.82}
+        />
+      </group>
+    )
+  }
+
+  if (baseStyle === 'panelled-pedestal') {
+    const inset = node.basePanelInset ?? 0.02
+    return (
+      <group>
+        <SquareBlock
+          depth={node.depth * widthScale}
+          height={height}
+          width={node.width * widthScale}
+          y={0}
+        />
+        {(
+          [
+            [0, node.depth * widthScale * 0.51, 0],
+            [0, -node.depth * widthScale * 0.51, 0],
+            [node.width * widthScale * 0.51, 0, Math.PI / 2],
+            [-node.width * widthScale * 0.51, 0, Math.PI / 2],
+          ] satisfies [number, number, number][]
+        ).map(([x, z, rotation], index) => (
+          <MappedBox
+            depth={inset}
+            height={height * 0.42}
+            key={index}
+            position={[x, height * 0.5, z]}
+            rotation={[0, rotation, 0]}
+            softenEdges={false}
+            width={node.width * 0.36}
+          />
+        ))}
+      </group>
+    )
+  }
+
+  return <ColumnBlock height={height} node={node} scale={1.12} y={0} />
+}
+
+function BaseCarvings({ node, height }: { node: ColumnNode; height: number }) {
+  const placement = node.carvingPlacement ?? 'capital'
+  const carvingLevel = node.baseCarvingLevel ?? 0
+  if (carvingLevel <= 0 || height <= 0 || (placement !== 'base' && placement !== 'all')) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  const count = Math.max(8, carvingLevel * 8)
+  const radius = Math.max(node.radius * 1.04, Math.max(node.width, node.depth) * 0.5)
+  const y = height * 0.52
+
+  return (
+    <group>
+      {Array.from({ length: count }, (_, index) => {
+        const angle = (index / count) * Math.PI * 2
+        return (
+          <MappedCone
+            height={height * 0.28}
+            key={index}
+            position={[Math.cos(angle) * radius, y, Math.sin(angle) * radius]}
+            radiusX={0.014}
+            radiusZ={0.01}
+            rotation={[0.36, -angle, 0]}
+            segments={5}
+          />
+        )
+      })}
+    </group>
+  )
+}
+
+function Rings({
+  node,
+  shaftY,
+  shaftHeight,
+}: {
+  node: ColumnNode
+  shaftY: number
+  shaftHeight: number
+}) {
+  if (node.ringCount <= 0 || shaftHeight <= 0) return null
+
+  const ringPlacement = node.ringPlacement ?? 'ends'
+  const ringSpread = Math.min(0.45, Math.max(0.04, node.ringSpread ?? 0.16))
+  const ringHeight = Math.min(
+    node.ringThickness ?? 0.055,
+    shaftHeight / Math.max(8, node.ringCount * 3),
+  )
+  const rings = Array.from({ length: node.ringCount }, (_, index) => {
+    const pairIndex = Math.floor(index / 2)
+    const nearTop = index % 2 === 1
+    const pairCount = Math.ceil(node.ringCount / 2)
+    const pairT = pairCount <= 1 ? 0 : pairIndex / (pairCount - 1)
+    const offset = Math.min(0.48, 0.06 + pairT * Math.max(0, ringSpread - 0.06))
+    const oneSideT =
+      0.06 + (index / Math.max(1, node.ringCount - 1)) * Math.max(0, ringSpread - 0.06)
+    const t =
+      ringPlacement === 'even'
+        ? (index + 1) / (node.ringCount + 1)
+        : ringPlacement === 'top'
+          ? 1 - Math.min(0.48, oneSideT)
+          : ringPlacement === 'bottom'
+            ? Math.min(0.48, oneSideT)
+            : nearTop
+              ? 1 - offset
+              : offset
+    return {
+      scale: Math.min(1.4, getShaftScaleAt(node, t) + 0.12),
+      y: shaftY + shaftHeight * t - ringHeight / 2,
+    }
+  }).sort((a, b) => a.y - b.y)
+
+  return (
+    <group>
+      {rings.map((ring, index) => (
+        <ColumnBlock height={ringHeight} key={index} node={node} scale={ring.scale} y={ring.y} />
+      ))}
+    </group>
+  )
+}
+
+function LatheBands({
+  node,
+  shaftY,
+  shaftHeight,
+}: {
+  node: ColumnNode
+  shaftY: number
+  shaftHeight: number
+}) {
+  const latheRingCount = Math.max(
+    node.latheRingCount ?? 0,
+    node.shaftDetail === 'lathe-turned' ? 8 : 0,
+  )
+  if (latheRingCount <= 0 || shaftHeight <= 0) return null
+
+  const placement = node.latheRingSpacing ?? 'ends'
+  const bandHeight = Math.min(0.04, shaftHeight / Math.max(12, latheRingCount * 3))
+  const bands = Array.from({ length: latheRingCount }, (_, index) => {
+    const pairIndex = Math.floor(index / 2)
+    const nearTop = index % 2 === 1
+    const offset = Math.min(0.48, 0.1 + pairIndex * 0.04)
+    const t =
+      placement === 'even'
+        ? (index + 1) / (latheRingCount + 1)
+        : placement === 'top'
+          ? 1 - Math.min(0.48, 0.08 + index * 0.04)
+          : placement === 'bottom'
+            ? Math.min(0.48, 0.08 + index * 0.04)
+            : nearTop
+              ? 1 - offset
+              : offset
+    return shaftY + shaftHeight * t - bandHeight / 2
+  }).sort((a, b) => a - b)
+
+  return (
+    <group>
+      {bands.map((y, index) => (
+        <ColumnBlock
+          height={bandHeight}
+          key={index}
+          node={node}
+          scale={0.82 + (index % 2) * 0.08}
+          y={y}
+        />
+      ))}
+    </group>
+  )
+}
+
+function Flutes({
+  node,
+  shaftY,
+  shaftHeight,
+}: {
+  node: ColumnNode
+  shaftY: number
+  shaftHeight: number
+}) {
+  const fluteCount = Math.max(node.fluteCount, node.shaftDetail === 'fluted' ? 16 : 0)
+  if (fluteCount <= 0 || shaftHeight <= 0 || node.crossSection !== 'round') return null
+
+  const fluteDepth = node.fluteDepth ?? 0.02
+  const fluteWidth = node.fluteWidth ?? fluteDepth
+  const fluteRadius = Math.max(0.006, fluteWidth * 0.42)
+  const shaftRadius = node.radius * 0.74
+
+  return (
+    <group>
+      {Array.from({ length: fluteCount }, (_, index) => {
+        const angle = (index / fluteCount) * Math.PI * 2
+        const x = Math.cos(angle) * shaftRadius
+        const z = Math.sin(angle) * shaftRadius
+        return (
+          <MappedCylinder
+            height={shaftHeight * 0.92}
+            key={index}
+            position={[x, shaftY + shaftHeight / 2, z]}
+            radius={fluteRadius}
+            segments={8}
+          />
+        )
+      })}
+    </group>
+  )
+}
+
+function DravidianShaftPanels({
+  node,
+  shaftY,
+  shaftHeight,
+}: {
+  node: ColumnNode
+  shaftY: number
+  shaftHeight: number
+}) {
+  const panelCount = Math.max(
+    node.panelCount ?? 0,
+    node.style === 'dravidian-carved' || node.shaftDetail === 'panelled' ? 3 : 0,
+  )
+  if (panelCount <= 0 || shaftHeight <= 0) return null
+
+  const shaftWidth = node.width * 0.72
+  const shaftDepth = node.depth * 0.72
+  const panelHeight = Math.min(0.42, shaftHeight / Math.max(4, panelCount + 2))
+  const panelWidth = node.width * 0.26
+  const rail = Math.max(0.012, node.width * 0.028)
+  const reliefDepth = Math.max(0.012, node.panelInsetDepth ?? node.width * 0.025)
+  const rows = Array.from({ length: panelCount }, (_, index) => (index + 1) / (panelCount + 1))
+  const panelShape = node.panelShape ?? 'rectangle'
+
+  const PanelFace = ({
+    position,
+    rotation = 0,
+  }: {
+    position: [number, number, number]
+    rotation?: number
+  }) => (
+    <group position={position} rotation={[0, rotation, 0]}>
+      <MappedBox
+        depth={reliefDepth}
+        height={rail}
+        position={[0, panelHeight / 2, 0]}
+        softenEdges={false}
+        width={panelWidth}
+      />
+      <MappedBox
+        depth={reliefDepth}
+        height={rail}
+        position={[0, -panelHeight / 2, 0]}
+        softenEdges={false}
+        width={panelWidth}
+      />
+      <MappedBox
+        depth={reliefDepth}
+        height={panelHeight}
+        position={[panelWidth / 2, 0, 0]}
+        softenEdges={false}
+        width={rail}
+      />
+      <MappedBox
+        depth={reliefDepth}
+        height={panelHeight}
+        position={[-panelWidth / 2, 0, 0]}
+        softenEdges={false}
+        width={rail}
+      />
+      {panelShape === 'diamond' && (
+        <MappedBox
+          depth={reliefDepth}
+          height={panelHeight * 0.42}
+          position={[0, 0, 0]}
+          rotation={[0, 0, Math.PI / 4]}
+          softenEdges={false}
+          width={rail * 1.2}
+        />
+      )}
+      {panelShape === 'arched' && (
+        <MappedTorus
+          arc={Math.PI}
+          position={[0, panelHeight * 0.28, 0]}
+          ringRadius={panelWidth * 0.42}
+          scaleX={panelWidth * 0.42}
+          scaleY={rail}
+          scaleZ={reliefDepth}
+          tubeRadius={Math.max(rail, reliefDepth) * 0.18}
+        />
+      )}
+    </group>
+  )
+
+  return (
+    <group>
+      {rows.map((t, rowIndex) => {
+        const y = shaftY + shaftHeight * t
+        return (
+          <group key={rowIndex}>
+            <PanelFace position={[0, y, shaftDepth / 2 + reliefDepth / 2]} />
+            <PanelFace position={[0, y, -shaftDepth / 2 - reliefDepth / 2]} />
+            <PanelFace position={[shaftWidth / 2 + reliefDepth / 2, y, 0]} rotation={Math.PI / 2} />
+            <PanelFace
+              position={[-shaftWidth / 2 - reliefDepth / 2, y, 0]}
+              rotation={Math.PI / 2}
+            />
+          </group>
+        )
+      })}
+    </group>
+  )
+}
+
+function SpiralRibs({
+  node,
+  shaftY,
+  shaftHeight,
+}: {
+  node: ColumnNode
+  shaftY: number
+  shaftHeight: number
+}) {
+  const spiralRibCount = node.spiralRibCount ?? 0
+  const spiralTwist = node.spiralTwist ?? 0
+  const shaftTaper = node.shaftTaper ?? 0
+  const ribCountSetting = Math.max(spiralRibCount, node.shaftDetail === 'spiral' ? 12 : 0)
+  if (ribCountSetting <= 0 || spiralTwist === 0 || shaftHeight <= 0) return null
+
+  const ribCount = Math.min(ribCountSetting, 24)
+  const stepCount = 28
+  const ribDistance = node.radius * 0.78
+  const ribWidth = Math.max(0.012, node.radius * 0.06)
+  const segmentHeight = (shaftHeight / stepCount) * 1.18
+  const lean = spiralTwist > 0 ? -0.55 : 0.55
+
+  return (
+    <group>
