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31 changes: 31 additions & 0 deletions Test/P01_hello.py
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
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# Author: OMKAR PATHAK
# This program prints the entered message

def justPrint(text):
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JAS Confidence Score: 95% View Citation

JAS - Just a suggestion
Function Naming Convention (Case Style)

In Python, function names should follow the snake_case convention as per PEP 8. The current name justPrint uses camelCase, which is non-standard for this language.

Suggested change
def justPrint(text):
def just_print(text):
Reasons & Gaps

Reasons

  1. Python's PEP 8 style guide explicitly recommends snake_case for function names
  2. Consistent casing improves code maintainability and follows community standards
  3. Helps distinguish functions from classes which use PascalCase in Python

Gaps

  1. Project-specific style guides might intentionally adopt camelCase for consistency with other languages
  2. The function name is descriptive enough despite the casing violation

'''This function prints the text passed as argument to this function'''
print(text)
a=input("Enter a number: ")
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Critical Confidence Score: 90% View Citation

Single-Character Variable Name

The variable name 'a' is non-descriptive. Using single-character names for business logic or user input makes the code harder to understand and maintain.

Suggested change
a=input("Enter a number: ")
first_number = input("Enter a number: ")
Reasons & Gaps

Reasons

  1. Single-letter variables increase cognitive load when reading complex logic
  2. Descriptive names like 'first_number' clearly communicate the variable's intent
  3. Prevents ambiguity if more variables are added to the scope later

Gaps

  1. In very small scripts or mathematical contexts, single letters are sometimes tolerated
  2. The prompt 'Enter a number' provides immediate local context for the variable's purpose

b=input("Enter another number: ")
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Critical Confidence Score: 90% View Citation

Single-Character Variable Name

The variable name 'b' is non-descriptive. Descriptive names should be used to reflect the purpose of the data being stored.

Suggested change
b=input("Enter another number: ")
second_number = input("Enter another number: ")
Reasons & Gaps

Reasons

  1. Meaningful names improve code self-documentation without needing extra comments
  2. 'second_number' is more expressive than 'b' for future code modifications
  3. Follows enterprise standards for clear and maintainable application code

Gaps

  1. Short-lived variables in simple scripts are often named using single letters by convention
  2. The immediate usage in the print statement reduces the risk of confusion

base_value = 10
increment_value=20
difference = increment_value - base_value
divide_value = increment_value / base_value
multiply_value = increment_value * base_value
floor_division = increment_value // base_value # // -> integer division

print("Floor Division:", floor_division)
# print("Difference is:", increment_value - base_value)
print("Divide value is:", divide_value)
print("Multiply value is:", multiply_value)
print("Modulus:", increment_value % base_value ) # % -> remainder
try:
print('Addition is:', int(a) + int(b))
except ValueError:
print('Error: Please enter valid numeric values.')

if __name__ == '__main__':
justPrint('Hello Sindhuja')
justPrint('Hello Sindhuja')
justPrint('Hello Sindhuja')


16 changes: 16 additions & 0 deletions Test/P02_VariableScope.py
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
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#Author: OMKAR PATHAK
#This programs shows the rules for variable scope

# LEGB Rule: Local, Enclosing, Global, Built-in

x = 80 # Global x
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Critical Confidence Score: 85% View Citation

Single-Character Variable Name

The variable name 'x' is non-descriptive. Using more meaningful names like 'global_count' or 'base_value' improves code clarity and maintainability.

Suggested change
x = 80 # Global x
global_value = 80 # Global value
Reasons & Gaps

Reasons

  1. Single-character names fail to communicate the purpose or intent of the variable
  2. Descriptive names reduce the cognitive effort required to understand the logic
  3. Standard conventions prefer full words over single letters for business logic

Gaps

  1. Single-letter variables are common in mathematical contexts or small scripts
  2. The comment 'Global x' provides some context, though the name itself remains vague


def test():
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JAS Confidence Score: 90% View Citation

JAS - Just a suggestion
Non-Descriptive Function Name

The function name 'test' is a generic placeholder. Rename it to describe the specific action being performed, such as 'demonstrate_variable_scope'.

