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Login: chart-diff: ✅No charts for review.data-diff: ❌ Found differences~ Dataset garden/demography/2023-03-31/population
+ + - name: CC BY 3.0 IGO
+ + url: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
~ Table population (changed metadata)
- - World Population Prospects 2022 is the 27th edition of the official estimates and projections of the global population that have been published by the United Nations since 1951. The estimates are based on all available sources of data on population size and levels of fertility, mortality, and international migration for 237 countries or areas. More details at https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/.
+ + World Population Prospects 2022 is the 27th edition of the official estimates and projections of the global population that have been published by the United Nations since 1951. The estimates are based on all available sources of data on population size and levels of fertility, mortality and international migration for 237 countries or areas. More details at https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/.
- - attribution: null
+ + attribution: United Nations - World Population Prospects (2022)
- - version_producer: '2022'
+ + version_producer: null
- - url: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
+ + url: https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/
~ Column population (changed metadata)
+ + - name: CC BY 3.0 IGO
+ + url: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
~ Column world_pop_share (changed metadata)
+ + - name: CC BY 3.0 IGO
+ + url: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
~ Table population_original (changed metadata)
- - World Population Prospects 2022 is the 27th edition of the official estimates and projections of the global population that have been published by the United Nations since 1951. The estimates are based on all available sources of data on population size and levels of fertility, mortality, and international migration for 237 countries or areas. More details at https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/.
+ + World Population Prospects 2022 is the 27th edition of the official estimates and projections of the global population that have been published by the United Nations since 1951. The estimates are based on all available sources of data on population size and levels of fertility, mortality and international migration for 237 countries or areas. More details at https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/.
- - attribution: null
+ + attribution: United Nations - World Population Prospects (2022)
- - version_producer: '2022'
+ + version_producer: null
- - url: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
+ + url: https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/
~ Column population (changed metadata)
+ + - name: CC BY 3.0 IGO
+ + url: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
~ Column world_pop_share (changed metadata)
+ + - name: CC BY 3.0 IGO
+ + url: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
~ Dataset garden/gapminder/2023-03-31/population
+ + sources:
+ + - name: Gapminder (2022)
+ + url: https://gapm.io/dl_popv7
+ + date_accessed: '2023-03-31'
+ + publication_date: '2022-10-19'
+ + publication_year: 2022
+ + published_by: Gapminder, Population (v7) 2022
+ + licenses:
+ + - name: Creative Commons BY 4.0
+ + url: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1-RmthhS2EPMK_HIpnPctcXpB0n7ADSWnXa5Hb3PxNq4/edit?usp=sharing
= Table population
= Dataset garden/ggdc/2024-04-26/maddison_project_database
= Table maddison_project_database
~ Column gdp_per_capita (changed metadata)
+ + $schema: https://files.ourworldindata.org/schemas/grapher-schema.008.json
= Dataset garden/growth/2025-01-16/gdppc_vs_living_conditions
= Table gdppc_vs_living_conditions
~ Column access_to_electricity (changed metadata)
- - ### Aggregation method:
- - Population-weighted average
- -
- - Methodology: The World Bank’s Global Electrification Database (GED) compiles nationally representative household survey data, and occasionally census data, from sources going back as far as 1990. The database also incorporates data from the Socio-Economic Database for Latin America and the Caribbean (SEDLAC), Middle East and North Africa Poverty Database (MNAPOV) and the Europe and Central Asia Poverty Database (ECAPOV), which are based on similar surveys. At the time of this analysis, the GED contained 1,375 surveys for 149 countries in 1990-2021.
+ + The World Bank’s Global Electrification Database (GED) compiles nationally representative household survey data, and occasionally census data, from sources going back as far as 1990. The database also incorporates data from the Socio-Economic Database for Latin America and the Caribbean (SEDLAC), Middle East and North Africa Poverty Database (MNAPOV) and the Europe and Central Asia Poverty Database (ECAPOV), which are based on similar surveys. At the time of this analysis, the GED contained 1,375 surveys for 149 countries in 1990-2021.
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~ Column gdp_per_capita (changed metadata)
+ + GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the country plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2017 international dollars.
