diff --git a/src/Test/AggregateRootTestCase.php b/src/Test/AggregateRootTestCase.php
index 8c8d365..826569e 100644
--- a/src/Test/AggregateRootTestCase.php
+++ b/src/Test/AggregateRootTestCase.php
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 use Closure;
 use Patchlevel\EventSourcing\Aggregate\AggregateRoot;
 use Patchlevel\EventSourcing\CommandBus\HandlerFinder;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\AssertionFailedError;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\After;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\Before;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\Constraint\Exception as ExceptionConstraint;
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@
 use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
 use ReflectionClass;
 use Throwable;
+use function sprintf;
 
 abstract class AggregateRootTestCase extends TestCase
 {
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ abstract class AggregateRootTestCase extends TestCase
 
     /** @var array<object> */
     private array $expectedEvents = [];
-    /** @var class-string<Throwable>|null  */
+    /** @var class-string<Throwable>|null */
     private string|null $expectedException = null;
     private string|null $expectedExceptionMessage = null;
 
@@ -122,6 +124,8 @@ final public function assert(): self
             return $this;
         }
 
+        $this->expectedExceptionWasNotThrown();
+
         if (!$aggregate instanceof AggregateRoot) {
             throw new NoAggregateCreated();
         }
@@ -172,4 +176,34 @@ private function handleException(Throwable $throwable): void
             throw $throwable;
         }
     }
+
+    private function expectedExceptionWasNotThrown(): void
+    {
+        if ($this->expectedException !== null) {
+            $this->numberOfAssertionsPerformed++;
+            throw new AssertionFailedError(
+                sprintf(
+                    'Failed asserting that exception "%s" is thrown',
+                    $this->expectedException,
+                ),
+            );
+            self::assertThat(null, new ExceptionConstraint($this->expectedException));
+        } elseif ($this->expectedExceptionMessage !== null) {
+            $this->numberOfAssertionsPerformed++;
+            throw new AssertionFailedError(
+                sprintf(
+                    'Failed asserting that exception with message "%s" is thrown',
+                    $this->expectedExceptionMessage,
+                ),
+            );
+            self::assertThat(
+                null,
+                new ExceptionMessageIsOrContains($this->expectedExceptionMessage),
+                sprintf(
+                    'Failed asserting that exception with message "%s" is thrown',
+                    $this->expectedExceptionMessage,
+                ),
+            );
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Test/AggregateRootTestCaseTest.php b/tests/Unit/Test/AggregateRootTestCaseTest.php
index eea79b1..73fdbfc 100644
--- a/tests/Unit/Test/AggregateRootTestCaseTest.php
+++ b/tests/Unit/Test/AggregateRootTestCaseTest.php
@@ -85,6 +85,71 @@ public function testExceptionAndMessage(): void
         self::assertSame(2, $test::getCount());
     }
 
+    public function testExceptionNotThrown(): void
+    {
+        $test = $this->getTester();
+
+        $test
+            ->given(
+                new ProfileCreated(
+                    ProfileId::fromString('1'),
+                    Email::fromString('hq@patchlevel.de'),
+                ),
+            )
+            ->when(
+                static fn (Profile $profile) => $profile->visitProfile(new VisitProfile(ProfileId::fromString('2'))),
+            )
+            ->expectsException(ProfileError::class);
+
+        try {
+            $test->assert();
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+
+        }
+        self::assertSame(1, $test::getCount());
+    }
+
+    public function testExceptionNotThrownWithMessageSpecified(): void
+    {
+        $test = $this->getTester();
+
+        $test
+            ->given(
+                new ProfileCreated(
+                    ProfileId::fromString('1'),
+                    Email::fromString('hq@patchlevel.de'),
+                ),
+            )
+            ->when(
+                static fn (Profile $profile) => $profile->visitProfile(new VisitProfile(ProfileId::fromString('2'))),
+            )
+            ->expectsExceptionMessage('throwing so that you can catch it!');
+
+        $test->assert();
+        self::assertSame(1, $test::getCount());
+    }
+
+    public function testExceptionNotThrownAndMessageSpecified(): void
+    {
+        $test = $this->getTester();
+
+        $test
+            ->given(
+                new ProfileCreated(
+                    ProfileId::fromString('1'),
+                    Email::fromString('hq@patchlevel.de'),
+                ),
+            )
+            ->when(
+                static fn (Profile $profile) => $profile->visitProfile(new VisitProfile(ProfileId::fromString('2'))),
+            )
+            ->expectsException(ProfileError::class)
+            ->expectsExceptionMessage('throwing so that you can catch it!');
+
+        $test->assert();
+        self::assertSame(2, $test::getCount());
+    }
+
     public function testExceptionUncatched(): void
     {
         $test = $this->getTester();