feat : reliable idiomatic wrapper for the C library igraphs

[mahmudsudo]

closes #446

[github-actions]

Benchmark Results (Julia v1)

Time benchmarks

	master	898a3d2...	master / 898a3d2...
centrality/digraphs/betweenness_centrality	16.4 ± 0.37 ms	15.9 ± 0.79 ms	1.03 ± 0.056
centrality/digraphs/closeness_centrality	11.7 ± 0.41 ms	11.4 ± 0.49 ms	1.03 ± 0.057
centrality/digraphs/degree_centrality	1.94 ± 0.15 μs	2.08 ± 1.5 μs	0.933 ± 0.67
centrality/digraphs/katz_centrality	0.874 ± 0.081 ms	0.88 ± 0.076 ms	0.993 ± 0.13
centrality/digraphs/pagerank	0.037 ± 0.0012 ms	0.0365 ± 0.0044 ms	1.01 ± 0.13
centrality/graphs/betweenness_centrality	28.8 ± 1.5 ms	28.7 ± 1.5 ms	1 ± 0.072
centrality/graphs/closeness_centrality	21.4 ± 0.46 ms	21.3 ± 0.36 ms	1 ± 0.027
centrality/graphs/degree_centrality	1.5 ± 0.13 μs	1.49 ± 0.14 μs	1.01 ± 0.13
centrality/graphs/katz_centrality	1.03 ± 0.056 ms	1.03 ± 0.075 ms	1 ± 0.091
connectivity/digraphs/strongly_connected_components	0.0432 ± 0.0013 ms	0.0431 ± 0.0019 ms	1 ± 0.054
connectivity/graphs/connected_components	24 ± 0.66 μs	27.5 ± 1.1 μs	0.873 ± 0.041
core/edges/digraphs	7.11 ± 0.011 μs	7.01 ± 0.01 μs	1.01 ± 0.0021
core/edges/graphs	17.1 ± 0.1 μs	17 ± 0.1 μs	1 ± 0.0083
core/has_edge/digraphs	5.22 ± 0.36 μs	5.2 ± 0.45 μs	1 ± 0.11
core/has_edge/graphs	5.5 ± 0.38 μs	5.75 ± 0.82 μs	0.957 ± 0.15
core/nv/digraphs	0.37 ± 0.01 μs	0.371 ± 0.01 μs	0.997 ± 0.038
core/nv/graphs	0.391 ± 0.01 μs	0.381 ± 0.011 μs	1.03 ± 0.04
edges/fille	8.28 ± 0.81 μs	8.09 ± 0.94 μs	1.02 ± 0.16
edges/fillp	6.53 ± 3.7 μs	6.23 ± 4 μs	1.05 ± 0.9
edges/tsume	2.6 ± 0.07 μs	2.64 ± 0.13 μs	0.985 ± 0.055
edges/tsump	2.65 ± 0.061 μs	2.52 ± 0.12 μs	1.05 ± 0.055
insertions/SG(n,e) Generation	25.4 ± 3.2 ms	25.7 ± 3.1 ms	0.986 ± 0.17
parallel/egonet/twohop	0.281 ± 0.0059 s	0.291 ± 0.012 s	0.967 ± 0.045
parallel/egonet/vertexfunction	2.22 ± 0.13 ms	2.24 ± 0.18 ms	0.991 ± 0.098
serial/egonet/twohop	0.282 ± 0.014 s	0.296 ± 0.014 s	0.953 ± 0.066
serial/egonet/vertexfunction	2.21 ± 0.14 ms	2.26 ± 0.32 ms	0.98 ± 0.15
traversals/digraphs/bfs_tree	0.0496 ± 0.011 ms	0.0494 ± 0.011 ms	1 ± 0.32
traversals/digraphs/dfs_tree	0.0641 ± 0.011 ms	0.0645 ± 0.011 ms	0.994 ± 0.25
traversals/graphs/bfs_tree	0.0536 ± 0.01 ms	0.053 ± 0.0023 ms	1.01 ± 0.2
traversals/graphs/dfs_tree	0.0656 ± 0.0038 ms	0.066 ± 0.0044 ms	0.993 ± 0.087
time_to_load	0.528 ± 0.0066 s	0.528 ± 0.003 s	1 ± 0.014