+      {Array.from({ length: ribCount * stepCount }, (_, index) => {
+        const ribIndex = index % ribCount
+        const stepIndex = Math.floor(index / ribCount)
+        const t = (stepIndex + 0.5) / stepCount
+        const angle = (ribIndex / ribCount) * Math.PI * 2 + t * spiralTwist * Math.PI * 2
+        const taperScale = 1 - Math.min(shaftTaper, 0.85) * t
+        return (
+          <MappedCylinder
+            height={segmentHeight}
+            key={index}
+            position={[
+              Math.cos(angle) * ribDistance * taperScale,
+              shaftY + shaftHeight * t,
+              Math.sin(angle) * ribDistance * taperScale,
+            ]}
+            radius={ribWidth}
+            rotation={[0, -angle, lean]}
+            segments={8}
+          />
+        )
+      })}
+    </group>
+  )
+}
+
+function LowerCarvedBand({
+  node,
+  shaftY,
+  shaftHeight,
+}: {
+  node: ColumnNode
+  shaftY: number
+  shaftHeight: number
+}) {
+  const placement = node.carvingPlacement ?? 'capital'
+  if (
+    !node.lowerBandEnabled ||
+    shaftHeight <= 0 ||
+    (placement !== 'shaft' && placement !== 'all')
+  ) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  const bandHeight = Math.min(node.lowerBandHeight ?? 0.24, shaftHeight * 0.35)
+  const y = shaftY + shaftHeight * 0.12
+  const level = Math.max(1, node.lowerBandCarvingLevel ?? 1)
+  const count = Math.max(6, level * 6)
+  const distance = Math.max(node.radius * 0.82, Math.max(node.width, node.depth) * 0.36)
+
+  return (
+    <group>
+      <ColumnBlock height={bandHeight} node={node} scale={0.84} y={y} />
+      {Array.from({ length: count }, (_, index) => {
+        const angle = (index / count) * Math.PI * 2
+        return (
+          <MappedCylinder
+            height={bandHeight * 0.62}
+            key={index}
+            position={[
+              Math.cos(angle) * distance,
+              y + bandHeight * 0.5,
+              Math.sin(angle) * distance,
+            ]}
+            radius={0.012}
+            rotation={[0, -angle, 0]}
+            segments={5}
+          />
+        )
+      })}
+    </group>
+  )
+}
+
+function CapitalCarvings({
+  node,
+  capitalY,
+  capitalHeight,
+}: {
+  node: ColumnNode
+  capitalY: number
+  capitalHeight: number
+}) {
+  const placement = node.carvingPlacement ?? 'capital'
+  const carvingLevel = Math.max(node.carvingLevel ?? 0, node.capitalCarvingLevel ?? 0)
+  const bandSetting = node.capitalBandCount ?? 0
+  if (
+    (carvingLevel <= 0 && bandSetting <= 0) ||
+    capitalHeight <= 0 ||
+    (placement !== 'capital' && placement !== 'all')
+  ) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  const level = Math.min(Math.max(carvingLevel, bandSetting > 0 ? 1 : 0), 4)
+  const bandHeight = Math.min(0.035, capitalHeight / 8)
+  const bandCount = Math.min(bandSetting > 0 ? bandSetting : level + 1, 16)
+  const bands = Array.from({ length: bandCount }, (_, index) => {
+    const t = (index + 1) / (bandCount + 1)
+    return capitalY + capitalHeight * t - bandHeight / 2
+  })
+
+  if (node.crossSection === 'square' || node.crossSection === 'rectangular') {
+    const dentilCount = Math.max(node.dentilCount ?? 0, level * 4, 4)
+    const dentilHeight = Math.min(0.08, capitalHeight * 0.28)
+    const dentilDepth = Math.min(0.08, Math.min(node.width, node.depth) * 0.16)
+    const dentilWidth = Math.max(0.025, node.width / (dentilCount * 1.75))
+    const halfWidth = node.width * 0.56
+    const halfDepth = node.depth * 0.56
+    const y = capitalY + capitalHeight * 0.28
+    const xPositions = Array.from({ length: dentilCount }, (_, index) => {
+      const t = dentilCount === 1 ? 0.5 : index / (dentilCount - 1)
+      return -halfWidth + t * halfWidth * 2
+    })
+    const zPositions = Array.from({ length: dentilCount }, (_, index) => {
+      const t = dentilCount === 1 ? 0.5 : index / (dentilCount - 1)
+      return -halfDepth + t * halfDepth * 2
+    })
+
+    return (
+      <group>
+        {bands.map((bandY, index) => (
+          <ColumnBlock
+            height={bandHeight}
+            key={`band-${index}`}
+            node={node}
+            scale={1.28}
+            y={bandY}
+          />
+        ))}
+        {xPositions.map((x, index) => (
+          <group key={`front-back-dentil-${index}`}>
+            <MappedBox
+              depth={dentilDepth}
+              height={dentilHeight}
+              position={[x, y, halfDepth]}
+              softenEdges={false}
+              width={dentilWidth}
+            />
+            <MappedBox
+              depth={dentilDepth}
+              height={dentilHeight}
+              position={[x, y, -halfDepth]}
+              softenEdges={false}
+              width={dentilWidth}
+            />
+          </group>
+        ))}
+        {zPositions.map((z, index) => (
+          <group key={`side-dentil-${index}`}>
+            <MappedBox
+              depth={dentilWidth}
+              height={dentilHeight}
+              position={[halfWidth, y, z]}
+              softenEdges={false}
+              width={dentilDepth}
+            />
+            <MappedBox
+              depth={dentilWidth}
+              height={dentilHeight}
+              position={[-halfWidth, y, z]}
+              softenEdges={false}
+              width={dentilDepth}
+            />
+          </group>
+        ))}
+      </group>
+    )
+  }
+
+  const beadCount = Math.max(node.beadCount ?? 0, 8, level * 8)
+  const beadRadius = Math.max(0.012, Math.min(0.03, node.radius * 0.12))
+  const beadDistance = node.radius * 1.24
+  const beadY = capitalY + capitalHeight * 0.24
+
+  return (
+    <group>
+      {bands.map((bandY, index) => (
+        <ColumnBlock height={bandHeight} key={`band-${index}`} node={node} scale={1.24} y={bandY} />
+      ))}
+      {Array.from({ length: beadCount }, (_, index) => {
+        const angle = (index / beadCount) * Math.PI * 2
+        return (
+          <MappedSphere
+            key={`bead-${index}`}
+            position={[Math.cos(angle) * beadDistance, beadY, Math.sin(angle) * beadDistance]}
+            radius={beadRadius}
+          />
+        )
+      })}
+    </group>
+  )
+}
+
+function Volutes({
+  node,
+  capitalY,
+  capitalHeight,
+}: {
+  node: ColumnNode
+  capitalY: number
+  capitalHeight: number
+}) {
+  if (!['volute', 'ionic-volute'].includes(node.capitalStyle ?? 'simple') || capitalHeight <= 0)
+    return null
+
+  const y = capitalY + capitalHeight * 0.62
+  const radius = node.voluteSize ?? Math.min(0.085, Math.max(0.04, node.width * 0.12))
+  const x = node.width * 0.46
+  const z = node.depth * 0.7
+  const maxVolutes = Math.max(0, Math.min(node.voluteCount ?? 4, 8))
+  const volutes = [
+    {
+      position: [x, y, z] as [number, number, number],
+      rotation: [0, 0, 0] as [number, number, number],
+    },
+    {
+      position: [-x, y, z] as [number, number, number],
+      rotation: [0, 0, 0] as [number, number, number],
+    },
+    {
+      position: [x, y, -z] as [number, number, number],
+      rotation: [0, Math.PI, 0] as [number, number, number],
+    },
+    {
+      position: [-x, y, -z] as [number, number, number],
+      rotation: [0, Math.PI, 0] as [number, number, number],
+    },
+    {
+      position: [z, y, x] as [number, number, number],
+      rotation: [0, Math.PI / 2, 0] as [number, number, number],
+    },
+    {
+      position: [z, y, -x] as [number, number, number],
+      rotation: [0, Math.PI / 2, 0] as [number, number, number],
+    },
+    {
+      position: [-z, y, x] as [number, number, number],
+      rotation: [0, -Math.PI / 2, 0] as [number, number, number],
+    },
+    {
+      position: [-z, y, -x] as [number, number, number],
+      rotation: [0, -Math.PI / 2, 0] as [number, number, number],
+    },
+  ].slice(0, maxVolutes)
+
+  return (
+    <group>
+      {volutes.map((volute, index) => (
+        <MappedTorus
+          key={index}
+          position={volute.position}
+          ringRadius={radius}
+          rotation={volute.rotation}
+          scaleZ={radius * 0.28}
+          tubeRadius={radius * 0.18}
+        />
+      ))}
+    </group>
+  )
+}
+
+function LeafCarvings({
+  node,
+  capitalY,
+  capitalHeight,
+}: {
+  node: ColumnNode
+  capitalY: number
+  capitalHeight: number
+}) {
+  if (
+    !['leaf-carved', 'corinthian-leaf'].includes(node.capitalStyle ?? 'simple') ||
+    capitalHeight <= 0
+  ) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  const leafCount = node.leafCount ?? (node.crossSection === 'round' ? 18 : 12)
+  const distance = Math.max(node.radius * 1.05, Math.max(node.width, node.depth) * 0.48)
+  const rowCount = Math.max(0, Math.min(node.leafRows ?? 2, 4))
+  const rows = Array.from({ length: rowCount }, (_, index) => ({
+    y: capitalY + capitalHeight * (0.3 + index * 0.16),
+    scale: 0.28 - index * 0.04,
+    offset: index % 2 === 0 ? 0 : Math.PI / leafCount,
+  }))
+
+  return (
+    <group>
+      {rows.flatMap((row, rowIndex) =>
+        Array.from({ length: leafCount }, (_, index) => {
+          const angle = (index / leafCount) * Math.PI * 2 + row.offset
+          return (
+            <MappedCone
+              height={capitalHeight * row.scale}
+              key={`${rowIndex}-${index}`}
+              position={[Math.cos(angle) * distance, row.y, Math.sin(angle) * distance]}
+              radiusX={0.018}
+              radiusZ={0.01}
+              rotation={[0.48, -angle, 0]}
+              segments={6}
+            />
+          )
+        }),
+      )}
+    </group>
+  )
+}
+
+function Capital({ node, y, height }: { node: ColumnNode; y: number; height: number }) {
+  if (height <= 0) return null
+
+  const capitalStyle = node.capitalStyle ?? 'simple'
+  if (capitalStyle === 'none') return null
+
