blog: Taiwan VASP draft (Executive Yuan) — zh-TW, zh-CN, en

docs/en/blog/posts/2026-taiwan-vasp-draft-cabinet.md

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+---
+date: 2026-04-03
+authors:
+    - toomore
+categories:
+    - News
+slug: taiwan-vasp-draft-cabinet
+image: "assets/images/post-update.png"
+summary: "Taiwan’s Executive Yuan cleared a Virtual Asset Service Provider bill for the Legislature: licensing, stablecoin rules, criminal penalties, and who shows up at public hearings."
+description: "A plain-language status brief on the April 2026 cabinet-approved VASP draft, what happens next in the Legislative Yuan, and how stakeholder voices differ from typical NGO-style advocacy."
+---
+
+# Taiwan’s Virtual Asset Service Bill: What the Cabinet Approved (and What Happens Next)
+
+![Policy update](./assets/images/post-update.png){style="border-radius: 10px;box-shadow:1px 1px 0.6rem #00aeff;"}
+
+On **2 April 2026**, Taiwan’s **Executive Yuan** (the cabinet) approved the Financial Supervisory Commission’s draft **Virtual Asset Service Act** and sent it to the **Legislative Yuan** for review. If you follow crypto policy or stablecoins, this matters because Taiwan is moving from an **anti–money laundering registration** regime toward a **licensing** regime for service providers. This post is a **status briefing** for readers who do not follow Mandarin news daily. It is **not** legal advice.
+
+<!-- more -->
+
+## Cabinet approval is not “the law is live”
+
+The document that passed the cabinet is **draft legislation**. The next steps are committee review, party negotiations, and possible amendments on the floor. The law only binds the public after **three readings**, promulgation, and an announced **effective date**. Headlines about maximum prison terms describe **draft criminal provisions** aimed at fraud, manipulation, and unlicensed activity. Always check the **final** text after the legislature finishes.
+
+## What the published structure says
+
+Official **summary materials** (as distributed with the cabinet decision) describe **56** articles, including:
+
+- **General provisions**: purpose, regulator, definitions, sandbox-style experiments, and international cooperation (Articles **1–5**).
+- **Virtual asset service providers**: licensing, business scope, corporate form, capital, and conduct rules (Articles **6–28**).
+- **Industry association** (Articles **29–33**).
+- **Stablecoins**: issuance, reserves, and trading consent (Articles **34–41**).
+- **Supervision and enforcement**: market-abuse prohibitions, inspections, and exit rules (Articles **42–46**).
+- **Penalties** (Articles **47–54**).
+- **Transition** from AML registration to licensing and **commencement** (Articles **55–56**).
+
+The draft explicitly frames a **transition period** for existing AML-registered VASPs and financial institutions already active in the space.
+
+## How “virtual assets” are framed
+
+The draft spends real effort defining **virtual assets** and distinguishing **NFTs** and similar instruments from what the act treats as in-scope assets. Whether a token falls under the act depends on the statutory definition and **case-by-case** supervisory judgment, not on a colloquial label in a news article.
+
+## Why stablecoins get their own chapter
+
+Articles **34–41** address **stablecoins** (pegged arrangements, issuance, and interaction with trading platforms). That matters internationally because many jurisdictions are updating stablecoin rules alongside broader crypto frameworks. Taiwan’s draft should be read alongside its own central bank and banking law, not simply mapped to the EU’s **MiCA** or U.S. federal bills.
+
+## Criminal penalties (draft text)
+
+The following numbers come from the **draft articles** published with the cabinet package, as reproduced in official summary PDFs:
+
+- **Article 47**: Certain **fraud or market manipulation** offenses carry **three to ten years** of imprisonment and fines from **NT$10 million to NT$200 million**, with additional rules for self-reports and cooperation.
+- **Article 48**: Operating without required **licenses** (including certain stablecoin issuance scenarios) can carry up to **seven years** of imprisonment and fines up to **NT$100 million**, with corporate liability.
+
+Other articles cover **custody violations**, **false filings**, and lighter offenses. Read the full text for complete elements of each crime.
+
+## Who speaks at public hearings
+
+Outside Taiwan, readers often imagine **NGO-led** advocacy. In this policy area, Taiwan’s public record includes **government agencies** (for example the **FSC**, **Central Bank**, and **Ministry of Justice**) and **industry associations** such as the **Taiwan Virtual Asset Anti-Money Laundering Association** and the **National Virtual Asset Service Industry Association** (names may appear in Mandarin in official records). These are **not** the same as human-rights or consumer NGOs unless they appear by name in the **Legislative Yuan** hearing roster. When writing or reading coverage, treat **trade associations** as **industry stakeholders**, not as generic “civil society” without explanation.