Suggested change
def test():
def demonstrate_scope_behavior():
Reasons & Gaps

Reasons

  1. Generic names like 'test' do not explain what logic is being executed
  2. Descriptive function names act as internal documentation for the codebase
  3. Avoids naming collisions and ambiguity in larger projects

Gaps

  1. 'test' is often used in quick scripts or unit testing frameworks
  2. The context of the file suggests this is a demonstration script where 'test' is common

#global x
y = 100 # Local y
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Critical Confidence Score: 85% View Citation

Single-Character Variable Name

The variable name 'y' is ambiguous. A descriptive name such as 'local_offset' or 'adjustment_value' would better reflect its role in the function.

Suggested change
y = 100 # Local y
local_value = 100 # Local value
Reasons & Gaps

Reasons

  1. Using 'y' requires the reader to inspect the assignment to understand the data
  2. Meaningful names prevent confusion when functions grow in complexity
  3. Improves overall code quality by adhering to enterprise naming standards

Gaps

  1. In very short functions, single-letter variables are sometimes tolerated by developers
  2. The specific domain of this script (educational scope example) uses simple names

x = 20
print(x + y) #prints 'Local x' and 'Local y'

if __name__ == '__main__':
test()
print(x) #prints 'Global x'
48 changes: 48 additions & 0 deletions Test/P03_ListsOperations.py
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
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#Author: OMKAR PATHAK
#This program gives examples about various list operations
# User story id : Prod - PYTH-003

#Syntax: list[start: end: step]

myList = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
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Critical Confidence Score: 90% View Citation

Non-Descriptive Variable Name

The variable name myList is generic and uses a type suffix ('List'), which violates naming standards. Use a name that describes the content or purpose of the data, such as numbers or integer_sequence.

Suggested change
myList = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
Reasons & Gaps

Reasons

  1. Variable names should describe the data they hold rather than the data structure type
  2. Using 'my' prefix and 'List' suffix adds no semantic value to the code logic
  3. Descriptive names like 'numbers' improve code maintainability and readability

Gaps

  1. The variable is used in a generic example script where specific domain context is absent
  2. Type suffixes are common in educational snippets but discouraged in enterprise code

#index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
# -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1

#List Slicing
print('Original List:',myList)
print('First Element:',myList[0]) #Prints the first element of the list or 0th element of the list
print('Element at 2nd Index position:',myList[2]) #Prints the 2nd element of the list
print('Elements from 0th Index to 4th Index:',myList[0: 5]) #Prints elements of the list from 0th index to 4th index. IT DOESN'T INCLUDE THE LAST INDEX
print('Element at -7th Index:',myList[-7]) #Prints the -7th or 3rd element of the list

#To append an element to a list
myList.append(10)
print('Append:',myList)

#To find the index of a particular element
print('Index of element \'6\':',myList.index(6)) #returns index of element '6'

#To sort the list
myList.sort()

#To pop last element
print('Poped Element:',myList.pop())

#To remove a particular element from the lsit BY NAME
myList.remove(6)
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Warning Confidence Score: 100%

Potential ValueError in List Removal

I noticed we're calling myList.remove(6) here. In Python, the remove() method raises a ValueError if the specified element is not found in the list. Since the list was modified by pop() and sort() earlier, it's safer to check if the element exists before attempting to remove it to prevent a runtime crash.