+  if (capitalStyle === 'south-indian-bracket' || capitalStyle === 'wood-bracket') {
+    const tierCount = Math.max(1, node.bracketTierCount ?? 3)
+    const tierHeight = height / tierCount
+    const bracketDepth = node.bracketDepth ?? 0.35
+    return (
+      <group>
+        {Array.from({ length: tierCount }, (_, index) => {
+          const t = index / Math.max(1, tierCount - 1)
+          const scale = (node.capitalWidthScale ?? 1.6) + t * 0.32
+          return (
+            <SquareBlock
+              depth={node.depth * scale + bracketDepth * t}
+              height={tierHeight}
+              key={index}
+              width={node.width * scale + bracketDepth * t}
+              y={y + index * tierHeight}
+            />
+          )
+        })}
+        {Array.from({ length: node.pendantCount ?? 0 }, (_, index) => {
+          const count = Math.max(1, node.pendantCount ?? 0)
+          const angle = (index / count) * Math.PI * 2
+          const distance = Math.max(node.width, node.depth) * 0.56
+          return (
+            <MappedCone
+              height={height * 0.28}
+              key={index}
+              position={[Math.cos(angle) * distance, y - height * 0.1, Math.sin(angle) * distance]}
+              radiusX={0.035}
+              rotation={[0, 0, 0]}
+              segments={6}
+            />
+          )
+        })}
+      </group>
+    )
+  }
+
+  if (capitalStyle === 'rounded' || capitalStyle === 'doric') {
+    const topWidth = node.width * (node.capitalWidthScale ?? 1.34)
+    const topDepth = node.depth * (node.capitalDepthScale ?? node.capitalWidthScale ?? 1.34)
+    return (
+      <group>
+        <OvalBlock
+          depth={topDepth * 0.72}
+          height={height * 0.24}
+          segments={32}
+          width={topWidth * 0.72}
+          y={y}
+        />
+        <OvalBlock
+          depth={topDepth * 0.92}
+          height={height * 0.32}
+          segments={32}
+          width={topWidth * 0.92}
+          y={y + height * 0.24}
+        />
+        <SquareBlock
+          depth={topDepth}
+          height={height * 0.44}
+          width={topWidth}
+          y={y + height * 0.56}
+        />
+      </group>
+    )
+  }
+
+  if (capitalStyle === 'stepped') {
+    const widthScale = node.capitalWidthScale ?? 1.46
+    const depthScale = node.capitalDepthScale ?? widthScale
+    const tierCount = Math.max(3, node.capitalTierCount ?? 3)
+    const tierHeight = height / tierCount
+    const stepSpread = node.capitalStepSpread ?? 0.42
+
+    return (
+      <group>
+        {Array.from({ length: tierCount }, (_, index) => {
+          const t = index / Math.max(1, tierCount - 1)
+          const widthScaleAt = Math.max(0.5, widthScale - (1 - t) * stepSpread)
+          const depthScaleAt = Math.max(0.5, depthScale - (1 - t) * stepSpread)
+          return (
+            <SquareBlock
+              depth={node.depth * depthScaleAt}
+              height={tierHeight * 1.01}
+              key={index}
+              width={node.width * widthScaleAt}
+              y={y + index * tierHeight}
+            />
+          )
+        })}
+      </group>
+    )
+  }
+
+  if (
+    capitalStyle === 'volute' ||
+    capitalStyle === 'ionic-volute' ||
+    capitalStyle === 'leaf-carved' ||
+    capitalStyle === 'corinthian-leaf'
+  ) {
+    const topWidth = node.width * (node.capitalWidthScale ?? 1.46)
+    const topDepth = node.depth * (node.capitalDepthScale ?? node.capitalWidthScale ?? 1.46)
+
+    return (
+      <group>
+        <ColumnBlock height={height * 0.24} node={node} scale={0.9} y={y} />
+        <ColumnBlock height={height * 0.2} node={node} scale={1.08} y={y + height * 0.24} />
+        <SquareBlock
+          depth={topDepth}
+          height={height * 0.28}
+          width={topWidth}
+          y={y + height * 0.44}
+        />
+        <Volutes capitalHeight={height} capitalY={y} node={node} />
+        <LeafCarvings capitalHeight={height} capitalY={y} node={node} />
+      </group>
+    )
+  }
+
+  const widthScale = node.capitalWidthScale ?? (capitalStyle === 'simple-slab' ? 1.28 : 1.18)
+  const depthScale = node.capitalDepthScale ?? widthScale
+
+  if (node.crossSection === 'square' || node.crossSection === 'rectangular') {
+    return (
+      <SquareBlock
+        depth={node.depth * depthScale}
+        height={height}
+        width={node.width * widthScale}
+        y={y}
+      />
+    )
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <RoundBlock
+      height={height}
+      radius={Math.max(node.radius * widthScale, node.width * widthScale * 0.5)}
+      segments={getSegments(node)}
+      y={y}
+    />
+  )
+}
+
+export const ColumnRenderer = ({ node }: { node: ColumnNode }) => {
+  const ref = useRef<Group>(null!)
+  const handlers = useNodeEvents(node, 'column')
+  const liveTransform = useLiveTransforms((state) => state.get(node.id))
+  const material = useMemo(
+    () => createColumnMaterial({ material: node.material, materialPreset: node.materialPreset }),
+    [
+      node.material,
+      node.material?.preset,
+      node.material?.properties,
+      node.material?.texture,
+      node.materialPreset,
+    ],
+  )
+
+  useRegistry(node.id, node.type, ref)
+
+  const shaftLayout = useMemo(() => {
+    const baseHeight = node.baseStyle === 'none' ? 0 : Math.min(node.baseHeight, node.height * 0.4)
+    const capitalHeight =
+      node.capitalStyle === 'none' ? 0 : Math.min(node.capitalHeight, node.height * 0.4)
+    const shaftHeight = Math.max(0.1, node.height - baseHeight - capitalHeight)
+    return { baseHeight, capitalHeight, shaftY: baseHeight, shaftHeight }
+  }, [node.baseHeight, node.baseStyle, node.capitalHeight, node.capitalStyle, node.height])
+
+  return (
+    <ColumnMaterialContext.Provider value={material}>
+      <ColumnEdgeSoftnessContext.Provider value={node.edgeSoftness ?? 0.025}>
+        <group
+          position={liveTransform?.position ?? node.position}
+          ref={ref}
+          rotation={[0, liveTransform?.rotation ?? node.rotation, 0]}
+          visible={node.visible}
+          {...handlers}
+        >
+          <Base height={shaftLayout.baseHeight} node={node} />
+          <BaseCarvings height={shaftLayout.baseHeight} node={node} />
+          <Shaft height={shaftLayout.shaftHeight} node={node} y={shaftLayout.shaftY} />
+          <Rings node={node} shaftHeight={shaftLayout.shaftHeight} shaftY={shaftLayout.shaftY} />
+          <LatheBands
+            node={node}
+            shaftHeight={shaftLayout.shaftHeight}
+            shaftY={shaftLayout.shaftY}
+          />
+          <Flutes node={node} shaftHeight={shaftLayout.shaftHeight} shaftY={shaftLayout.shaftY} />
+          <LowerCarvedBand
+            node={node}
+            shaftHeight={shaftLayout.shaftHeight}
+            shaftY={shaftLayout.shaftY}
+          />
+          <DravidianShaftPanels
+            node={node}
+            shaftHeight={shaftLayout.shaftHeight}
+            shaftY={shaftLayout.shaftY}
+          />
+          <SpiralRibs
+            node={node}
+            shaftHeight={shaftLayout.shaftHeight}
+            shaftY={shaftLayout.shaftY}
+          />
+          <Capital
+            height={shaftLayout.capitalHeight}
+            node={node}
+            y={shaftLayout.baseHeight + shaftLayout.shaftHeight}
+          />
+          <CapitalCarvings
+            capitalHeight={shaftLayout.capitalHeight}
+            capitalY={shaftLayout.baseHeight + shaftLayout.shaftHeight}
+            node={node}
+          />
+        </group>
+      </ColumnEdgeSoftnessContext.Provider>
+    </ColumnMaterialContext.Provider>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/packages/viewer/src/components/renderers/node-renderer.tsx b/packages/viewer/src/components/renderers/node-renderer.tsx
index 80eb5b6ac..c4b6db979 100644
--- a/packages/viewer/src/components/renderers/node-renderer.tsx
+++ b/packages/viewer/src/components/renderers/node-renderer.tsx
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 import { type AnyNode, useScene } from '@pascal-app/core'
 import { BuildingRenderer } from './building/building-renderer'
 import { CeilingRenderer } from './ceiling/ceiling-renderer'
+import { ColumnRenderer } from './column/column-renderer'
 import { DoorRenderer } from './door/door-renderer'
 import { FenceRenderer } from './fence/fence-renderer'
 import { GuideRenderer } from './guide/guide-renderer'
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ export const NodeRenderer = ({ nodeId }: { nodeId: AnyNode['id'] }) => {
       {node.type === 'site' && <SiteRenderer node={node} />}
       {node.type === 'building' && <BuildingRenderer node={node} />}
       {node.type === 'ceiling' && <CeilingRenderer node={node} />}
+      {node.type === 'column' && <ColumnRenderer node={node} />}
       {node.type === 'level' && <LevelRenderer node={node} />}
       {node.type === 'item' && <ItemRenderer node={node} />}
       {node.type === 'slab' && <SlabRenderer node={node} />}
diff --git a/packages/viewer/src/components/viewer/selection-manager.tsx b/packages/viewer/src/components/viewer/selection-manager.tsx
index f51c4dd54..9f7adadfd 100644
--- a/packages/viewer/src/components/viewer/selection-manager.tsx
+++ b/packages/viewer/src/components/viewer/selection-manager.tsx
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import {
   type AnyNode,
   type AnyNodeId,
   type BuildingNode,
+  type ColumnNode,
   emitter,
   type ItemNode,
   type LevelNode,
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ type SelectableNodeType =
   | 'fence'
   | 'window'
   | 'door'
+  | 'column'
   | 'item'
   | 'slab'
   | 'ceiling'
@@ -132,6 +134,11 @@ const isNodeInZone = (node: AnyNode, levelId: string, zoneId: string): boolean =
     return pointInPolygonWithTolerance(item.position[0], item.position[2], zone.polygon)
   }
 