- - This indicator provides values for gross domestic product (GDP) expressed in constant international dollars, converted by purchasing power parities (PPPs). PPPs account for the different price levels across countries and thus PPP-based comparisons of economic output are more appropriate for comparing the output of economies and the average material well-being of their inhabitants than exchange-rate based comparisons.
- -
- - Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. The core indicator has been divided by the general population to achieve a per capita estimate. This indicator is expressed in constant prices, meaning the series has been adjusted to account for price changes over time. The reference year for this adjustment is 2021. The PPP conversion factor is a currency conversion factor and a spatial price deflator. PPPs convert different currencies to a common currency and, in the process of conversion, equalize their purchasing power by eliminating the differences in price levels between countries, thereby allowing volume or output comparisons of GDP and its expenditure components.
- -
- - ### Aggregation method:
- - Weighted average
+ + For the concept and methodology of 2017 PPP, please refer to the International Comparison Program (ICP)’s website (https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/icp).
- - Methodology: The International Comparison Program (ICP) estimates PPPs for the world’s countries. The ICP is conducted as a global partnership of countries, multilateral agencies, and academia. The recent 2021 ICP comparison covered 176 countries, including 49 Eurostat-OECD countries. For countries that have not participated in ICP comparisons, the PPP are imputed based on a regression model. ICP estimated PPPs cover years from 2011 to 2021. WDI extrapolates 2011 PPPs for years earlier years, and 2021 PPPs for later years. For the member countries of Eurostat-OECD PPP Programme, PPP conversion factors are periodically updated based on the organizations’ databases.
- -
- - National accounts are compiled in accordance with international standards: System of National Accounts, 2008 or 1993 versions. Specific information on how countries compile their national accounts can be found on the IMF website: https://dsbb.imf.org/ Linked series have been smoothed to remove breaks resulting from changes in base years, data sources or compilation methods. The linking is performed using historical nominal growth rates from archived WDI databases.
- -
- - Statistical concept(s): PPPs are primarily used to convert the national accounts data of economies, such as GDP and its expenditure components, into a common currency. In the process of conversion, they control for differences in the price levels of economies, and thus equalize purchasing power. PPP-based comparisons of economic output differ from market exchange rate-based comparisons as the latter do not distinguish between the relative price levels of different items in economies. Overall price levels are normally higher in higher-income economies than they are in lower-income economies (Balassa-Samuelson effect), mostly because of the large differences in price levels for non-traded products. If no account is taken of the larger price level differences for non-traded products when converting GDP to a common currency, the size of higher-income economies with high price levels will be overstated and the size of lower-income economies with low price levels will be understated. No distinction is made between traded products and non-traded products when market exchange rates are used to convert GDP to a common currency: the rate is the same for all products. PPP-converted GDP does not have this bias because PPPs account for the different price levels of traded products and non-traded products. Thus, PPPs are more appropriate for comparing the output of economies and the average material well-being of their inhabitants and are also less impacted by the potential volatility of market exchange rates. PPPs are calculated by the International Comparison Program (ICP) based on the prices of goods and services within an economy and national accounts expenditures.
- -
- - The conceptual elements of the SNA (System of National Accounts) measure what takes place in the economy, between which agents, and for what purpose. At the heart of the SNA is the production of goods and services. These may be used for consumption in the period to which the accounts relate or may be accumulated for use in a later period. In simple terms, the amount of value added generated by production represents GDP. The income corresponding to GDP is distributed to the various agents or groups of agents as income and it is the process of distributing and redistributing income that allows one agent to consume the goods and services produced by another agent or to acquire goods and services for later consumption. The way in which the SNA captures this pattern of economic flows is to identify the activities concerned by recognizing the institutional units in the economy and by specifying the structure of accounts capturing the transactions relevant to one stage or another of the process by which goods and services are produced and ultimately consumed.
- -
- - ### Development relevance:
- - PPPs are used to convert national accounts data from different countries, such as GDP and its expenditure components, into a common currency, while also eliminating the effect of price level differences between countries. PPPs are also used to derive price level indexes (PLIs), the ratio of a country’s PPP to its market exchange rate, to directly compare price levels across countries.