Suggested change
myList.remove(6)
if 6 in myList:
myList.remove(6)

print('After removing \'6\':',myList)

#To insert an element at a specified Index
myList.insert(5, 6)
print('Inserting \'6\' at 5th index:',myList)

#To count number of occurences of a element in the list
print('No of Occurences of \'1\':',myList.count(1))

#To extend a list that is insert multiple elemets at once at the end of the list
myList.extend([11,0])
print('Extending list:',myList)

#To reverse a list
myList.reverse()
print('Reversed list:',myList)
17 changes: 17 additions & 0 deletions Test/P04_Factorial.py
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
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#Author: OMKAR PATHAK
#This program finds the favtorial of the specified numbers
#For example, factorial of 5 = 5*4*3*2*1 = 120

def factorial(number):
'''This function finds the factorial of the number passed as argument'''
if number < 0:
print('Invalid entry! Cannot find factorial of a negative number')
if number == 0 or number == 1:
Comment on lines +7 to +9
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Critical Confidence Score: 100%

Infinite Recursion Risk on Negative Input

I notice that when a negative number is entered, we print an error message but then proceed to evaluate the next if and else blocks. This will trigger the recursive call factorial(number - 1) with an even smaller negative number, leading to a RecursionError (stack overflow). We should return early or use an elif structure to prevent the code from executing further after an invalid input is detected.

Suggested change
if number < 0:
print('Invalid entry! Cannot find factorial of a negative number')
if number == 0 or number == 1:
if number < 0:
print('Invalid entry! Cannot find factorial of a negative number')
return None
elif number == 0 or number == 1:

print("Hello")
return 1
else:
return number * factorial(number - 1)

if __name__ == '__main__':
userInput = int(input('Enter the Number to find the factorial of: '))
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Critical Confidence Score: 95% View Citation

Variable Naming Convention (camelCase in Python)

The variable name 'userInput' uses camelCase, which is not the standard naming convention for Python variables. Following PEP 8, variable names should use snake_case to maintain consistency with the rest of the Python ecosystem.

Suggested change
userInput = int(input('Enter the Number to find the factorial of: '))
user_input = int(input('Enter the Number to find the factorial of: '))
Reasons & Gaps

Reasons

  1. Python's PEP 8 style guide explicitly recommends snake_case for variable names
  2. Consistent naming conventions improve code maintainability and readability for Python developers
  3. Mixed naming styles (snake_case vs camelCase) create cognitive load during code reviews

Gaps

  1. Project-specific style guides sometimes allow camelCase if migrating from other languages
  2. The variable is local to the main block, reducing its impact on the overall API consistency

print(factorial(userInput))
112 changes: 112 additions & 0 deletions Test/P05_Pattern.py
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
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#Author: OMKAR PATHAK
#This program prints various patterns

def pattern1(level):
'''This function prints the following pattern:

*
**
***
****

'''
for i in range(1, level + 1):
print()
for j in range(i):
print('*', end = '')

def pattern2(level):
'''This function prints the following pattern:

****
***
**
*

'''
for i in range(level, 0, -1):
print()
for j in range(i):
print('*', end = '')

def pattern3(level):
'''This function prints the following pattern:

*
**
***
****

'''
counter = level
for i in range(level + 1):
print(' ' * counter + '*' * i)
counter -= 1

def pattern4(level):
'''This function prints the following pattern:

****
***
**
*

'''
counter = 0
for i in range(level, 0 ,-1):
print(' ' * counter + '*' * i)
counter += 1

def pattern5(level):
'''This function prints the following pattern:

*
***
*****

'''
# first loop for number of lines
for i in range(level + 1):
#second loop for spaces
for j in range(level - i):
print (" ",end='')
# this loop is for printing stars
for k in range(2 * i - 1):
print("*", end='')
print()


if __name__ == '__main__':
userInput = int(input('Enter the level: '))
pattern1(userInput)
print()
pattern2(userInput)
print()
pattern3(userInput)
print()
pattern4(userInput)
print()
pattern5(userInput)
print()

def pattern6(userInput):
'''
following is the another approach to solve pattern problems with reduced time complexity

for

*
**
***
****
*****
'''

num = int(input('Enter number for pattern'))
pattern = '*'
string = pattern * num
x = 0
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Critical Confidence Score: 85% View Citation

Single-Character Variable Name

The variable x is used as a counter/index but is not part of a loop definition. Using single-letter names for business logic or state tracking reduces code clarity.