+  if (node.type === 'column') {
+    const column = node as ColumnNode
+    return pointInPolygonWithTolerance(column.position[0], column.position[2], zone.polygon)
+  }
+
   if (node.type === 'wall') {
     const wall = node as WallNode
     const startIn = pointInPolygonWithTolerance(wall.start[0], wall.start[1], zone.polygon)
@@ -227,9 +234,20 @@ const getStrategy = (): SelectionStrategy | null => {
     }
   }
 
-  // Zone selected -> can select/hover contents (walls, items, slabs, ceilings, roofs, windows, doors)
+  // Zone selected -> can select/hover contents (walls, items, columns, slabs, ceilings, roofs, windows, doors)
   return {
-    types: ['wall', 'fence', 'item', 'slab', 'ceiling', 'roof', 'roof-segment', 'window', 'door'],
+    types: [
+      'wall',
+      'fence',
+      'item',
+      'column',
+      'slab',
+      'ceiling',
+      'roof',
+      'roof-segment',
+      'window',
+      'door',
+    ],
     handleClick: (node, nativeEvent) => {
       let nodeToSelect = node
       if (node.type === 'roof-segment' && node.parentId) {
@@ -258,6 +276,7 @@ const getStrategy = (): SelectionStrategy | null => {
         'wall',
         'fence',
         'item',
+        'column',
         'slab',
         'ceiling',
         'roof',
@@ -318,6 +337,7 @@ export const SelectionManager = () => {
       'wall',
       'fence',
       'item',
+      'column',
       'slab',
       'ceiling',
       'roof',
diff --git a/packages/viewer/src/hooks/use-node-events.ts b/packages/viewer/src/hooks/use-node-events.ts
index d0b39b537..18487347e 100644
--- a/packages/viewer/src/hooks/use-node-events.ts
+++ b/packages/viewer/src/hooks/use-node-events.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import {
   type BuildingNode,
   type CeilingEvent,
   type CeilingNode,
+  type ColumnEvent,
+  type ColumnNode,
   type DoorEvent,
   type DoorNode,
   type EventSuffix,
@@ -48,6 +50,7 @@ type NodeConfig = {
   slab: { node: SlabNode; event: SlabEvent }
   spawn: { node: SpawnNode; event: SpawnEvent }
   ceiling: { node: CeilingNode; event: CeilingEvent }
+  column: { node: ColumnNode; event: ColumnEvent }
   roof: { node: RoofNode; event: RoofEvent }
   'roof-segment': { node: RoofSegmentNode; event: RoofSegmentEvent }
   stair: { node: StairNode; event: StairEvent }
diff --git a/packages/viewer/src/systems/column/column-geometry.ts b/packages/viewer/src/systems/column/column-geometry.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3319cfd65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/viewer/src/systems/column/column-geometry.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+import {
+  BoxGeometry,
+  type BufferGeometry,
+  CylinderGeometry,
+  Float32BufferAttribute,
+  SphereGeometry,
+  TorusGeometry,
+} from 'three'
+import { RoundedBoxGeometry } from 'three/examples/jsm/geometries/RoundedBoxGeometry.js'
+
+const COLUMN_UV_SCALE = 1
+
+function setUvAttributes(geometry: BufferGeometry, uvs: number[]) {
+  geometry.setAttribute('uv', new Float32BufferAttribute(uvs, 2))
+  geometry.setAttribute('uv2', new Float32BufferAttribute(uvs.slice(), 2))
+  return geometry
+}
+
+function toUvReadyGeometry(geometry: BufferGeometry) {
+  return geometry.index ? geometry.toNonIndexed() : geometry
+}
+
+function applyPlanarColumnUvs(geometry: BufferGeometry) {
+  const mappedGeometry = toUvReadyGeometry(geometry)
+  const positions = mappedGeometry.getAttribute('position')
+  const normals = mappedGeometry.getAttribute('normal')
+  const uvs: number[] = []
+
+  for (let index = 0; index < positions.count; index += 1) {
+    const x = positions.getX(index)
+    const y = positions.getY(index)
+    const z = positions.getZ(index)
+    const normalX = normals ? Math.abs(normals.getX(index)) : 0
+    const normalY = normals ? Math.abs(normals.getY(index)) : 1
+    const normalZ = normals ? Math.abs(normals.getZ(index)) : 0
+
+    if (normalY >= normalX && normalY >= normalZ) {
+      uvs.push(x * COLUMN_UV_SCALE, z * COLUMN_UV_SCALE)
+    } else if (normalX >= normalZ) {
+      uvs.push(z * COLUMN_UV_SCALE, y * COLUMN_UV_SCALE)
+    } else {
+      uvs.push(x * COLUMN_UV_SCALE, y * COLUMN_UV_SCALE)
+    }
+  }
+
+  return setUvAttributes(mappedGeometry, uvs)
+}
+
+function ellipseCircumference(radiusX: number, radiusZ: number) {
+  const a = Math.max(0.001, Math.abs(radiusX))
+  const b = Math.max(0.001, Math.abs(radiusZ))
+  return Math.PI * (3 * (a + b) - Math.sqrt((3 * a + b) * (a + 3 * b)))
+}
+
+function applyCylindricalColumnUvs(
+  geometry: BufferGeometry,
+  sideCircumference: number,
+  height: number,
+) {
+  const mappedGeometry = toUvReadyGeometry(geometry)
+  const positions = mappedGeometry.getAttribute('position')
+  const normals = mappedGeometry.getAttribute('normal')
+  const defaultUvs = mappedGeometry.getAttribute('uv')
+  const halfHeight = height / 2
+  const uvs: number[] = []
+
+  for (let index = 0; index < positions.count; index += 1) {
+    const x = positions.getX(index)
+    const y = positions.getY(index)
+    const z = positions.getZ(index)
+    const normalY = normals ? Math.abs(normals.getY(index)) : 0
+
+    if (normalY > 0.65) {
+      uvs.push(x * COLUMN_UV_SCALE, z * COLUMN_UV_SCALE)
+    } else {
+      const defaultU = defaultUvs ? defaultUvs.getX(index) : 0
+      uvs.push(defaultU * sideCircumference * COLUMN_UV_SCALE, (y + halfHeight) * COLUMN_UV_SCALE)
+    }
+  }
+
+  return setUvAttributes(mappedGeometry, uvs)
+}
+
+function applySphericalColumnUvs(geometry: BufferGeometry, radius: number) {
+  const mappedGeometry = toUvReadyGeometry(geometry)
+  const defaultUvs = mappedGeometry.getAttribute('uv')
+  if (!defaultUvs) return mappedGeometry
+
+  const uvs: number[] = []
+  const circumference = Math.PI * 2 * radius
+  const arcHeight = Math.PI * radius
+
+  for (let index = 0; index < defaultUvs.count; index += 1) {
+    uvs.push(
+      defaultUvs.getX(index) * circumference * COLUMN_UV_SCALE,
+      defaultUvs.getY(index) * arcHeight * COLUMN_UV_SCALE,
+    )
+  }
+
+  return setUvAttributes(mappedGeometry, uvs)
+}
+
+function applyTorusColumnUvs(geometry: BufferGeometry, ringRadius: number, tubeRadius: number) {
+  const mappedGeometry = toUvReadyGeometry(geometry)
+  const defaultUvs = mappedGeometry.getAttribute('uv')
+  if (!defaultUvs) return mappedGeometry
+
+  const uvs: number[] = []
+  const ringLength = Math.PI * 2 * Math.max(0.001, ringRadius)
+  const tubeLength = Math.PI * 2 * Math.max(0.001, tubeRadius)
+
+  for (let index = 0; index < defaultUvs.count; index += 1) {
+    uvs.push(
+      defaultUvs.getX(index) * ringLength * COLUMN_UV_SCALE,
+      defaultUvs.getY(index) * tubeLength * COLUMN_UV_SCALE,
+    )
+  }
+
+  return setUvAttributes(mappedGeometry, uvs)
+}
+
+export function createColumnBoxGeometry(
+  width: number,
+  height: number,
+  depth: number,
+  bevelRadius = 0,
+) {
+  const geometry =
+    bevelRadius > 0.001
+      ? new RoundedBoxGeometry(width, height, depth, 3, bevelRadius)
+      : new BoxGeometry(width, height, depth)
+  return applyPlanarColumnUvs(geometry)
+}
+
+export function createColumnCylinderGeometry({
+  height,
+  radiusBottom,
+  radiusTop = radiusBottom,
+  radiusX = 1,
+  radiusZ = 1,
+  segments = 32,
+}: {
+  height: number
+  radiusBottom: number
+  radiusTop?: number
+  radiusX?: number
+  radiusZ?: number
+  segments?: number
+}) {
+  const geometry = new CylinderGeometry(radiusTop, radiusBottom, height, segments)
+  geometry.scale(radiusX, 1, radiusZ)
+  const sideRadius = Math.max(radiusTop, radiusBottom)
+  return applyCylindricalColumnUvs(
+    geometry,
+    ellipseCircumference(sideRadius * radiusX, sideRadius * radiusZ),
+    height,
+  )
+}
+
+export function createColumnSphereGeometry(radius: number, widthSegments = 10, heightSegments = 8) {
+  return applySphericalColumnUvs(new SphereGeometry(radius, widthSegments, heightSegments), radius)
+}
+
+export function createColumnTorusGeometry({
+  arc = Math.PI * 2,
+  radialSegments = 10,
+  ringRadius,
+  scaleX = ringRadius,
+  scaleY = ringRadius,
+  scaleZ = 1,
+  tubeRadius,
+  tubularSegments = 24,
+}: {
+  arc?: number
+  radialSegments?: number
+  ringRadius: number
+  scaleX?: number
+  scaleY?: number
+  scaleZ?: number
+  tubeRadius: number
+  tubularSegments?: number
+}) {
+  const geometry = new TorusGeometry(1, 0.18, radialSegments, tubularSegments, arc)
+  geometry.scale(scaleX, scaleY, scaleZ)
+  return applyTorusColumnUvs(geometry, ringRadius, tubeRadius)
+}
diff --git a/packages/viewer/src/systems/door/door-system.tsx b/packages/viewer/src/systems/door/door-system.tsx
index a782ed954..6e87ca9ee 100644
--- a/packages/viewer/src/systems/door/door-system.tsx
+++ b/packages/viewer/src/systems/door/door-system.tsx
@@ -1,10 +1,5 @@
+import { type AnyNodeId, type DoorNode, sceneRegistry, useScene } from '@pascal-app/core'
 import { useFrame } from '@react-three/fiber'
-import {
-  type AnyNodeId,
-  type DoorNode,
-  sceneRegistry,
-  useScene,
-} from '@pascal-app/core'
 import * as THREE from 'three'
 import { baseMaterial, glassMaterial } from '../../lib/materials'
 