Memory benchmarks

	master	898a3d2...	master / 898a3d2...
centrality/digraphs/betweenness_centrality	0.29 M allocs: 24 MB	0.29 M allocs: 24 MB	1
centrality/digraphs/closeness_centrality	18.6 k allocs: 14.5 MB	18.6 k allocs: 14.5 MB	1
centrality/digraphs/degree_centrality	8 allocs: 5.01 kB	8 allocs: 5.01 kB	1
centrality/digraphs/katz_centrality	2.63 k allocs: 2.83 MB	2.63 k allocs: 2.83 MB	1
centrality/digraphs/pagerank	21 allocs: 14.9 kB	21 allocs: 14.9 kB	1
centrality/graphs/betweenness_centrality	0.545 M allocs: 0.0313 GB	0.545 M allocs: 0.0313 GB	1
centrality/graphs/closeness_centrality	19.3 k allocs: 14 MB	19.3 k allocs: 14 MB	1
centrality/graphs/degree_centrality	10 allocs: 5.43 kB	10 allocs: 5.43 kB	1
centrality/graphs/katz_centrality	2.96 k allocs: 3.1 MB	2.96 k allocs: 3.1 MB	1
connectivity/digraphs/strongly_connected_components	1.05 k allocs: 0.075 MB	1.05 k allocs: 0.075 MB	1
connectivity/graphs/connected_components	0.061 k allocs: 22.5 kB	0.061 k allocs: 22.5 kB	1
core/edges/digraphs	3 allocs: 0.0938 kB	3 allocs: 0.0938 kB	1
core/edges/graphs	3 allocs: 0.0938 kB	3 allocs: 0.0938 kB	1
core/has_edge/digraphs	20 allocs: 12.6 kB	20 allocs: 12.6 kB	1
core/has_edge/graphs	28 allocs: 13.8 kB	28 allocs: 13.8 kB	1
core/nv/digraphs	3 allocs: 0.0938 kB	3 allocs: 0.0938 kB	1
core/nv/graphs	3 allocs: 0.0938 kB	3 allocs: 0.0938 kB	1
edges/fille	3 allocs: 0.153 MB	3 allocs: 0.153 MB	1
edges/fillp	3 allocs: 0.153 MB	3 allocs: 0.153 MB	1
edges/tsume	0 allocs: 0 B	0 allocs: 0 B
edges/tsump	0 allocs: 0 B	0 allocs: 0 B
insertions/SG(n,e) Generation	0.0465 M allocs: 10.9 MB	0.0465 M allocs: 11 MB	0.999
parallel/egonet/twohop	10 allocs: 0.0768 MB	10 allocs: 0.0768 MB	1
parallel/egonet/vertexfunction	10 allocs: 0.0768 MB	10 allocs: 0.0768 MB	1
serial/egonet/twohop	3 allocs: 0.0764 MB	3 allocs: 0.0764 MB	1
serial/egonet/vertexfunction	3 allocs: 0.0764 MB	3 allocs: 0.0764 MB	1
traversals/digraphs/bfs_tree	2.34 k allocs: 0.113 MB	2.34 k allocs: 0.113 MB	1
traversals/digraphs/dfs_tree	2.44 k allocs: 0.118 MB	2.44 k allocs: 0.118 MB	1
traversals/graphs/bfs_tree	2.52 k allocs: 0.121 MB	2.52 k allocs: 0.121 MB	1
traversals/graphs/dfs_tree	2.63 k allocs: 0.127 MB	2.63 k allocs: 0.127 MB	1
time_to_load	0.145 k allocs: 11 kB	0.145 k allocs: 11 kB	1

[Krastanov]

Hi, @mahmudsudo ! Thanks for setting this up, it is very useful work! However it is structured in a way we will not be able to merge here.

Julia is organized around the paradigm of multiple dispatch, so to extend Graphs.jl with capabilities related to IGraphs.jl you do not need to make IGraphs.jl a dependency of Graphs.jl. We actually really do not want that -- Graphs.jl is supposed to be lean.

Graphs.jl is already a dependency of IGraphs.jl. So all you need to do is extend Graphs.jl is to define in IGraphs.jl new methods for functions from Graphs.jl. No need for package extensions.

[Krastanov]

I will close this PR, but do not hesitate to open something similar in IGraphs.jl and then open a purely documentation-focused PR here.