Suggested change
x = 0
char_index = 0
Reasons & Gaps

Reasons

  1. Single-letter names (except loop counters) increase cognitive load for readers
  2. 'char_index' explicitly describes the variable's role in the string slicing logic
  3. Descriptive names prevent ambiguity when functions grow in complexity

Gaps

  1. In very small functions, single-letter variables are sometimes tolerated by developers
  2. The variable's purpose is relatively clear from the immediate surrounding lines


for i in string:
x = x + 1
print(string[0:x])
Comment on lines +92 to +112
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Warning Confidence Score: 100%

Redundant Input and Logic Error in pattern6

I noticed that pattern6 is defined inside the if __name__ == '__main__': block, which makes it a local function. More importantly, it ignores the userInput parameter and asks for input again, while the logic for printing the pattern is slightly flawed as it relies on a string length that might not match the user's requested level.

Suggested change
def pattern6(userInput):
'''
following is the another approach to solve pattern problems with reduced time complexity
for
*
**
***
****
*****
'''
num = int(input('Enter number for pattern'))
pattern = '*'
string = pattern * num
x = 0
for i in string:
x = x + 1
print(string[0:x])
def pattern6(level):
'''
Another approach to solve pattern problems with reduced time complexity
'''
for i in range(1, level + 1):
print('*' * i)

18 changes: 18 additions & 0 deletions Test/P06_CharCount.py
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
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#Author: OMKAR PATHAK
#This program checks for the character frequency in the given string

def charFrequency(userInput):
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JAS Confidence Score: 95% View Citation

JAS - Just a suggestion
Function Naming Convention (Case Style)

In Python, function names should follow the snake_case convention. The current name charFrequency uses camelCase, which is inconsistent with PEP 8 standards.

Suggested change
def charFrequency(userInput):
def char_frequency(user_input):
Reasons & Gaps

Reasons

  1. Python's PEP 8 style guide explicitly recommends snake_case for function and variable names
  2. Consistent naming conventions improve code maintainability and readability for Python developers
  3. Standardizing case style prevents confusion when integrating with other Python libraries

Gaps

  1. Project-specific style guides sometimes override PEP 8 to maintain consistency with legacy code
  2. The developer might be transitioning from a camelCase language like Java or JavaScript

'''This fuction helps to count the char frequency in the given string '''
userInput = userInput.lower() #covert to lowercase
dict = {}
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Critical Confidence Score: 100% View Citation

Forbidden Generic Name

The variable name dict is a built-in Python type. Using it as a variable name shadows the built-in constructor and is considered a forbidden generic name.

Suggested change
dict = {}
char_counts = {}

for char in userInput:
keys = dict.keys()
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JAS Confidence Score: 80% View Citation

JAS - Just a suggestion
Vague Generic Name

The variable name keys is generic. While functional, a more descriptive name like existing_chars or dictionary_keys would improve semantic clarity.

Suggested change
keys = dict.keys()
existing_chars = dict.keys()
Reasons & Gaps

Reasons

  1. Descriptive names reduce the need for developers to trace variable assignments to understand intent
  2. Improving semantic clarity helps distinguish between different sets of keys in complex logic
  3. Standardizing naming across the pipeline enhances overall code maintainability

Gaps

  1. 'keys' is a common term when working with dictionaries and might be considered clear enough
  2. The variable is used immediately in the next line, reducing cognitive load

if char in keys:
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JAS Confidence Score: 100%

JAS - Just a suggestion
Inefficient Dictionary Lookup

I notice we're calling dict.keys() inside the loop and then checking for existence. In Python, you can check if a key exists directly in the dictionary using if char in dict:. This is much more efficient because dictionary lookups are O(1), whereas creating a view of keys and searching it can be less performant in some contexts.