+
+## Self-custody and ordinary users
+
+Using a **non-custodial wallet** or moving assets on-chain is **not automatically** the same as running a regulated **virtual asset service business**. The draft targets **commercial service providers** and **stablecoin issuers** that take customer assets or operate platforms under the statute’s definitions. If you are unsure how an activity is classified, ask a qualified professional in Taiwan. This article does **not** classify individual cases.
+
+## Why the Anoni.net community cares
+
+We promote **Tor**, **Tails**, and **OONI** and think about **payments and identity** as privacy problems. Clearer VASP rules change the landscape for **regulated exchanges versus on-chain self-custody**. Understanding the bill’s progress helps communities discuss **privacy, anti-fraud enforcement, and compliance** with a shared vocabulary.
+
+## Primary sources
+
+- **Executive Yuan**: PDF of the draft **Virtual Asset Service Act** (search the cabinet news item dated **2 April 2026** for the attachment).
+- **Legislative Yuan**: [ly.gov.tw](https://www.ly.gov.tw/){target="_blank"} for hearing schedules and verbatim records.
+- **Secondary media**: [BlockTempo summary](https://www.blocktempo.com/taiwan-virtual-asset-service-act-passes-cabinet-56-articles-stablecoin-fraud-penalty/){target="_blank"} (useful context; verify against the PDF).
+
+If you have a **direct link** to a hearing roster or written comment that names additional organizations, we can update the stakeholder section to match the official record.

docs/zh-CN/blog/posts/2026-taiwan-vasp-draft-cabinet.md

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+---
+date: 2026-04-03
+authors:
+    - toomore
+categories:
+    - 更新
+slug: taiwan-vasp-draft-cabinet
+image: "assets/images/post-update.png"
+summary: "行政院通过《虚拟资产服务法》草案送立法院：许可制、稳定币专章、刑事罚则与过渡期，以及谁在公听会里发声。"
+description: "整理 2026 年 4 月行政院院会通过之 VASP 草案重点、与立法院审议的下一步，并区分业界公协会与传统 NGO 在公开程序中的角色。"
+---
+
+# 《虚拟资产服务法》草案：行政院通过了什么，还差什么
+
+![政策与时事](./assets/images/post-update.png){style="border-radius: 10px;box-shadow:1px 1px 0.6rem #00aeff;"}
+
+2026 年 4 月 2 日，行政院第 3996 次会议通过金融监督管理委员会拟具的《虚拟资产服务法》草案，将函请立法院审议。对关心加密资产与支付工具的人来说，这代表台湾从反洗钱框架下的 **登记制**，要往 **许可制** 再跨一大步。下面整理草案在公开整理本里写得清楚的部分，并说明「通过院会」和「法律上路」中间还隔着立法院。
+
+本文是信息整理与公共讨论用途，**不是** 法律意见。具体要件与刑度请以未来三读条文与子法为准。
+
+<!-- more -->
+
+## 通过行政院，还不是生效的法律
+
