🌍 ClimaFactsKG - An Interlinked Knowledge Graph of Scientific Evidence to Fight Climate Misinformation
ClimaFactsKG is a knowledge graph designed to combat pervasive climate misinformation by linking 253 common climate myths — available in 28 languages — with scientific corrections and peer-reviewed evidence. ClimaFactsKG is integrated with CimpleKG.
Despite the overwhelming scientific evidence supporting the impact of humans on the environment, climate misinformation remains pervasive. This persistent spread of falsehoods is often achieved through the misrepresentation of scientific evidence and the promotion of pseudoscientific narratives that hinder effective climate action. To combat this issue, we introduce ClimaFactsKG, a knowledge graph that links common climate change denial narratives with scientific corrections. ClimaFactsKG covers 253 unique climate myths (with 1,589 sc:ClaimReview entries spanning 28 languages) and links them to 1,205 peer-reviewed sc:ScholarlyArticle references drawn from the Skeptical Science literature database. A key feature of ClimaFactsKG is its strategic integration with CimpleKG, one of the largest existing misinformation knowledge graphs. This connection allows the interlinking of scientific corrections and climate claims found in CimpleKG and significantly enhances the utility of ClimaFactsKG. By providing a structured and interlinked repository of climate change myths and their scientific rebuttals, ClimaFactsKG offers a valuable resource for researchers studying climate misinformation, fact-checkers seeking reliable counter-evidence, and educators aiming to improve climate literacy.
ClimaFactsKG uses sc:ClaimReview from the Schema.org vocabulary to represent claims and scientific corrections collected from the Skeptical Science website.
The categorisation of misinforming climate claims is based on the CARDS taxonomy. CARDS is used to connect sc:ClaimReview between ClimaFactsKG and CimpleKG.
ClimaFactsKG also integrates the scientific references cited in Skeptical Science articles as structured sc:ScholarlyArticle nodes, linking them back to the sc:ClaimReview entries that cite them.
The ClimaFactsKG namespace is: https://purl.net/climatesense/climafactskg/ns#.
ClimaFactsKG commonly uses the following namespaces and prefixes:
The main mappings used to represent the Skeptical Science data in ClimaFactsKG are listed in the following table:
| SkS Article Section | Mapping | Example Text from SkS Article | |
|---|---|---|---|
| URL | → | sc:ClaimReview / sc:url |
https://skepticalscience.com/global-cooling.htm |
| What the science says... | → | sc:reviewRating / sc:Rating / sc:ratingExplanation |
All the indicators show that global warming is still happening. |
| At a glance | → | sc:abstract |
Earth's surface, oceans and (...). |
| Climate Myth... | → | sc:claimReviewed / sc:Claim / sc:text |
It's cooling "In fact global warming has stopped and a cooling is beginning (...). |
| Last updated on (...) | → | sc:dateCreated |
4 June 2024. |
| by (...) | → | sc:author / sc:Person |
John Mason. |
<meta name="description"/> |
→ | sc:description |
Empirical measurements of (...). |
<meta name="keywords"/> |
→ | sc:keywords |
global warming, skeptics, skepticism (...). |
<title/> |
→ | sc:name |
Global cooling - Is global warming still happening? |
| Main content | → | sc:reviewBody , sc:text |
Earth's surface, oceans and atmosphere are all warming due to (...). |
| Difficulty level (basic / intermediate / advanced) | → | sc:educationalLevel |
"basic" — level-variant ClaimReview nodes also carry rdfs:seeAlso pointing to the canonical-URL ClaimReview |
| Related Argument | → | seeAlso |
https://skepticalscience.com/global-cooling-january-2007-to-january-2008.htm |
| source: (...) | → | sc:citation |
https://wattsupwiththat.wordpress.com/2008/02/19/january-2008-4-sources-say-globally-cooler-in-the-past-12-months/ |
Scholarly references cited in Skeptical Science articles are extracted from the SkS glossary and mapped to structured RDF using Schema.org as the primary vocabulary, supplemented by BIBO and CiTO:
| Reference Field | Mapping | |
|---|---|---|
| Citation key | → | sc:ScholarlyArticle URI + sc:alternateName |
| Title | → | sc:name |
| Authors | → | sc:author / sc:Person / sc:name (one node per author) |
| Year | → | sc:datePublished |
| DOI | → | sc:sameAs (URI), sc:identifier / sc:PropertyValue, bibo:doi |
| URL | → | sc:url |
| Journal | → | sc:isPartOf / sc:Periodical + bibo:Journal |
| Volume | → | sc:isPartOf / sc:PublicationVolume + bibo:volume |
| Issue | → | sc:isPartOf / sc:PublicationIssue + bibo:issue |
| Pages | → | sc:pagination, sc:pageStart, sc:pageEnd, bibo:pageStart, bibo:pageEnd |
| Alt keys | → | sc:alternateName (additional matching terms) |
Citation links between sc:ClaimReview articles and sc:ScholarlyArticle references are generated using keyword matching and represented as sc:citation and cito:cites triples.
The following table shows the main entity and triple counts in the current ClimaFactsKG release:
| Entity / Relationship | Count |
|---|---|
sc:ClaimReview nodes |
1,589 |
sc:Claim nodes (unique myths) |
253 |
sc:ScholarlyArticle / bibo:AcademicArticle nodes |
1,205 |
sc:Periodical / bibo:Journal nodes |
420 |
sc:Person nodes (article authors) |
4,586 |
sc:citation triples (source links) |
982 |
cito:cites triples (scholarly links) |
485 |
| Total RDF triples | 79,458 |
The data and source code releases can be found on the releases page.
ClimaFactsKG has a simple CLI interface that be accessed using the climafactskg command. The command line interface can be used for serving ClimaFactsKG (after downloading or generating the RDF file).
Usage: climafactskg [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]...
🌍 ClimaFactsKG - An Interlinked Knowledge Graph of Scientific Evidence to Fight Climate Misinformation
╭─ Options ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ --version -v Show the installed climafactskg version. │
│ --help Show this message and exit. │
╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
╭─ Commands ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ collect Collect data for the ClimaFactsKG knowledge graph. │
│ process Process collected data and store it in the knowledge graph. │
│ build Build the ClimaFactsKG knowledge graph. │
│ classify Classify text using CARDS. │
│ serve Create a SPARQL endpoint for serving a knowledge graph. │
│ export Export a Preserve database to a JSON file. │
╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
ClimaFactsKG source code is released under the MIT license, whereas the knowledge graph is released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0) license.
Burel, Grégoire and Alani, Harith (2025). ClimaFactsKG: Towards an Interlinked Knowledge Graph of Scientific Evidence to Fight Climate Misinformation. In: 5th International Workshop on Scientific Knowledge: Representation, Discovery, and Assessment, Nov 2025, Nara, Japan.
@inproceedings{Burel2025ClimaFactsKG,
author = {Burel, Gr{\'e}goire and Alani, Harith},
title = {{ClimaFactsKG}: Towards an Interlinked Knowledge Graph of Scientific Evidence to Fight Climate Misinformation},
booktitle = {5th International Workshop on Scientific Knowledge: Representation, Discovery, and Assessment (Sci-K 2025)},
series = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Scientific Knowledge},
editor = {TBD}, % Editors of the workshop proceedings
publisher = {CEUR-WS}, % Common publisher for ISWC workshops
month = {November},
year = {2025},
address = {Nara, Japan},
note = {Co-located with ISWC 2025}
}