@@ -55,6 +50,300 @@ function addBox(
   parent.add(m)
 }
 
+function addShape(
+  parent: THREE.Object3D,
+  material: THREE.Material,
+  shape: THREE.Shape,
+  depth: number,
+) {
+  const geometry = new THREE.ExtrudeGeometry(shape, {
+    depth,
+    bevelEnabled: false,
+    curveSegments: 24,
+  })
+  geometry.translate(0, 0, -depth / 2)
+  const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material)
+  parent.add(mesh)
+}
+
+function getClampedArchHeight(width: number, height: number, archHeight: number | undefined) {
+  return Math.min(Math.max(archHeight ?? width / 2, 0.01), Math.max(height, 0.01))
+}
+
+function createArchShape(
+  left: number,
+  right: number,
+  bottom: number,
+  top: number,
+  archHeight: number,
+) {
+  const centerX = (left + right) / 2
+  const halfWidth = (right - left) / 2
+  const clampedArchHeight = getClampedArchHeight(right - left, top - bottom, archHeight)
+  const springY = top - clampedArchHeight
+  const shape = new THREE.Shape()
+  const segments = 32
+
+  shape.moveTo(left, bottom)
+  shape.lineTo(right, bottom)
+  shape.lineTo(right, springY)
+  for (let index = 1; index <= segments; index += 1) {
+    const x = right + (left - right) * (index / segments)
+    shape.lineTo(x, getArchBoundaryY(x - centerX, halfWidth, springY, clampedArchHeight))
+  }
+  shape.lineTo(left, bottom)
+  shape.closePath()
+  return shape
+}
+
+function getArchBoundaryY(x: number, halfWidth: number, springY: number, archHeight: number) {
+  if (halfWidth <= 1e-6) return springY
+  const t = Math.min(Math.abs(x) / halfWidth, 1)
+  return springY + archHeight * Math.sqrt(Math.max(1 - t * t, 0))
+}
+
+function createArchBandShape(
+  width: number,
+  outerSpringY: number,
+  outerTopY: number,
+  innerSpringY: number,
+  innerTopY: number,
+  insetX: number,
+) {
+  const halfWidth = width / 2
+  const innerHalfWidth = Math.max(halfWidth - insetX, 0)
+  const outerArchHeight = Math.max(outerTopY - outerSpringY, 0)
+  const safeInnerTopY = Math.min(innerTopY, outerTopY - 0.001)
+  const safeInnerSpringY = Math.min(innerSpringY, safeInnerTopY - 0.001)
+  const innerArchHeight = Math.max(safeInnerTopY - safeInnerSpringY, 0)
+  const shape = new THREE.Shape()
+  const segments = 32
+  const getSafeInnerBoundaryY = (x: number) =>
+    Math.min(
+      getArchBoundaryY(x, innerHalfWidth, safeInnerSpringY, innerArchHeight),
+      getArchBoundaryY(x, halfWidth, outerSpringY, outerArchHeight) - 0.001,
+    )
+
+  shape.moveTo(-halfWidth, outerSpringY)
+  for (let index = 1; index <= segments; index += 1) {
+    const x = -halfWidth + width * (index / segments)
+    shape.lineTo(x, getArchBoundaryY(x, halfWidth, outerSpringY, outerArchHeight))
+  }
+
+  if (innerHalfWidth <= 0.001 || safeInnerTopY <= safeInnerSpringY + 0.001) {
+    shape.lineTo(halfWidth, outerSpringY)
+    shape.closePath()
+    return shape
+  }
+
+  shape.lineTo(innerHalfWidth, outerSpringY)
+  shape.lineTo(innerHalfWidth, getSafeInnerBoundaryY(innerHalfWidth))
+  for (let index = segments - 1; index >= 0; index -= 1) {
+    const x = -innerHalfWidth + innerHalfWidth * 2 * (index / segments)
+    shape.lineTo(x, getSafeInnerBoundaryY(x))
+  }
+  shape.lineTo(-innerHalfWidth, outerSpringY)
+  shape.lineTo(-halfWidth, outerSpringY)
+  shape.closePath()
+
+  return shape
+}
+
+function createArchHeadBarShape(width: number, bottomY: number, springY: number, topY: number) {
+  const halfWidth = width / 2
+  const archHeight = Math.max(topY - springY, 0)
+  const shape = new THREE.Shape()
+  const segments = 32
+
+  shape.moveTo(-halfWidth, bottomY)
+  shape.lineTo(halfWidth, bottomY)
+  shape.lineTo(halfWidth, springY)
+  for (let index = 1; index <= segments; index += 1) {
+    const x = halfWidth - width * (index / segments)
+    shape.lineTo(x, getArchBoundaryY(x, halfWidth, springY, archHeight))
+  }
+  shape.lineTo(-halfWidth, bottomY)
+  shape.closePath()
+
+  return shape
+}
+
+type TopCornerRadii = {
+  topLeft: number
+  topRight: number
+}
+
+function normalizeTopCornerRadii(
+  radii: TopCornerRadii,
+  width: number,
+  height: number,
+): TopCornerRadii {
+  const next = { ...radii }
+  const scale = Math.min(
+    1,
+    width / Math.max(next.topLeft + next.topRight, 1e-6),
+    height / Math.max(next.topLeft, 1e-6),
+    height / Math.max(next.topRight, 1e-6),
+  )
+
+  if (scale < 1) {
+    next.topLeft *= scale
+    next.topRight *= scale
+  }
+
+  return next
+}
+
+function getDoorTopRadii(node: DoorNode, width: number, height: number): TopCornerRadii {
+  if (node.openingRadiusMode === 'individual') {
+    const [topLeft = 0, topRight = 0] = node.openingTopRadii ?? [0.15, 0.15]
+    return normalizeTopCornerRadii(
+      {
+        topLeft: Math.max(topLeft, 0),
+        topRight: Math.max(topRight, 0),
+      },
+      width,
+      height,
+    )
+  }
+
+  const maxRadius = Math.min(width / 2, height)
+  const radius = Math.min(Math.max(node.cornerRadius ?? 0.15, 0), maxRadius)
+  return { topLeft: radius, topRight: radius }
+}
+
+function createRoundedTopShape(
+  left: number,
+  right: number,
+  bottom: number,
+  top: number,
+  radii: TopCornerRadii,
+) {
+  const shape = new THREE.Shape()
+  const { topLeft, topRight } = normalizeTopCornerRadii(radii, right - left, top - bottom)
+
+  shape.moveTo(left, bottom)
+  shape.lineTo(right, bottom)
+  shape.lineTo(right, top - topRight)
+  if (topRight > 1e-6) {
+    shape.absarc(right - topRight, top - topRight, topRight, 0, Math.PI / 2, false)
+  } else {
+    shape.lineTo(right, top)
+  }
+
+  shape.lineTo(left + topLeft, top)
+  if (topLeft > 1e-6) {
+    shape.absarc(left + topLeft, top - topLeft, topLeft, Math.PI / 2, Math.PI, false)
+  } else {
+    shape.lineTo(left, top)
+  }
+
+  shape.lineTo(left, bottom)
+  shape.closePath()
+  return shape
+}
+
+function createRoundedDoorFrameShape(
+  width: number,
+  height: number,
+  frameThickness: number,
+  radii: TopCornerRadii,
+) {
+  const halfWidth = width / 2
+  const bottom = -height / 2
+  const top = height / 2
+  const outerRadii = normalizeTopCornerRadii(radii, width, height)
+  const outer = createRoundedTopShape(-halfWidth, halfWidth, bottom, top, outerRadii)
+  const inset = Math.min(frameThickness, width / 2 - 0.005, height - 0.005)
+
+  if (inset <= 0.001) return outer
+
+  const innerLeft = -halfWidth + inset
+  const innerRight = halfWidth - inset
+  const innerTop = top - inset
+  const innerRadii = normalizeTopCornerRadii(
+    {
+      topLeft: Math.max(outerRadii.topLeft - inset, 0),
+      topRight: Math.max(outerRadii.topRight - inset, 0),
+    },
+    innerRight - innerLeft,
+    innerTop - bottom,
+  )
+  const holeShape = createRoundedTopShape(innerLeft, innerRight, bottom, innerTop, innerRadii)
+  const hole = new THREE.Path(holeShape.getPoints(32).reverse())
+  outer.holes.push(hole)
+
+  return outer
+}
+
+function shapeToReversedPath(shape: THREE.Shape) {
+  return new THREE.Path(shape.getPoints(40).reverse())
+}
+
+function createRoundedLeafFrameShape(
+  width: number,
+  bottom: number,
+  top: number,
+  radii: TopCornerRadii,
+  insetX: number,
+  insetY: number,
+) {
+  const halfWidth = width / 2
+  const outerRadii = normalizeTopCornerRadii(radii, width, top - bottom)
+  const outer = createRoundedTopShape(-halfWidth, halfWidth, bottom, top, outerRadii)
+  const innerLeft = -halfWidth + insetX
+  const innerRight = halfWidth - insetX
+  const innerBottom = bottom + insetY
+  const innerTop = top - insetY
+
+  if (innerRight <= innerLeft + 0.01 || innerTop <= innerBottom + 0.01) return outer
+
+  const innerRadii = normalizeTopCornerRadii(
+    {
+      topLeft: Math.max(outerRadii.topLeft - Math.max(insetX, insetY), 0),
+      topRight: Math.max(outerRadii.topRight - Math.max(insetX, insetY), 0),
+    },
+    innerRight - innerLeft,
+    innerTop - innerBottom,
+  )
+  outer.holes.push(
+    shapeToReversedPath(
+      createRoundedTopShape(innerLeft, innerRight, innerBottom, innerTop, innerRadii),
+    ),
+  )
+
+  return outer
+}
+
+function createTopClippedRectShape(
+  left: number,
+  right: number,
+  bottom: number,
+  top: number,
+  getBoundaryY: (x: number) => number,
+) {
+  const segments = 20
+  const points: { x: number; y: number }[] = []
+
+  for (let index = 0; index <= segments; index += 1) {
+    const t = index / segments
+    const x = right + (left - right) * t
+    const y = Math.min(top, getBoundaryY(x))
+    if (y > bottom + 0.001) points.push({ x, y })
+  }
+
+  if (points.length < 2) return null
+
+  const shape = new THREE.Shape()
+  shape.moveTo(left, bottom)
+  shape.lineTo(right, bottom)
+  for (const point of points) {
+    shape.lineTo(point.x, point.y)
+  }
+  shape.closePath()
+  return shape
+}
+
 function disposeObject(object: THREE.Object3D) {
   object.traverse((child) => {
     if (child instanceof THREE.Mesh) child.geometry.dispose()
@@ -82,6 +371,7 @@ function updateDoorMesh(node: DoorNode, mesh: THREE.Mesh) {
     width,
     height,
     openingKind,
+    openingShape,
     frameThickness,
     frameDepth,
     threshold,
@@ -129,41 +419,111 @@ function updateDoorMesh(node: DoorNode, mesh: THREE.Mesh) {
     y: number,
     z: number,
   ) => addBox(leafGroup, material, w, h, d, x - hingeX, y, z)
+  const addLeafShape = (shape: THREE.Shape, material: THREE.Material, depth: number, z = 0) => {
+    const geometry = new THREE.ExtrudeGeometry(shape, {
+      depth,
+      bevelEnabled: false,
+      curveSegments: 24,
+    })
+    geometry.translate(-hingeX, 0, -depth / 2 + z)
+    const leafMesh = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material)
+    leafGroup.add(leafMesh)
+  }
 
   // ── Frame members ──
-  // Left post — full height
-  addBox(
-    mesh,
-    baseMaterial,
-    frameThickness,
-    height,
-    frameDepth,
-    -width / 2 + frameThickness / 2,
-    0,
-    0,
-  )
-  // Right post — full height
-  addBox(
-    mesh,
-    baseMaterial,
-    frameThickness,
-    height,
-    frameDepth,
-    width / 2 - frameThickness / 2,
-    0,
-    0,
-  )
-  // Head (top bar) — full width
-  addBox(
-    mesh,
-    baseMaterial,
-    width,
-    frameThickness,
-    frameDepth,
-    0,
-    height / 2 - frameThickness / 2,
-    0,
-  )
+  if (openingShape === 'arch') {
+    const frameBottom = -height / 2
+    const frameTop = height / 2
+    const frameArchHeight = getClampedArchHeight(width, height, node.archHeight)
+    const frameSpringY = frameTop - frameArchHeight
+    const frameInnerTopY = frameTop - frameThickness
+    const frameInnerSpringY = Math.min(frameSpringY + frameThickness, frameInnerTopY)
+    const useShallowHeadBar = frameArchHeight <= frameThickness * 2
+    const frameHeadBottomY = useShallowHeadBar ? frameSpringY - frameThickness : frameSpringY
+    const postHeight = Math.max(frameHeadBottomY - frameBottom, 0.01)
+
+    addBox(
+      mesh,
+      baseMaterial,
+      frameThickness,
+      postHeight,
+      frameDepth,
+      -width / 2 + frameThickness / 2,
+      frameBottom + postHeight / 2,
+      0,
+    )
+    addBox(
+      mesh,
+      baseMaterial,
+      frameThickness,
+      postHeight,
+      frameDepth,
+      width / 2 - frameThickness / 2,
+      frameBottom + postHeight / 2,
+      0,
+    )
+    addShape(
+      mesh,
+      baseMaterial,
+      useShallowHeadBar
+        ? createArchHeadBarShape(width, frameHeadBottomY, frameSpringY, frameTop)
+        : createArchBandShape(
+            width,
+            frameSpringY,
+            frameTop,
+            frameInnerSpringY,
+            frameInnerTopY,
+            frameThickness,
+          ),
+      frameDepth,
+    )
+  } else if (openingShape === 'rounded') {
+    addShape(
+      mesh,
+      baseMaterial,
+      createRoundedDoorFrameShape(
+        width,
+        height,
+        frameThickness,
+        getDoorTopRadii(node, width, height),
+      ),
+      frameDepth,
+    )
+  } else {
+    // Left post — full height
+    addBox(
+      mesh,
+      baseMaterial,
+      frameThickness,
+      height,
+      frameDepth,
+      -width / 2 + frameThickness / 2,
+      0,
+      0,
+    )
+    // Right post — full height
+    addBox(
+      mesh,
+      baseMaterial,
+      frameThickness,
+      height,
+      frameDepth,
+      width / 2 - frameThickness / 2,
+      0,
+      0,
+    )
+    // Head (top bar) — full width
+    addBox(
+      mesh,
+      baseMaterial,
+      width,
+      frameThickness,
+      frameDepth,
+      0,
+      height / 2 - frameThickness / 2,
+      0,
+    )
+  }
 
   // ── Threshold (inside the frame) ──
   if (threshold) {
@@ -179,16 +539,139 @@ function updateDoorMesh(node: DoorNode, mesh: THREE.Mesh) {
     )
   }
 