+院会通过的是 **草案**，下一步是立法院审查、朝野协商与可能的条文修正。通过三读、公布施行日期后，对一般人才有完整的法律效果。媒体标题若写「最重判几年」，通常是把草案里的 **刑事责任条文** 拿出来讨论，读者仍要分辨：那是立法者打算吓阻哪些行为，以及最后条文是否照案通过。
+
+一手文本可从行政院公布的整理本取得，文件名与链接以行政院网站为准（搜索「虚拟资产服务法」草案法条 PDF 即可找到）。
+
+## 草案在架构上谈什么
+
+依行政院整理本 **总说明**，草案共 **56** 条，架构大致包含：
+
+- **总则**：立法目的、主管机关、定义、创新实验与国际合作（草案第 1 条至第 5 条）。
+- **虚拟资产服务商**：业务种类、许可、专兼营、组织与资本等（第 6 条至第 28 条）。
+- **同业公会**（第 29 条至第 33 条）。
+- **稳定币**：发行、同意交易与发行人管理（第 34 条至第 41 条）。
+- **管理与监督**：欺诈与操纵之禁止、检查与退场等（第 42 条至第 46 条）。
+- **罚则**（第 47 条至第 54 条）。
+- **过渡条款与施行日**（第 55 条、第 56 条）。
+
+总说明也写明：现行反洗钱 **登记制** 将改为本法 **许可制**，并给予过渡期间，让既有业者与已办业务的金融机构可以转换。
+
+## 「虚拟资产」与排除项目
+
+草案与说明花了不少篇幅定义 **虚拟资产**，并处理 **非同质化代币（NFT）** 等是否纳入监管的边界。整理本指出，个案是否属于本法所称虚拟资产，要看法条定义与主管机关就个案认定，而不是只看媒体上的通称。这点对创作者与交易平台读规则时特别重要。
+
+## 稳定币专章为何受瞩目
+
+草案第 34 条至第 41 条处理 **稳定币** 的发行、与法定货币联动的准备，以及与 **交易** 的同意机制等。政策论述上，这一段是在处理「链上支付媒介」与金融秩序、准备金与央行角色之间的关系。细节涉及技术与会计，正式实施后还会靠子法与主管机关函释补齐，本文不逐条抄写。
+
+## 罚则：草案写了哪些刑度
+
+以下直接依 **行政院整理本条文** 转述，方便读者核对。
+
+- **第 47 条**：违反第 42 条第 1 项或第 4 项规定者，也就是涉及 **虚拟资产欺诈或操纵** 等，处 **三年以上十年以下** 有期徒刑，得并科新台币 **一千万元以上二亿元以下** 罚金。说明理由连结到证券交易法与期货交易法的类比，以及民事与行政手段不足时的吓阻需求。
+- **第 48 条**：违反第 7 条第 1 项、第 3 项或 **第 34 条第 1 项**（未依规定取得许可而经营或发行稳定币等情形，请以条文全文为准），处 **七年以下** 有期徒刑，得并科新台币 **一亿元以下** 罚金，并有法人连带处罚的设计。
+
+其他条次还包括 **客户资产保管**、**申请资料不实** 等态样，刑度较轻或属行政秩序罚者，请读整理本全文。
+
+## 立法院公听会里，谁在发声
+
+在「公民团体」这个词上，台湾这几年讨论 VASP 时，公开媒体与公听会较常出现的是 **业界公协会** 与 **政府部门**，和人权或消费者保护领域常见的 **NGO** 不一定是同一批人。写文章或读新闻时，建议先分类，再把名单对回 **立法院公听会纪录** 或 **书面意见**，避免把「同业公会」直接说成广义「公民团体」而没有注解。
+
+依公开报导与立法院议程，**第 11 届第 3 会期** 财政委员会曾就「虚拟资产服务法」召开公听会（例如 114 年 6 月 12 日场次，实际时间与文号以立法院公告为准）。媒体曾引述的单位包括 **金融监督管理委员会**、**中央银行**、**法务部** 等部会，以及 **台湾虚拟资产反洗钱协会**、**中华民国虚拟资产服务商业同业公会** 等。这里只作 **例示**：谁实际登记发言、书面意见写了什么，仍要以立法院公布的 **发言名单与纪录** 为准。若在纪录里找不到某个传统 NGO 的名称，就不宜在文章里暗示他们一定有参与。
+
+## 和「自己保管钱包」的距离
+
+许多读者使用 **自管钱包** 或在链上转移资产，未必等于经营草案所称的 **虚拟资产服务业**。专法主要对准 **对外提供服务、收受客户资产或办理交易** 的业者与 **稳定币发行**。一般读者在理解新闻时，可以先把「我是不是在经营一种须许可的事业」当成问题意识，再决定要不要咨询专业。本文不代为认定个案。
+
+## 为什么匿名网络社群会谈这个
+
+我们平常推广 Tor、Tails、OONI 等工具，也关心 **支付与身份** 如何暴露行踪。台湾若出现更清楚的 VASP 边界与执法工具，会改变业者与使用者在 **合规交易所／链上自管** 之间的选择结构。把法案进度写清楚，有助于社群在 **隐私、反诈与法遵** 之间找到可讨论的共通语言。
+
+## 参考链接
+
+- [BlockTempo：行政院通过草案的媒体整理](https://www.blocktempo.com/taiwan-virtual-asset-service-act-passes-cabinet-56-articles-stablecoin-fraud-penalty/){target="_blank"}（二手报导，条号请回对政府文本）
+- 行政院：**《虚拟资产服务法》草案** 法条与总说明 PDF（请自行政院「讨论通过」新闻附件下载）
+- [立法院全球信息网](https://www.ly.gov.tw/){target="_blank"}：公听会与审查进度
+
+---
+
+若你对某条文或过渡期实务有第一手的公听会纪录链接，欢迎在社群渠道补充，我们可以再改写这篇的「利害关系人」小节，让名单更贴近公开纪录。