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⚡ Optimize string concatenation in OptionCollector#201

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perf/optimize-optioncollector-string-concat-17089181951364035381
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⚡ Optimize string concatenation in OptionCollector#201
Dor-bl wants to merge 1 commit intomainfrom
perf/optimize-optioncollector-string-concat-17089181951364035381

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@Dor-bl Dor-bl commented Mar 22, 2026

💡 What: Replaced inefficient string concatenation in ParseCapabilitiesIfWindows within OptionCollector.cs with a List<string> and string.Join(). Initialized the list with the exact required capacity.
🎯 Why: The existing approach (result = result + ", " + key + ": " + value) inside a loop leads to repeated string memory allocations, causing higher CPU usage and Garbage Collection pressure. The list accumulation approach is the standard C# optimization.
📊 Measured Improvement: Created a local benchmark executing the loop 100,000 times on a simulated 50-item capability dictionary:

  • Baseline (String Concatenation): ~2762 ms
  • Optimized (List Add + String.Join): ~1029 ms
  • Overall Improvement: ~62% execution time reduction.

PR created automatically by Jules for task 17089181951364035381 started by @Dor-bl

Replaced inefficient string concatenation in a loop with a List<string> and string.Join() in `ParseCapabilitiesIfWindows()`. This prevents repeated string allocations and improves execution performance.
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Copilot AI review requested due to automatic review settings March 22, 2026 21:32
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Pull request overview

This PR optimizes how Windows default-capabilities arguments are serialized in OptionCollector to reduce allocations during repeated string concatenation, and adds a small benchmark project to compare approaches.

Changes:

  • Refactored ParseCapabilitiesIfWindows to accumulate capability fragments in a List<string> and emit the final string via string.Join.
  • Added a standalone benchmark console app to measure old vs new concatenation approaches.
  • Introduced a new benchmark project file to build/run the benchmark.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 3 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

File Description
src/Appium.Net/Appium/Service/Options/OptionCollector.cs Replaces loop-time string concatenation with list accumulation + string.Join for Windows capability argument formatting.
benchmark/Program.cs Adds a simple stopwatch-based benchmark comparing old and new concatenation strategies.
benchmark/benchmark.csproj Defines the benchmark console project and its target framework.

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<PropertyGroup>
<OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
<TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
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The benchmark project targets net10.0, but this repo’s CI/tooling is configured for older SDKs (unit-test workflow installs .NET 8.0.x, release workflow installs .NET 5.0.x). Even though the benchmark isn’t in Appium.Net.sln today, keeping it on a newer TFM can make it difficult for contributors to build/run without extra SDK installs. Consider targeting net8.0 (or otherwise aligning the benchmark TFM with the repo’s supported SDK range).

Suggested change
<TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
<TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>

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