Suggested change
if char in keys:
if char in dict:

dict[char] += 1
else:
dict[char] = 1
return dict

if __name__ == '__main__':
userInput = str(input('Enter a string: '))
print(charFrequency(userInput))
23 changes: 23 additions & 0 deletions Test/P07_PrimeNumber.py
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
#Author: OMKAR PATHAK
#This program checks whether the entered number is prime or not

def checkPrime(number):
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Warning Confidence Score: 85% View Citation

Boolean Function Naming Convention

The function returns a boolean value but lacks a standard boolean prefix like 'is_' or 'has_'. Renaming it to 'is_prime' follows Python naming conventions for predicate functions.

Suggested change
def checkPrime(number):
def is_prime(number):
Reasons & Gaps

Reasons

  1. Functions returning booleans should use prefixes like 'is_' for clarity
  2. Improves readability by making the function's return type predictable
  3. Follows PEP 8 recommendations for descriptive and idiomatic naming

Gaps

  1. The function currently prints output instead of just returning a boolean
  2. Standard library naming conventions sometimes vary based on specific project styles

'''This function checks for prime number'''
isPrime = False
if number == 2:
print(number, 'is a Prime Number')
if number > 1:
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Warning Confidence Score: 100%

Logical Error: Redundant Output for Number 2

I notice that when the input is 2, the function prints that it is a prime number twice. This happens because the first if block handles 2, and then the second if number > 1 block also executes, setting isPrime to true (since the loop range is empty) and printing the message again. We should use an elif or restructure the conditions to ensure each number is processed and reported only once.

Suggested change
if number > 1:
elif number > 1:

for i in range(2, number):
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Critical Confidence Score: 75% View Citation

Single-Character Variable Name

While 'i' is common for loop counters, using a more descriptive name like 'divisor' or 'factor' can improve the clarity of the mathematical logic being performed.

Suggested change
for i in range(2, number):
for divisor in range(2, number):
Reasons & Gaps

Reasons

  1. Descriptive names reduce cognitive load when reading complex logic
  2. 'divisor' explicitly describes the role of the variable in the modulo operation
  3. Enhances maintainability for developers unfamiliar with the specific algorithm

Gaps

  1. Single-letter variables like 'i' are explicitly exempted for loop counters in many standards
  2. The context of a prime check makes 'i' widely understood by developers

if number % i == 0:
print(number, 'is not a Prime Number')
isPrime = False
break
else:
isPrime = True

if isPrime:
print(number, 'is a Prime Number')

if __name__ == '__main__':
userInput = int(input('Enter a number to check: '))
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JAS Confidence Score: 95% View Citation

JAS - Just a suggestion
Non-Standard Case Convention

In Python, variable names should follow the snake_case convention. 'userInput' (camelCase) should be refactored to 'user_input' to align with PEP 8 standards.

Suggested change
userInput = int(input('Enter a number to check: '))
user_input = int(input('Enter a number to check: '))
Reasons & Gaps

Reasons

  1. Consistency with PEP 8 'snake_case' is standard for Python development
  2. Mixed naming styles (camelCase vs snake_case) reduce codebase professionality
  3. Standardized casing helps automated tools and linters process code correctly

Gaps

  1. Some developers use camelCase if they are coming from Java/JavaScript backgrounds
  2. The variable is functional and its meaning is perfectly clear despite the casing

checkPrime(userInput)
35 changes: 35 additions & 0 deletions Test/login.py
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
class LoginSystem:
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Critical Confidence Score: 100%

Missing Import for 'os' Module

I notice we're using os.getenv to retrieve credentials, but the os module hasn't been imported. This will cause a NameError as soon as the class is instantiated. We should add import os at the top of the file to ensure the environment variables can be accessed correctly.

Suggested change
class LoginSystem:
import os
class LoginSystem:

def __init__(self):
self.valid_email = os.getenv("VALID_EMAIL")
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JAS Confidence Score: 100%

JAS - Just a suggestion
New Environment Variable Added

I see the addition of the VALID_EMAIL environment variable is still part of this change. This is a great step for externalizing configuration! Please ensure that this variable is added to the configuration and secrets management systems for all applicable environments (development, staging, production) to prevent deployment failures or runtime errors.