- - The PPP-based expenditures to which they give rise are primarily used to make spatial comparisons of volume and per capita consumption or levels of GDP and its expenditure components across countries. PPP-based indicators are used for national, regional, and global policy making and analysis across the socioeconomic spectrum from poverty and inequality, to health and education, to energy and climate, through to economic growth, labor, productivity, trade, competitiveness, and infrastructure. A number of Sustainable Development Goals use PPP-based indicators to measure development progress.
- -
- - This indicator is related to the national accounts, which are critical for understanding and managing a country's economy. They provide a framework for the analysis of economic performance. National accounts are the basis for estimating the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross National Income (GNI), which are the most widely used indicator of economic performance. They are essential for government policymakers, providing the data needed to design and assess fiscal and monetary policies; and are also used by businesses and investors to assess the economic climate and make investment decisions. NAS enable comparison between economies, which is crucial for international trade, investment decisions, and economic competitiveness. More specifically, this indicator is related to national accounts aggregates. Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross National Income (GNI), and other aggregates provide a snapshot of the size and health of an economy by measuring the total economic activity within a country. They can thus be used by policymakers to design and implement economic policies, as they reflect the overall economic performance and can indicate the need for intervention in certain areas. Aggregates also allow for comparisons between different economies, which can be useful for trade negotiations, investment decisions, and economic benchmarking. By examining aggregates over time, economists and analysts can identify trends, cycles, and potential areas of concern within an economy, and investors can use national accounts aggregates to assess the potential risks and returns of investing in a particular country. Overall, national accounts aggregates are fundamental tools for economic analysis, policy formulation, and decision-making at both the national and international levels.
~ Column mean_income (changed metadata)
- - This data shows the mean (average) income or consumption per person. Because incomes are unevenly distributed, with a small number of people on very high incomes, the mean is typically higher than what most people have. To see the income of a typical person, you can look at the median income instead. We discuss how incomes are distributed in more detail on our page on [Economic Inequality](https://ourworldindata.org/economic-inequality).
+ + This data shows the mean (average) income or consumption per person. Because incomes are unevenly distributed, with a small number of people on very high incomes, the mean is typically higher than what most people have. To see the income of a typical person, you can look at the median income instead. We discuss how incomes are distributed in more detail on our page on (https://ourworldindata.org/economic-inequality).
- - The data comes from the World Bank's Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP), which draws on national household surveys. Depending on the country and year, the data refers either to income (after taxes and benefits) or to consumption, (#dod:per-capita). These are not perfectly comparable — consumption tends to be more evenly distributed than income. This chart shows the data with income and consumption measures separately.
+ + The data comes from the World Bank's Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP), which draws on national household surveys. Depending on the country and year, the data refers either to income (after taxes and benefits) or to consumption, (#dod:per-capita). These are not perfectly comparable — consumption tends to be more evenly distributed than income. Comparability can also break _within_ either measure when survey methods or measurement change over time. This chart shows each comparable series separately.
~ Column median_income (changed metadata)
- - This data shows the median income or consumption per person — the level below which half the population falls. Unlike the mean, the median is not pulled up by the incomes of the richest, so it better reflects what a typical person has. We discuss how incomes are distributed in more detail on our page on [Economic Inequality](https://ourworldindata.org/economic-inequality).
+ + This data shows the median income or consumption per person — the level below which half the population falls. Unlike the mean, the median is not pulled up by the incomes of the richest, so it better reflects what a typical person has. We discuss how incomes are distributed in more detail on our page on (https://ourworldindata.org/economic-inequality).
- - The data comes from the World Bank's Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP), which draws on national household surveys. Depending on the country and year, the data refers either to income (after taxes and benefits) or to consumption, (#dod:per-capita). These are not perfectly comparable — consumption tends to be more evenly distributed than income. This chart shows the data with income and consumption measures separately.
+ + The data comes from the World Bank's Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP), which draws on national household surveys. Depending on the country and year, the data refers either to income (after taxes and benefits) or to consumption, (#dod:per-capita). These are not perfectly comparable — consumption tends to be more evenly distributed than income. Comparability can also break _within_ either measure when survey methods or measurement change over time. This chart shows each comparable series separately.
~ Column physicians_per_1000_people (changed metadata)
- - ### Aggregation method:
- - Weighted average
- -
- - ### Statistical concept and methodology:
- - Methodology: National focal points share the data with WHO through the online NHWA data platform. The platform hosted in WHO, is built to facilitate data reporting on the indicators listed in the NHWA Handbook and data sharing across all the 3 levels of WHO.
