Refactor: Enforce DRY/SOLID in Math Explorer

[fderuiter]

This PR refactors several modules in math_explorer to adhere to DRY and SOLID principles.

1. Clinical Trials: Removed unwrap() in simple_randomization (deprecated wrapper), replacing it with expect for better safety/documentation.
2. ODE / Epidemiology: Created impl_vector_ops! macro in ode.rs and applied it to SIRState and SEIRState in compartmental.rs, removing repetitive manual implementation of arithmetic traits.
3. AI / Climate:
   • Defined ActivationFunction trait in ai/activations.rs.
   • Implemented ReLU, LeakyReLU, Sigmoid, Tanh.
   • Refactored Predictor, Encoder, Decoder, and Autoencoder to be generic over A: ActivationFunction<f32>.
   • Added type aliases (Autoencoder, Encoder, etc.) defaulting to LeakyReLU to ensure backward compatibility with existing code (e.g., Cera).
   • Removed hardcoded leaky_relu usage in models.

All tests passed.

---

PR created automatically by Jules for task 17486821741747226782 started by @fderuiter

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[fderuiter]

Run cargo fmt -- --check
Diff in /home/runner/work/math/math/math_explorer/src/climate/autoencoder.rs:104:
}

impl<A: ActivationFunction> DecoderGeneric {

• pub fn new_with_activation(

•    latent_channels: usize,
  

•    out_channels: usize,
  

•    activation: A,
  

• ) -> Self {

• pub fn new_with_activation(latent_channels: usize, out_channels: usize, activation: A) -> Self {
  let layers = vec![
  ConvLayer::new(latent_channels, 64),
  ConvLayer::new(64, 64),
  Diff in /home/runner/work/math/math/math_explorer/src/climate/autoencoder.rs:149:
  }

impl<A: ActivationFunction + Clone> AutoencoderGeneric {

• pub fn new_with_activation(

•    in_channels: usize,
  

•    latent_channels: usize,
  

•    activation: A,
  

• ) -> Self {

•    let encoder = EncoderGeneric::new_with_activation(in_channels, latent_channels, activation.clone());
  

• pub fn new_with_activation(in_channels: usize, latent_channels: usize, activation: A) -> Self {

•    let encoder =
  

•        EncoderGeneric::new_with_activation(in_channels, latent_channels, activation.clone());
     let decoder = DecoderGeneric::new_with_activation(latent_channels, in_channels, activation);
     Self { encoder, decoder }
  

  }
  Diff in /home/runner/work/math/math/math_explorer/src/climate/autoencoder.rs:191:
  assert_eq!(reconstruction.nrows(), n_samples);
  assert_eq!(reconstruction.ncols(), in_channels);
  }

}

Error: Process completed with exit code 1.

[google-labs-jules]

Run cargo fmt -- --check
Diff in /home/runner/work/math/math/math_explorer/src/climate/autoencoder.rs:104:
}

impl<A: ActivationFunction> DecoderGeneric {

• pub fn new_with_activation(

•    latent_channels: usize,
  

•    out_channels: usize,
  

•    activation: A,
  

• ) -> Self {

• pub fn new_with_activation(latent_channels: usize, out_channels: usize, activation: A) -> Self {
  let layers = vec![
  ConvLayer::new(latent_channels, 64),
  ConvLayer::new(64, 64),
  Diff in /home/runner/work/math/math/math_explorer/src/climate/autoencoder.rs:149:
  }

impl<A: ActivationFunction + Clone> AutoencoderGeneric {

• pub fn new_with_activation(

•    in_channels: usize,
  

•    latent_channels: usize,
  

•    activation: A,
  

• ) -> Self {

•    let encoder = EncoderGeneric::new_with_activation(in_channels, latent_channels, activation.clone());
  

• pub fn new_with_activation(in_channels: usize, latent_channels: usize, activation: A) -> Self {

•    let encoder =
  

•        EncoderGeneric::new_with_activation(in_channels, latent_channels, activation.clone());
     let decoder = DecoderGeneric::new_with_activation(latent_channels, in_channels, activation);
     Self { encoder, decoder }
  

  }
  Diff in /home/runner/work/math/math/math_explorer/src/climate/autoencoder.rs:191:
  assert_eq!(reconstruction.nrows(), n_samples);
  assert_eq!(reconstruction.ncols(), in_channels);
  }

}

Error: Process completed with exit code 1.

I have run cargo fmt to fix the formatting issues.