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Critical Confidence Score: 100%

Missing Import for 'os' Module

I've noticed that os.getenv is being used to retrieve environment variables, but the os module has not been imported in this file. This will cause the application to crash with a NameError when it tries to start. Let's add the import statement to resolve this.

Suggested change
self.valid_email = os.getenv("VALID_EMAIL")
import os
class LoginSystem:

self.valid_password = os.getenv("VALID_PASSWORD")
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JAS Confidence Score: 100%

JAS - Just a suggestion
New Environment Variable Added

I see the addition of the VALID_PASSWORD environment variable is still part of this change. This is a great step for externalizing configuration! Please ensure that this variable is added to the configuration and secrets management systems for all applicable environments (development, staging, production) to prevent deployment failures or runtime errors.

self.failed_attempts = 0
self.locked = False

def login(self, email, password):
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Warning Confidence Score: 80% View Citation

Boolean-Returning Function Without Prefix

The function login returns a string message, but its logic and usage in the test cases suggest it acts as a validation check. If intended to return success/failure status, it should follow boolean naming conventions or be more descriptive of its side effects.

Suggested change
def login(self, email, password):
def authenticate_user(self, email, password):
Reasons & Gaps

Reasons

  1. Function names should explicitly state the action being performed on an object
  2. 'login' is a generic verb that doesn't specify the return type or side effects
  3. Descriptive names like 'authenticate_user' improve code clarity and maintainability

Gaps

  1. The function returns strings instead of booleans, making the 'boolean_no_prefix' rule partially applicable
  2. The intent of the function is clear in context, though the name is generic

if self.locked:
return "Account is locked. Contact support."

if email == self.valid_email and password == self.valid_password:
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Warning Confidence Score: 85%

Potential Constant Time Comparison Issue

While this works for basic logic, using standard equality operators (==) for password comparison can be vulnerable to timing attacks. In a production environment, we'd want to use a constant-time comparison function to prevent attackers from guessing the password based on how long the check takes.

Suggested change
if email == self.valid_email and password == self.valid_password:
if email == self.valid_email and hmac.compare_digest(password, self.valid_password):
Reasons & Gaps

Reasons

  1. Standard string comparison returns early on the first mismatched character
  2. This measurable time difference can be exploited to brute-force credentials
  3. Using compare_digest ensures the operation takes the same time regardless of input

Gaps

  1. The impact of timing attacks depends on the network latency and environment
  2. Standard string comparison is often acceptable for non-high-security internal tools

self.failed_attempts = 0
return "Login Successful ✅"

else:
self.failed_attempts += 1

if self.failed_attempts >= 3:
self.locked = True
return "Account locked due to 3 failed attempts ❌"

return f"Invalid credentials. Attempts left: {3 - self.failed_attempts}"

# ----- Testing the function -----

app = LoginSystem()
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JAS Confidence Score: 85% View Citation

JAS - Just a suggestion
Vague Generic Variable Name

The variable name app is generic. While functional in a small script, using a more specific name like login_manager or auth_service better reflects the instance's purpose.

Suggested change
app = LoginSystem()
login_system = LoginSystem()
Reasons & Gaps

Reasons

  1. Generic names like 'app' provide little information about the object's actual role
  2. Specific names improve semantic clarity and reduce ambiguity in larger scopes
  3. Aligning variable names with class names (e.g., login_system) is a best practice

Gaps

  1. 'app' is a very common convention for entry-point objects in many frameworks
  2. In a small test script, the cognitive load of 'app' is minimal


print(app.login("wrong@test.com", "123")) # Test case 1
print(app.login("wrong@test.com", "123")) # Test case 2
print(app.login("wrong@test.com", "123")) # Test case 3 (locks account)
print(app.login("user@test.com", "Password@123")) # Should fail because account is locked
print("TC4:", app.login("wrong@test.com", "123")) # This will now lock
print("TC5:", app.login("user@test.com", "Password@123")) # Locked account case
print("TC6:", app.login("user@test.com", "Password@123")) # Locked account case
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