- -
- - Statistical concept(s): Health systems - the combined arrangements of institutions and actions whose primary purpose is to promote, restore, or maintain health (World Health Organization, World Health Report 2000) - are increasingly being recognized as key to combating disease and improving the health status of populations. The World Bank's Healthy Development: Strategy for Health, Nutrition, and Population Results emphasizes the need to strengthen health systems, which are weak in many countries, in order to increase the effectiveness of programs aimed at reducing specific diseases and further reduce morbidity and mortality. To evaluate health systems, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended that key components - such as financing, service delivery, workforce, governance, and information - be monitored using several key indicators. The data are a subset of the key indicators. Monitoring health systems allows the effectiveness, efficiency, and equity of different health system models to be compared. Health system data also help identify weaknesses and strengths and areas that need investment, such as additional health facilities, better health information systems, or better trained human resources.
- -
- - Data on health worker (physicians, nurses and midwives, and community health workers) density show the availability of medical personnel.
- -
- - ### Development relevance:
- - The WHO estimates that at least 2.5 medical staff (physicians, nurses and midwives) per 1,000 people are needed to provide adequate coverage with primary care interventions (WHO, World Health Report 2006).
- -
- - ### Other notes:
- - This is the Sustainable Development Goal indicator 3.c.1 .
+ + ### Statistical concept and methodology:
+ + Health systems - the combined arrangements of institutions and actions whose primary purpose is to promote, restore, or maintain health (World Health Organization, World Health Report 2000) - are increasingly being recognized as key to combating disease and improving the health status of populations. The World Bank's Healthy Development: Strategy for Health, Nutrition, and Population Results emphasizes the need to strengthen health systems, which are weak in many countries, in order to increase the effectiveness of programs aimed at reducing specific diseases and further reduce morbidity and mortality. To evaluate health systems, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended that key components - such as financing, service delivery, workforce, governance, and information - be monitored using several key indicators. The data are a subset of the key indicators. Monitoring health systems allows the effectiveness, efficiency, and equity of different health system models to be compared. Health system data also help identify weaknesses and strengths and areas that need investment, such as additional health facilities, better health information systems, or better trained human resources.
+ +
+ + Data on health worker (physicians, nurses and midwives, and community health workers) density show the availability of medical personnel.
= Dataset garden/lis/2026-03-16/luxembourg_income_study
= Table inequality
~ Column gini (changed metadata)
- - Incomes are distributed very unequally, both between countries and within them. The Gini coefficient is a common measure of inequality, which summarizes the distribution and expresses it in terms of a number from 0 to 1. Higher values indicate higher inequality. We explain how it works in our article [Measuring inequality: what is the Gini coefficient?](https://ourworldindata.org/what-is-the-gini-coefficient), and discuss income inequality more broadly on our page on [Economic Inequality](https://ourworldindata.org/economic-inequality).
+ + Incomes are distributed very unequally, both between countries and within them. The Gini coefficient is a common measure of inequality, which summarizes the distribution and expresses it in terms of a number from 0 to 1. Higher values indicate higher inequality. We explain how it works in our article [Measuring inequality: what is the Gini coefficient?](https://ourworldindata.org/what-is-the-gini-coefficient), and discuss income inequality more broadly on our page on (https://ourworldindata.org/economic-inequality).
- - The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original microdata from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
+ + The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original data from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
- - Income has been equivalized – adjusted to account for the household size and composition, to consider the fact that people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS uses the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
+ + Income has been equivalized — adjusted to account for household size and composition, since people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS does this using the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
~ Column p50_p10_ratio (changed metadata)
- - The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original microdata from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
+ + The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original data from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
- - Income has been equivalized – adjusted to account for the household size and composition, to consider the fact that people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS uses the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
+ + Income has been equivalized — adjusted to account for household size and composition, since people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS does this using the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
~ Column p90_p10_ratio (changed metadata)
- - The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original microdata from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
+ + The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original data from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
- - Income has been equivalized – adjusted to account for the household size and composition, to consider the fact that people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS uses the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
+ + Income has been equivalized — adjusted to account for household size and composition, since people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS does this using the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
~ Column p90_p50_ratio (changed metadata)
- - The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original microdata from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
+ + The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original data from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
- - Income has been equivalized – adjusted to account for the household size and composition, to consider the fact that people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS uses the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
+ + Income has been equivalized — adjusted to account for household size and composition, since people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS does this using the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
~ Column palma_ratio (changed metadata)
- - Incomes are distributed very unequally, both between countries and within them. The Palma ratio captures this by comparing the income share of the richest 10% to that of the poorest 40%. For example, a value of 2 means the richest 10% receive twice as much as the poorest 40%. We discuss income inequality more broadly on our page on [Economic Inequality](https://ourworldindata.org/economic-inequality).