-  // ── Leaf — contentPadding border strips (no full backing; glass areas are open) ──
+  const usesShapedLeaf = openingShape === 'arch' || openingShape === 'rounded'
+  const leafBottom = leafCenterY - leafH / 2
+  const leafTop = leafCenterY + leafH / 2
+  const leafArchHeight = getClampedArchHeight(
+    leafW,
+    leafH,
+    Math.max((node.archHeight ?? leafW / 2) - frameThickness, 0.01),
+  )
+  const leafArchSpringY = leafTop - leafArchHeight
+  const frameRadii = getDoorTopRadii(node, width, height)
+  const leafTopRadii = normalizeTopCornerRadii(
+    {
+      topLeft: Math.max(frameRadii.topLeft - frameThickness, 0),
+      topRight: Math.max(frameRadii.topRight - frameThickness, 0),
+    },
+    leafW,
+    leafH,
+  )
   const cpX = contentPadding[0]
   const cpY = contentPadding[1]
-  if (hasLeafContent && cpY > 0) {
+  const useShallowLeafHeadBar = openingShape === 'arch' && cpY > 0 && leafArchHeight <= cpY * 2
+  const shallowLeafHeadBottomY = leafArchSpringY - cpY
+  const getLeafBoundaryY = (x: number) => {
+    if (openingShape === 'arch') {
+      if (useShallowLeafHeadBar) return shallowLeafHeadBottomY
+
+      const innerTop = leafTop - cpY
+      const innerSpringY = Math.min(Math.max(leafArchSpringY + cpY, leafBottom + cpY), innerTop)
+      const innerArchHeight = Math.max(innerTop - innerSpringY, 0.001)
+      const halfContentW = Math.max((leafW - 2 * cpX) / 2, 0.001)
+      const outerBoundaryY = getArchBoundaryY(x, leafW / 2, leafArchSpringY, leafArchHeight)
+      return Math.min(
+        getArchBoundaryY(x, halfContentW, innerSpringY, innerArchHeight),
+        outerBoundaryY - 0.001,
+      )
+    }
+
+    if (openingShape === 'rounded') {
+      const left = -leafW / 2 + cpX
+      const right = leafW / 2 - cpX
+      const top = leafTop - cpY
+      const innerRadii = normalizeTopCornerRadii(
+        {
+          topLeft: Math.max(leafTopRadii.topLeft - Math.max(cpX, cpY), 0),
+          topRight: Math.max(leafTopRadii.topRight - Math.max(cpX, cpY), 0),
+        },
+        right - left,
+        top - (leafBottom + cpY),
+      )
+
+      if (innerRadii.topLeft > 1e-6 && x < left + innerRadii.topLeft) {
+        const centerX = left + innerRadii.topLeft
+        const centerY = top - innerRadii.topLeft
+        const dx = x - centerX
+        return centerY + Math.sqrt(Math.max(innerRadii.topLeft * innerRadii.topLeft - dx * dx, 0))
+      }
+
+      if (innerRadii.topRight > 1e-6 && x > right - innerRadii.topRight) {
+        const centerX = right - innerRadii.topRight
+        const centerY = top - innerRadii.topRight
+        const dx = x - centerX
+        return centerY + Math.sqrt(Math.max(innerRadii.topRight * innerRadii.topRight - dx * dx, 0))
+      }
+
+      return top
+    }
+
+    return leafTop
+  }
+  const createLeafCellShape = (left: number, right: number, bottom: number, top: number) =>
+    createTopClippedRectShape(left, right, bottom, top, getLeafBoundaryY)
+
+  // ── Leaf — contentPadding border strips (no full backing; glass areas are open) ──
+  if (hasLeafContent && openingShape === 'arch') {
+    const leafInnerTopY = leafTop - cpY
+    const leafInnerSpringY = Math.min(
+      Math.max(leafArchSpringY + cpY, leafBottom + cpY),
+      leafInnerTopY,
+    )
+    const sideBottom = leafBottom + cpY
+    const sideTop = useShallowLeafHeadBar ? shallowLeafHeadBottomY : leafArchSpringY
+    const sideHeight = Math.max(sideTop - sideBottom, 0)
+
+    if (cpY > 0) {
+      addLeafBox(baseMaterial, leafW, cpY, leafDepth, 0, leafBottom + cpY / 2, 0)
+    }
+    if (cpX > 0 && sideHeight > 0.01) {
+      addLeafBox(
+        baseMaterial,
+        cpX,
+        sideHeight,
+        leafDepth,
+        -leafW / 2 + cpX / 2,
+        sideBottom + sideHeight / 2,
+        0,
+      )
+      addLeafBox(
+        baseMaterial,
+        cpX,
+        sideHeight,
+        leafDepth,
+        leafW / 2 - cpX / 2,
+        sideBottom + sideHeight / 2,
+        0,
+      )
+    }
+    addLeafShape(
+      useShallowLeafHeadBar
+        ? createArchHeadBarShape(leafW, shallowLeafHeadBottomY, leafArchSpringY, leafTop)
+        : createArchBandShape(
+            leafW,
+            leafArchSpringY,
+            leafTop,
+            leafInnerSpringY,
+            leafInnerTopY,
+            cpX,
+          ),
+      baseMaterial,
+      leafDepth,
+    )
+  } else if (hasLeafContent && openingShape === 'rounded') {
+    addLeafShape(
+      createRoundedLeafFrameShape(leafW, leafBottom, leafTop, leafTopRadii, cpX, cpY),
+      baseMaterial,
+      leafDepth,
+    )
+  } else if (hasLeafContent && cpY > 0) {
     // Top strip
     addLeafBox(baseMaterial, leafW, cpY, leafDepth, 0, leafCenterY + leafH / 2 - cpY / 2, 0)
     // Bottom strip
     addLeafBox(baseMaterial, leafW, cpY, leafDepth, 0, leafCenterY - leafH / 2 + cpY / 2, 0)
   }
-  if (hasLeafContent && cpX > 0) {
+  if (hasLeafContent && !usesShapedLeaf && cpX > 0) {
     const innerH = leafH - 2 * cpY
     // Left strip
     addLeafBox(baseMaterial, cpX, innerH, leafDepth, -leafW / 2 + cpX / 2, leafCenterY, 0)
@@ -205,9 +688,12 @@ function updateDoorMesh(node: DoorNode, mesh: THREE.Mesh) {
   const contentTop = leafCenterY + contentH / 2
 
   let segY = contentTop
-  for (const seg of segments) {
+  for (let segIndex = 0; segIndex < segments.length; segIndex += 1) {
+    const seg = segments[segIndex]!
     const segH = (seg.heightRatio / totalRatio) * contentH
     const segCenterY = segY - segH / 2
+    const segTop = segY
+    const segBottom = segY - segH
 
     const numCols = seg.columnRatios.length
     const colSum = seg.columnRatios.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0)
@@ -228,15 +714,24 @@ function updateDoorMesh(node: DoorNode, mesh: THREE.Mesh) {
       cx = -contentW / 2
       for (let c = 0; c < numCols - 1; c++) {
         cx += colWidths[c]!
-        addLeafBox(
-          baseMaterial,
-          seg.dividerThickness,
-          segH,
-          leafDepth + 0.001,
-          cx + seg.dividerThickness / 2,
-          segCenterY,
-          0,
-        )
+        if (usesShapedLeaf) {
+          const dividerLeft = cx
+          const dividerRight = cx + seg.dividerThickness
+          const dividerShape = createLeafCellShape(dividerLeft, dividerRight, segBottom, segTop)
+          if (dividerShape) {
+            addLeafShape(dividerShape, baseMaterial, 0.012, leafDepth / 2 + 0.006)
+          }
+        } else {
+          addLeafBox(
+            baseMaterial,
+            seg.dividerThickness,
+            segH,
+            leafDepth + 0.001,
+            cx + seg.dividerThickness / 2,
+            segCenterY,
+            0,
+          )
+        }
         cx += seg.dividerThickness
       }
     }
@@ -245,27 +740,61 @@ function updateDoorMesh(node: DoorNode, mesh: THREE.Mesh) {
     for (let c = 0; c < numCols; c++) {
       const colW = colWidths[c]!
       const colX = colXCenters[c]!
+      const cellLeft = colX - colW / 2
+      const cellRight = colX + colW / 2
 
       if (seg.type === 'glass') {
-        // Glass only — no opaque backing so it's truly transparent
         const glassDepth = Math.max(0.004, leafDepth * 0.15)
-        addLeafBox(glassMaterial, colW, segH, glassDepth, colX, segCenterY, 0)
+        if (usesShapedLeaf) {
+          const shape = createLeafCellShape(cellLeft, cellRight, segBottom, segTop)
+          if (shape)
+            addLeafShape(shape, glassMaterial, glassDepth, leafDepth / 2 + glassDepth / 2 + 0.004)
+        } else {
+          // Glass only — no opaque backing so it's truly transparent
+          addLeafBox(glassMaterial, colW, segH, glassDepth, colX, segCenterY, 0)
+        }
       } else if (seg.type === 'panel') {
-        // Opaque leaf backing for this column
-        addLeafBox(baseMaterial, colW, segH, leafDepth, colX, segCenterY, 0)
+        if (usesShapedLeaf) {
+          const shape = createLeafCellShape(cellLeft, cellRight, segBottom, segTop)
+          if (shape) addLeafShape(shape, baseMaterial, leafDepth)
+        } else {
+          // Opaque leaf backing for this column
+          addLeafBox(baseMaterial, colW, segH, leafDepth, colX, segCenterY, 0)
+        }
         // Raised panel detail
         const panelW = colW - 2 * seg.panelInset
         const panelH = segH - 2 * seg.panelInset
         if (panelW > 0.01 && panelH > 0.01) {
           const effectiveDepth = Math.abs(seg.panelDepth) < 0.002 ? 0.005 : Math.abs(seg.panelDepth)
           const panelZ = leafDepth / 2 + effectiveDepth / 2
-          addLeafBox(baseMaterial, panelW, panelH, effectiveDepth, colX, segCenterY, panelZ)
+          if (usesShapedLeaf) {
+            const shape = createLeafCellShape(
+              colX - panelW / 2,
+              colX + panelW / 2,
+              segCenterY - panelH / 2,
+              segCenterY + panelH / 2,
+            )
+            if (shape) addLeafShape(shape, baseMaterial, effectiveDepth, panelZ)
+          } else {
+            addLeafBox(baseMaterial, panelW, panelH, effectiveDepth, colX, segCenterY, panelZ)
+          }
         }
       } else {
         // 'empty' leaves the opening unfilled
       }
     }
 
+    if (usesShapedLeaf && segIndex < segments.length - 1) {
+      const railThickness = Math.min(Math.max(cpY, 0.02), Math.max(segH * 0.35, 0.02))
+      const railShape = createLeafCellShape(
+        -contentW / 2,
+        contentW / 2,
+        segBottom - railThickness / 2,
+        segBottom + railThickness / 2,
+      )
+      if (railShape) addLeafShape(railShape, baseMaterial, 0.012, leafDepth / 2 + 0.006)
+    }
+
     segY -= segH
   }
 
@@ -308,8 +837,6 @@ function updateDoorMesh(node: DoorNode, mesh: THREE.Mesh) {
     const hingeW = 0.024
     const hingeD = leafDepth + 0.016
     // Bottom hinge ~0.25m from floor, middle hinge, top hinge ~0.25m from top
-    const leafBottom = leafCenterY - leafH / 2
-    const leafTop = leafCenterY + leafH / 2
     addBox(mesh, baseMaterial, hingeW, hingeH, hingeD, hingeX, leafBottom + 0.25, hingeZ)
     addBox(mesh, baseMaterial, hingeW, hingeH, hingeD, hingeX, (leafBottom + leafTop) / 2, hingeZ)
     addBox(mesh, baseMaterial, hingeW, hingeH, hingeD, hingeX, leafTop - 0.25, hingeZ)
@@ -327,6 +854,40 @@ function syncDoorCutout(node: DoorNode, mesh: THREE.Mesh) {
     mesh.add(cutout)
   }
   cutout.geometry.dispose()
-  cutout.geometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(node.width, node.height, 1.0)
+  if (node.openingShape === 'arch') {
+    cutout.geometry = new THREE.ExtrudeGeometry(
+      createArchShape(
+        -node.width / 2,
+        node.width / 2,
+        -node.height / 2,
+        node.height / 2,
+        getClampedArchHeight(node.width, node.height, node.archHeight),
+      ),
+      {
+        depth: 1,
+        bevelEnabled: false,
+        curveSegments: 24,
+      },
+    )
+    cutout.geometry.translate(0, 0, -0.5)
+  } else if (node.openingShape === 'rounded') {
+    cutout.geometry = new THREE.ExtrudeGeometry(
+      createRoundedTopShape(
+        -node.width / 2,
+        node.width / 2,
+        -node.height / 2,
+        node.height / 2,
+        getDoorTopRadii(node, node.width, node.height),
+      ),
+      {
+        depth: 1,
+        bevelEnabled: false,
+        curveSegments: 24,
+      },
+    )
+    cutout.geometry.translate(0, 0, -0.5)
+  } else {
+    cutout.geometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(node.width, node.height, 1.0)
+  }
   cutout.visible = false
 }
diff --git a/packages/viewer/src/systems/wall/wall-system.tsx b/packages/viewer/src/systems/wall/wall-system.tsx
index 98c98467e..31490322d 100644
--- a/packages/viewer/src/systems/wall/wall-system.tsx
+++ b/packages/viewer/src/systems/wall/wall-system.tsx
@@ -1,14 +1,10 @@
-import { useFrame } from '@react-three/fiber'
-import * as THREE from 'three'
-import { Brush, Evaluator, SUBTRACTION } from 'three-bvh-csg'
-import { computeBoundsTree } from 'three-mesh-bvh'
 import {
-  calculateLevelMiters,
   type AnyNode,
   type AnyNodeId,
+  calculateLevelMiters,
+  DEFAULT_WALL_HEIGHT,
   type DoorNode,
   getAdjacentWallIds,
-  DEFAULT_WALL_HEIGHT,
   getWallCurveFrameAt,
   getWallMiterBoundaryPoints,
   getWallPlanFootprint,
@@ -21,10 +17,14 @@ import {
   sceneRegistry,
   spatialGridManager,
   useScene,
-  type WallNode,
   type WallMiterData,
+  type WallNode,
   type WindowNode,
 } from '@pascal-app/core'
+import { useFrame } from '@react-three/fiber'
+import * as THREE from 'three'
+import { Brush, Evaluator, SUBTRACTION } from 'three-bvh-csg'
+import { computeBoundsTree } from 'three-mesh-bvh'
 