+ + Incomes are distributed very unequally, both between countries and within them. The Palma ratio captures this by comparing the income share of the richest 10% to that of the poorest 40%. For example, a value of 2 means the richest 10% receive twice as much as the poorest 40%. We discuss income inequality more broadly on our page on (https://ourworldindata.org/economic-inequality).
- - The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original microdata from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
+ + The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original data from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
- - Income has been equivalized – adjusted to account for the household size and composition, to consider the fact that people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS uses the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
+ + Income has been equivalized — adjusted to account for household size and composition, since people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS does this using the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
~ Column share_below_50pct_median (changed metadata)
- - The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original microdata from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
+ + The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original data from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
- - Income has been equivalized – adjusted to account for the household size and composition, to consider the fact that people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS uses the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
+ + Income has been equivalized — adjusted to account for household size and composition, since people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS does this using the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
~ Column share_bottom_50 (changed metadata)
- - Income has been equivalized – adjusted to account for the household size and composition, to consider the fact that people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS uses the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
+ + Income has been equivalized — adjusted to account for household size and composition, since people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS does this using the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
~ Column share_middle_40 (changed metadata)
- - The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original microdata from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
+ + The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original data from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
- - Income has been equivalized – adjusted to account for the household size and composition, to consider the fact that people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS uses the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
+ + Income has been equivalized — adjusted to account for household size and composition, since people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS does this using the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
~ Column share_top_10 (changed metadata)
- - The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original microdata from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
+ + The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original data from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
- - Income has been equivalized – adjusted to account for the household size and composition, to consider the fact that people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS uses the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
+ + Income has been equivalized — adjusted to account for household size and composition, since people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS does this using the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
= Table poverty
~ Column avg_shortfall (changed metadata)
- - This is a measure of _relative_ poverty – it captures the share of people whose income is low by the standards typical in their own country.
+ + This is a measure of _relative_ poverty — it captures the share of people whose income is low by the standards typical in their own country.
- - The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original microdata from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
+ + The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original data from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
- - Income has been equivalized – adjusted to account for the household size and composition, to consider the fact that people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS uses the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
+ + Income has been equivalized — adjusted to account for household size and composition, since people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS does this using the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
~ Column headcount (changed metadata)
- - This is a measure of _relative_ poverty – it captures the share of people whose income is low by the standards typical in their own country.
+ + This is a measure of _relative_ poverty — it captures the share of people whose income is low by the standards typical in their own country.
- - The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original microdata from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
+ + The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original data from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
- - Income has been equivalized – adjusted to account for the household size and composition, to consider the fact that people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS uses the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
+ + Income has been equivalized — adjusted to account for household size and composition, since people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS does this using the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
- - Relative poverty is measured in terms of a poverty line that rises and falls over time with average incomes – in this case set at <<poverty_line>> income. <% if welfare_type == "dhi" %>
+ + Relative poverty is measured in terms of a poverty line that rises and falls over time with average incomes — in this case set at <<poverty_line>> income. <% if welfare_type == "dhi" %>
~ Column headcount_ratio (changed metadata)
- - This is a measure of _relative_ poverty – it captures the share of people whose income is low by the standards typical in their own country.
+ + This is a measure of _relative_ poverty — it captures the share of people whose income is low by the standards typical in their own country.