 // Reusable CSG evaluator for better performance
 const csgEvaluator = new Evaluator()
@@ -560,7 +560,13 @@ function collectCutoutBrushes(
 
     if (
       (child.type === 'door' && child.openingKind === 'opening') ||
-      (child.type === 'window' && child.openingKind === 'opening')
+      (child.type === 'door' &&
+        child.openingKind === 'door' &&
+        (child.openingShape === 'arch' || child.openingShape === 'rounded')) ||
+      (child.type === 'window' && child.openingKind === 'opening') ||
+      (child.type === 'window' &&
+        child.openingKind === 'window' &&
+        (child.openingShape === 'arch' || child.openingShape === 'rounded'))
     ) {
       brushes.push(createShapedOpeningCutoutBrush(child, wallThickness))
       continue
@@ -668,11 +674,17 @@ function createShapedOpeningCutoutShape(opening: ShapedOpeningNode): THREE.Shape
   if (opening.openingShape === 'arch') {
     const archHeight = Math.min(Math.max(opening.archHeight ?? width / 2, 0.01), height)
     const springY = top - archHeight
+    const segments = 32
 
     shape.moveTo(left, bottom)
     shape.lineTo(right, bottom)
     shape.lineTo(right, springY)
-    shape.quadraticCurveTo(centerX, top, left, springY)
+    for (let index = 1; index <= segments; index += 1) {
+      const x = right + (left - right) * (index / segments)
+      const normalizedX = Math.min(Math.abs((x - centerX) / halfWidth), 1)
+      const y = springY + archHeight * Math.sqrt(Math.max(1 - normalizedX * normalizedX, 0))
+      shape.lineTo(x, y)
+    }
     shape.lineTo(left, bottom)
     shape.closePath()
     return shape
diff --git a/packages/viewer/src/systems/window/window-system.tsx b/packages/viewer/src/systems/window/window-system.tsx
index 01a77f430..81382b1e7 100644
--- a/packages/viewer/src/systems/window/window-system.tsx
+++ b/packages/viewer/src/systems/window/window-system.tsx
@@ -1,10 +1,5 @@
+import { type AnyNodeId, sceneRegistry, useScene, type WindowNode } from '@pascal-app/core'
 import { useFrame } from '@react-three/fiber'
-import {
-  type AnyNodeId,
-  sceneRegistry,
-  useScene,
-  type WindowNode,
-} from '@pascal-app/core'
 import * as THREE from 'three'
 import { baseMaterial, glassMaterial } from '../../lib/materials'
 