- - The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original microdata from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
+ + The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original data from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
- - Income has been equivalized – adjusted to account for the household size and composition, to consider the fact that people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS uses the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
+ + Income has been equivalized — adjusted to account for household size and composition, since people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS does this using the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
- - Relative poverty is measured in terms of a poverty line that rises and falls over time with average incomes – in this case set at <<poverty_line>> income. <% if welfare_type == "dhi" %>
+ + Relative poverty is measured in terms of a poverty line that rises and falls over time with average incomes — in this case set at <<poverty_line>> income. <% if welfare_type == "dhi" %>
~ Column income_gap_ratio (changed metadata)
- - This is a measure of _relative_ poverty – it captures the share of people whose income is low by the standards typical in their own country.
+ + This is a measure of _relative_ poverty — it captures the share of people whose income is low by the standards typical in their own country.
- - The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original microdata from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
+ + The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original data from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
- - Income has been equivalized – adjusted to account for the household size and composition, to consider the fact that people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS uses the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
+ + Income has been equivalized — adjusted to account for household size and composition, since people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS does this using the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
~ Column poverty_gap_index (changed metadata)
- - This is a measure of _relative_ poverty – it captures the share of people whose income is low by the standards typical in their own country.
+ + This is a measure of _relative_ poverty — it captures the share of people whose income is low by the standards typical in their own country.
- - The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original microdata from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
+ + The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original data from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
- - Income has been equivalized – adjusted to account for the household size and composition, to consider the fact that people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS uses the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
+ + Income has been equivalized — adjusted to account for household size and composition, since people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS does this using the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
~ Column total_shortfall (changed metadata)
- - This is a measure of _relative_ poverty – it captures the share of people whose income is low by the standards typical in their own country.
+ + This is a measure of _relative_ poverty — it captures the share of people whose income is low by the standards typical in their own country.
- - The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original microdata from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
+ + The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original data from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
- - Income has been equivalized – adjusted to account for the household size and composition, to consider the fact that people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS uses the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
+ + Income has been equivalized — adjusted to account for household size and composition, since people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS does this using the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
= Table incomes
~ Column avg (changed metadata)
- - Incomes are distributed very unequally, both between countries and within them. This data lets you compare how income is distributed across the population and how those levels have changed over time. We discuss this in more detail on our page on [Economic Inequality](https://ourworldindata.org/economic-inequality).
+ + Incomes are distributed very unequally, both between countries and within them. This data lets you compare how income is distributed across the population and how those levels have changed over time. We discuss this in more detail on our page on (https://ourworldindata.org/economic-inequality).
- - The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original microdata from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
+ + The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original data from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
- - Income has been equivalized – adjusted to account for the household size and composition, to consider the fact that people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS uses the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
+ + Income has been equivalized — adjusted to account for household size and composition, since people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS does this using the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
~ Column mean (changed metadata)
- - This data shows the mean (average) income per person. Because incomes are unevenly distributed, with a small number of people on very high incomes, the mean is typically higher than what most people have. To see the income of a typical person, you can look at the median income instead. We discuss how incomes are distributed in more detail on our page on [Economic Inequality](https://ourworldindata.org/economic-inequality).
+ + This data shows the mean (average) income per person. Because incomes are unevenly distributed, with a small number of people on very high incomes, the mean is typically higher than what most people have. To see the income of a typical person, you can look at the median income instead. We discuss how incomes are distributed in more detail on our page on (https://ourworldindata.org/economic-inequality).
- - The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original microdata from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
+ + The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original data from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
- - Income has been equivalized – adjusted to account for the household size and composition, to consider the fact that people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS uses the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
+ + Income has been equivalized — adjusted to account for household size and composition, since people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS does this using the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
~ Column median (changed metadata)
- - This data shows the median income per person — the level below which half the population falls. Unlike the mean, the median is not pulled up by the incomes of the richest, so it better reflects what a typical person has. You can switch to mean income using the chart controls. We discuss how incomes are distributed in more detail on our page on [Economic Inequality](https://ourworldindata.org/economic-inequality).
+ + This data shows the median income per person — the level below which half the population falls. Unlike the mean, the median is not pulled up by the incomes of the richest, so it better reflects what a typical person has. You can switch to mean income using the chart controls. We discuss how incomes are distributed in more detail on our page on (https://ourworldindata.org/economic-inequality).