@@ -55,6 +50,521 @@ function addBox(
   parent.add(m)
 }
 
+function addShape(
+  parent: THREE.Object3D,
+  material: THREE.Material,
+  shape: THREE.Shape,
+  depth: number,
+  z = 0,
+) {
+  const geometry = new THREE.ExtrudeGeometry(shape, {
+    depth,
+    bevelEnabled: false,
+    curveSegments: 24,
+  })
+  geometry.translate(0, 0, -depth / 2 + z)
+  const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material)
+  parent.add(mesh)
+}
+
+function createRectShape(left: number, right: number, bottom: number, top: number) {
+  const shape = new THREE.Shape()
+  shape.moveTo(left, bottom)
+  shape.lineTo(right, bottom)
+  shape.lineTo(right, top)
+  shape.lineTo(left, top)
+  shape.closePath()
+  return shape
+}
+
+type CornerRadii = {
+  topLeft: number
+  topRight: number
+  bottomRight: number
+  bottomLeft: number
+}
+
+function normalizeCornerRadii(radii: CornerRadii, width: number, height: number): CornerRadii {
+  const next = { ...radii }
+  const scale = Math.min(
+    1,
+    width / Math.max(next.topLeft + next.topRight, 1e-6),
+    width / Math.max(next.bottomLeft + next.bottomRight, 1e-6),
+    height / Math.max(next.topLeft + next.bottomLeft, 1e-6),
+    height / Math.max(next.topRight + next.bottomRight, 1e-6),
+  )
+
+  if (scale < 1) {
+    next.topLeft *= scale
+    next.topRight *= scale
+    next.bottomRight *= scale
+    next.bottomLeft *= scale
+  }
+
+  return next
+}
+
+function getWindowRoundedRadii(node: WindowNode, width: number, height: number): CornerRadii {
+  if (node.openingRadiusMode === 'individual') {
+    const [topLeft = 0, topRight = 0, bottomRight = 0, bottomLeft = 0] =
+      node.openingCornerRadii ?? [0.15, 0.15, 0.15, 0.15]
+    return normalizeCornerRadii(
+      {
+        topLeft: Math.max(topLeft, 0),
+        topRight: Math.max(topRight, 0),
+        bottomRight: Math.max(bottomRight, 0),
+        bottomLeft: Math.max(bottomLeft, 0),
+      },
+      width,
+      height,
+    )
+  }
+
+  const maxRadius = Math.min(width / 2, height / 2)
+  const radius = Math.min(Math.max(node.cornerRadius ?? 0.15, 0), maxRadius)
+  return { topLeft: radius, topRight: radius, bottomRight: radius, bottomLeft: radius }
+}
+
+function insetCornerRadii(radii: CornerRadii, inset: number, width: number, height: number) {
+  return normalizeCornerRadii(
+    {
+      topLeft: Math.max(radii.topLeft - inset, 0),
+      topRight: Math.max(radii.topRight - inset, 0),
+      bottomRight: Math.max(radii.bottomRight - inset, 0),
+      bottomLeft: Math.max(radii.bottomLeft - inset, 0),
+    },
+    width,
+    height,
+  )
+}
+
+function createRoundedShape(
+  left: number,
+  right: number,
+  bottom: number,
+  top: number,
+  radii: CornerRadii,
+) {
+  const shape = new THREE.Shape()
+  const { topLeft, topRight, bottomRight, bottomLeft } = radii
+
+  shape.moveTo(left + bottomLeft, bottom)
+  shape.lineTo(right - bottomRight, bottom)
+  if (bottomRight > 1e-6) {
+    shape.absarc(right - bottomRight, bottom + bottomRight, bottomRight, -Math.PI / 2, 0, false)
+  } else {
+    shape.lineTo(right, bottom)
+  }
+
+  shape.lineTo(right, top - topRight)
+  if (topRight > 1e-6) {
+    shape.absarc(right - topRight, top - topRight, topRight, 0, Math.PI / 2, false)
+  } else {
+    shape.lineTo(right, top)
+  }
+
+  shape.lineTo(left + topLeft, top)
+  if (topLeft > 1e-6) {
+    shape.absarc(left + topLeft, top - topLeft, topLeft, Math.PI / 2, Math.PI, false)
+  } else {
+    shape.lineTo(left, top)
+  }
+
+  shape.lineTo(left, bottom + bottomLeft)
+  if (bottomLeft > 1e-6) {
+    shape.absarc(left + bottomLeft, bottom + bottomLeft, bottomLeft, Math.PI, Math.PI * 1.5, false)
+  } else {
+    shape.lineTo(left, bottom)
+  }
+
+  shape.closePath()
+  return shape
+}
+
+function createRoundedFrameShape(
+  width: number,
+  height: number,
+  frameThickness: number,
+  outerRadii: CornerRadii,
+) {
+  const halfWidth = width / 2
+  const bottom = -height / 2
+  const top = height / 2
+  const outer = createRoundedShape(-halfWidth, halfWidth, bottom, top, outerRadii)
+  const inset = Math.min(frameThickness, width / 2 - 0.005, height / 2 - 0.005)
+
+  if (inset <= 0.001) return outer
+
+  const innerLeft = -halfWidth + inset
+  const innerRight = halfWidth - inset
+  const innerBottom = bottom + inset
+  const innerTop = top - inset
+  const innerRadii = insetCornerRadii(
+    outerRadii,
+    inset,
+    innerRight - innerLeft,
+    innerTop - innerBottom,
+  )
+  const holeShape = createRoundedShape(innerLeft, innerRight, innerBottom, innerTop, innerRadii)
+  const hole = new THREE.Path(holeShape.getPoints(32).reverse())
+  outer.holes.push(hole)
+
+  return outer
+}
+
+function getClampedArchHeight(width: number, height: number, archHeight: number | undefined) {
+  return Math.min(Math.max(archHeight ?? width / 2, 0.01), Math.max(height, 0.01))
+}
+
+function createArchShape(
+  left: number,
+  right: number,
+  bottom: number,
+  top: number,
+  archHeight: number,
+) {
+  const centerX = (left + right) / 2
+  const halfWidth = (right - left) / 2
+  const clampedArchHeight = getClampedArchHeight(right - left, top - bottom, archHeight)
+  const springY = top - clampedArchHeight
+  const shape = new THREE.Shape()
+  const segments = 32
+
+  shape.moveTo(left, bottom)
+  shape.lineTo(right, bottom)
+  shape.lineTo(right, springY)
+  for (let index = 1; index <= segments; index += 1) {
+    const x = right + (left - right) * (index / segments)
+    shape.lineTo(x, getArchBoundaryY(x - centerX, halfWidth, springY, clampedArchHeight))
+  }
+  shape.lineTo(left, bottom)
+  shape.closePath()
+  return shape
+}
+
+function createArchedFrameShape(
+  width: number,
+  height: number,
+  archHeight: number,
+  frameThickness: number,
+) {
+  const halfWidth = width / 2
+  const bottom = -height / 2
+  const top = height / 2
+  const outer = createArchShape(-halfWidth, halfWidth, bottom, top, archHeight)
+  const inset = Math.min(frameThickness, width / 2 - 0.005, height / 2 - 0.005)
+
+  if (inset <= 0.001) return outer
+
+  const innerLeft = -halfWidth + inset
+  const innerRight = halfWidth - inset
+  const innerBottom = bottom + inset
+  const innerTop = top - inset
+  const innerArchHeight = getClampedArchHeight(
+    innerRight - innerLeft,
+    innerTop - innerBottom,
+    archHeight - inset,
+  )
+  const hole = new THREE.Path(
+    createArchShape(innerLeft, innerRight, innerBottom, innerTop, innerArchHeight)
+      .getPoints(32)
+      .reverse(),
+  )
+  outer.holes.push(hole)
+
+  return outer
+}
+
+function getArchBoundaryY(x: number, halfWidth: number, springY: number, archHeight: number) {
+  if (halfWidth <= 1e-6) return springY
+  const t = Math.min(Math.abs(x) / halfWidth, 1)
+  return springY + archHeight * Math.sqrt(Math.max(1 - t * t, 0))
+}
+
+function getArchedOpeningHalfWidthAtY(
+  y: number,
+  halfWidth: number,
+  springY: number,
+  archHeight: number,
+) {
+  if (y <= springY || archHeight <= 1e-6) return halfWidth
+  const normalizedY = Math.min(Math.max((y - springY) / archHeight, 0), 1)
+  return halfWidth * Math.sqrt(Math.max(1 - normalizedY * normalizedY, 0))
+}
+
+function getRoundedBoundaryYAtX(
+  x: number,
+  left: number,
+  right: number,
+  top: number,
+  radii: CornerRadii,
+) {
+  if (radii.topLeft > 1e-6 && x < left + radii.topLeft) {
+    const centerX = left + radii.topLeft
+    const centerY = top - radii.topLeft
+    const dx = x - centerX
+    return centerY + Math.sqrt(Math.max(radii.topLeft * radii.topLeft - dx * dx, 0))
+  }
+
+  if (radii.topRight > 1e-6 && x > right - radii.topRight) {
+    const centerX = right - radii.topRight
+    const centerY = top - radii.topRight
+    const dx = x - centerX
+    return centerY + Math.sqrt(Math.max(radii.topRight * radii.topRight - dx * dx, 0))
+  }
+
+  return top
+}
+
+function getRoundedHorizontalBoundsAtY(
+  y: number,
+  left: number,
+  right: number,
+  top: number,
+  radii: CornerRadii,
+) {
+  let minX = left
+  let maxX = right
+
+  if (radii.topLeft > 1e-6 && y > top - radii.topLeft) {
+    const centerX = left + radii.topLeft
+    const centerY = top - radii.topLeft
+    const dy = y - centerY
+    minX = centerX - Math.sqrt(Math.max(radii.topLeft * radii.topLeft - dy * dy, 0))
+  }
+
+  if (radii.topRight > 1e-6 && y > top - radii.topRight) {
+    const centerX = right - radii.topRight
+    const centerY = top - radii.topRight
+    const dy = y - centerY
+    maxX = centerX + Math.sqrt(Math.max(radii.topRight * radii.topRight - dy * dy, 0))
+  }
+
+  return { minX, maxX }
+}
+
+function addRoundedWindowVisuals(node: WindowNode, mesh: THREE.Mesh) {
+  const {
+    width,
+    height,
+    frameDepth,
+    frameThickness,
+    columnRatios,
+    rowRatios,
+    columnDividerThickness,
+    rowDividerThickness,
+    sill,
+    sillDepth,
+    sillThickness,
+  } = node
+  const halfWidth = width / 2
+  const bottom = -height / 2
+  const top = height / 2
+  const outerRadii = getWindowRoundedRadii(node, width, height)
+  const inset = Math.max(0, Math.min(frameThickness, width / 2 - 0.005, height / 2 - 0.005))
+  const innerLeft = -halfWidth + inset
+  const innerRight = halfWidth - inset
+  const innerBottom = bottom + inset
+  const innerTop = top - inset
+  const innerW = innerRight - innerLeft
+  const innerH = innerTop - innerBottom
+  const innerRadii = insetCornerRadii(outerRadii, inset, innerW, innerH)
+
+  addShape(
+    mesh,
+    baseMaterial,
+    createRoundedFrameShape(width, height, inset, outerRadii),
+    frameDepth,
+  )
+
+  if (innerW > 0.01 && innerH > 0.01) {
+    const glassDepth = Math.max(0.004, frameDepth * 0.08)
+    addShape(
+      mesh,
+      glassMaterial,
+      createRoundedShape(innerLeft, innerRight, innerBottom, innerTop, innerRadii),
+      glassDepth,
+    )
+
+    const numCols = columnRatios.length
+    const numRows = rowRatios.length
+    const usableW = innerW - (numCols - 1) * columnDividerThickness
+    const usableH = innerH - (numRows - 1) * rowDividerThickness
+    const colSum = columnRatios.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0)
+    const rowSum = rowRatios.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0)
+    const colWidths = columnRatios.map((r) => (r / colSum) * usableW)
+    const rowHeights = rowRatios.map((r) => (r / rowSum) * usableH)
+
+    let x = innerLeft
+    for (let c = 0; c < numCols - 1; c++) {
+      x += colWidths[c]!
+      const x1 = x
+      const x2 = x + columnDividerThickness
+      const dividerTop = Math.min(
+        getRoundedBoundaryYAtX(x1, innerLeft, innerRight, innerTop, innerRadii),
+        getRoundedBoundaryYAtX(x2, innerLeft, innerRight, innerTop, innerRadii),
+      )
+      if (dividerTop > innerBottom + 0.01) {
+        addShape(
+          mesh,
+          baseMaterial,
+          createRectShape(x1, x2, innerBottom, dividerTop),
+          frameDepth + 0.001,
+        )
+      }
+      x += columnDividerThickness
+    }
+
+    let y = innerTop
+    for (let r = 0; r < numRows - 1; r++) {
+      y -= rowHeights[r]!
+      const yTop = y
+      const yBottom = y - rowDividerThickness
+      const { minX, maxX } = getRoundedHorizontalBoundsAtY(
+        yTop,
+        innerLeft,
+        innerRight,
+        innerTop,
+        innerRadii,
+      )
+      if (maxX - minX > 0.01 && yTop > innerBottom) {
+        addShape(
+          mesh,
+          baseMaterial,
+          createRectShape(minX, maxX, Math.max(yBottom, innerBottom), yTop),
+          frameDepth + 0.001,
+        )
+      }
+      y -= rowDividerThickness
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (sill) {
+    const sillW = width + sillDepth * 0.4
+    const sillZ = frameDepth / 2 + sillDepth / 2
+    addBox(
+      mesh,
+      baseMaterial,
+      sillW,
+      sillThickness,
+      sillDepth,
+      0,
+      -height / 2 - sillThickness / 2,
+      sillZ,
+    )
+  }
+}
+
+function addArchedWindowVisuals(node: WindowNode, mesh: THREE.Mesh) {
+  const {
+    width,
+    height,
+    frameDepth,
+    frameThickness,
+    columnRatios,
+    rowRatios,
+    columnDividerThickness,
+    rowDividerThickness,
+    sill,
+    sillDepth,
+    sillThickness,
+  } = node
+  const halfWidth = width / 2
+  const bottom = -height / 2
+  const top = height / 2
+  const archHeight = getClampedArchHeight(width, height, node.archHeight)
+  const inset = Math.max(0, Math.min(frameThickness, width / 2 - 0.005, height / 2 - 0.005))
+  const innerLeft = -halfWidth + inset
+  const innerRight = halfWidth - inset
+  const innerBottom = bottom + inset
+  const innerTop = top - inset
+  const innerW = innerRight - innerLeft
+  const innerH = innerTop - innerBottom
+  const innerArchHeight = getClampedArchHeight(innerW, innerH, archHeight - inset)
+  const innerSpringY = innerTop - innerArchHeight
+
+  addShape(mesh, baseMaterial, createArchedFrameShape(width, height, archHeight, inset), frameDepth)
+
+  if (innerW > 0.01 && innerH > 0.01) {
+    const glassDepth = Math.max(0.004, frameDepth * 0.08)
+    addShape(
+      mesh,
+      glassMaterial,
+      createArchShape(innerLeft, innerRight, innerBottom, innerTop, innerArchHeight),
+      glassDepth,
+    )
+
+    const numCols = columnRatios.length
+    const numRows = rowRatios.length
+    const usableW = innerW - (numCols - 1) * columnDividerThickness
+    const usableH = innerH - (numRows - 1) * rowDividerThickness
+    const colSum = columnRatios.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0)
+    const rowSum = rowRatios.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0)
+    const colWidths = columnRatios.map((r) => (r / colSum) * usableW)
+    const rowHeights = rowRatios.map((r) => (r / rowSum) * usableH)
+    const innerHalfWidth = innerW / 2
+
+    let x = innerLeft
+    for (let c = 0; c < numCols - 1; c++) {
+      x += colWidths[c]!
+      const x1 = x
+      const x2 = x + columnDividerThickness
+      const dividerTop = Math.min(
+        getArchBoundaryY(x1, innerHalfWidth, innerSpringY, innerArchHeight),
+        getArchBoundaryY(x2, innerHalfWidth, innerSpringY, innerArchHeight),
+      )
+      if (dividerTop > innerBottom + 0.01) {
+        addShape(
+          mesh,
+          baseMaterial,
+          createRectShape(x1, x2, innerBottom, dividerTop),
+          frameDepth + 0.001,
+        )
+      }
+      x += columnDividerThickness
+    }
+
+    let y = innerTop
+    for (let r = 0; r < numRows - 1; r++) {
+      y -= rowHeights[r]!
+      const yTop = y
+      const yBottom = y - rowDividerThickness
+      const halfAtTop = getArchedOpeningHalfWidthAtY(
+        yTop,
+        innerHalfWidth,
+        innerSpringY,
+        innerArchHeight,
+      )
+      const x1 = -halfAtTop
+      const x2 = halfAtTop
+      if (x2 - x1 > 0.01 && yTop > innerBottom) {
+        addShape(
+          mesh,
+          baseMaterial,
+          createRectShape(x1, x2, Math.max(yBottom, innerBottom), yTop),
+          frameDepth + 0.001,
+        )
+      }
+      y -= rowDividerThickness
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (sill) {
+    const sillW = width + sillDepth * 0.4
+    const sillZ = frameDepth / 2 + sillDepth / 2
+    addBox(
+      mesh,
+      baseMaterial,
+      sillW,
+      sillThickness,
+      sillDepth,
+      0,
+      -height / 2 - sillThickness / 2,
+      sillZ,
+    )
+  }
+}
+
 function updateWindowMesh(node: WindowNode, mesh: THREE.Mesh) {
   // Root mesh is an invisible hitbox; all visuals live in child meshes
   mesh.geometry.dispose()
@@ -85,6 +595,7 @@ function updateWindowMesh(node: WindowNode, mesh: THREE.Mesh) {
     sillDepth,
     sillThickness,
     openingKind,
+    openingShape,
   } = node
 
   if (openingKind === 'opening') {
@@ -92,6 +603,18 @@ function updateWindowMesh(node: WindowNode, mesh: THREE.Mesh) {
     return
   }
 
+  if (openingShape === 'arch') {
+    addArchedWindowVisuals(node, mesh)
+    syncWindowCutout(node, mesh)
+    return
+  }
+
+  if (openingShape === 'rounded') {
+    addRoundedWindowVisuals(node, mesh)
+    syncWindowCutout(node, mesh)
+    return
+  }
+
   const innerW = width - 2 * frameThickness
   const innerH = height - 2 * frameThickness
 
@@ -252,6 +775,40 @@ function syncWindowCutout(node: WindowNode, mesh: THREE.Mesh) {
     mesh.add(cutout)
   }
   cutout.geometry.dispose()
-  cutout.geometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(node.width, node.height, 1.0)
+  if (node.openingShape === 'arch') {
+    cutout.geometry = new THREE.ExtrudeGeometry(
+      createArchShape(
+        -node.width / 2,
+        node.width / 2,
+        -node.height / 2,
+        node.height / 2,
+        getClampedArchHeight(node.width, node.height, node.archHeight),
+      ),
+      {
+        depth: 1,
+        bevelEnabled: false,
+        curveSegments: 24,
+      },
+    )
+    cutout.geometry.translate(0, 0, -0.5)
+  } else if (node.openingShape === 'rounded') {
+    cutout.geometry = new THREE.ExtrudeGeometry(
+      createRoundedShape(
+        -node.width / 2,
+        node.width / 2,
+        -node.height / 2,
+        node.height / 2,
+        getWindowRoundedRadii(node, node.width, node.height),
+      ),
+      {
+        depth: 1,
+        bevelEnabled: false,
+        curveSegments: 24,
+      },
+    )
+    cutout.geometry.translate(0, 0, -0.5)
+  } else {
+    cutout.geometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(node.width, node.height, 1.0)
+  }
   cutout.visible = false
 }