- - The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original microdata from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
+ + The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original data from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
- - Income has been equivalized – adjusted to account for the household size and composition, to consider the fact that people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS uses the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
+ + Income has been equivalized — adjusted to account for household size and composition, since people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS does this using the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
~ Column share (changed metadata)
- - Incomes are distributed very unequally, both between countries and within them. This data lets you compare how income is distributed across the population and how those levels have changed over time. We discuss this in more detail on our page on [Economic Inequality](https://ourworldindata.org/economic-inequality).
+ + Incomes are distributed very unequally, both between countries and within them. This data lets you compare how income is distributed across the population and how those levels have changed over time. We discuss this in more detail on our page on (https://ourworldindata.org/economic-inequality).
- - The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original microdata from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
+ + The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original data from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
- - Income has been equivalized – adjusted to account for the household size and composition, to consider the fact that people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS uses the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
+ + Income has been equivalized — adjusted to account for household size and composition, since people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS does this using the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
~ Column thr (changed metadata)
- - Incomes are distributed very unequally, both between countries and within them. This data lets you compare how income is distributed across the population and how those levels have changed over time. We discuss this in more detail on our page on [Economic Inequality](https://ourworldindata.org/economic-inequality).
+ + Incomes are distributed very unequally, both between countries and within them. This data lets you compare how income is distributed across the population and how those levels have changed over time. We discuss this in more detail on our page on (https://ourworldindata.org/economic-inequality).
- - The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original microdata from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
+ + The data comes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), which takes the original data from national household surveys and harmonizes it — reconstructing incomes using a common set of definitions across countries. This makes the data more comparable across countries than other sources, but at the cost of covering fewer countries.
- - Income has been equivalized – adjusted to account for the household size and composition, to consider the fact that people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS uses the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
+ + Income has been equivalized — adjusted to account for household size and composition, since people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating. LIS does this using the square root equivalence scale: household income is divided by the square root of the number of household members.
- - Threshold income <% if period in ["day", "month", "year"] %>
+ + Median income <% if period in ["day", "month", "year"] %>
- - <%- endif %> marking the <<percentiles_thr(decile) | lower>> (median) (<% if welfare_type == "dhi" %>
+ + <%- endif %> (<% if welfare_type == "dhi" %>
= Dataset garden/poverty_inequality/2025-01-22/inequality_comparison
= Table inequality_comparison_analysis
~ Column gini_wid_pretaxnational_peradult (changed metadata)
+ + $schema: https://files.ourworldindata.org/schemas/grapher-schema.003.json
~ Column p90p100share_wid_pretaxnational_peradult (changed metadata)
+ + $schema: https://files.ourworldindata.org/schemas/grapher-schema.003.json
~ Column p99p100share_wid_pretaxnational_peradult (changed metadata)
+ + $schema: https://files.ourworldindata.org/schemas/grapher-schema.003.json
~ Column palmaratio_wid_pretaxnational_peradult (changed metadata)
+ + $schema: https://files.ourworldindata.org/schemas/grapher-schema.003.json
= Table inequality_comparison
~ Column gini_wid_pretaxnational_peradult (changed metadata)
+ + $schema: https://files.ourworldindata.org/schemas/grapher-schema.003.json
~ Column p90p100share_wid_pretaxnational_peradult (changed metadata)
+ + $schema: https://files.ourworldindata.org/schemas/grapher-schema.003.json
~ Column p99p100share_wid_pretaxnational_peradult (changed metadata)
+ + $schema: https://files.ourworldindata.org/schemas/grapher-schema.003.json
~ Column palmaratio_wid_pretaxnational_peradult (changed metadata)
+ + $schema: https://files.ourworldindata.org/schemas/grapher-schema.003.json
= Dataset garden/poverty_inequality/2025-01-22/poverty_inequality_file
= Table keyvars
~ Column value (changed metadata)
+ + $schema: https://files.ourworldindata.org/schemas/grapher-schema.003.json
= Table wdi
~ Column ny_gdp_mktp_kd (changed metadata)
+ + GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2015 prices, expressed in U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using 2015 official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used.
- - Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator is expressed in constant prices, meaning the series has been adjusted to account for price changes over time. The reference year for this adjustment is 2015. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
- -
- - ### Aggregation method:
- - Gap-filled total
- -
- - ### Statistical concept and methodology:
- - Methodology: National accounts are compiled in accordance with international standards: System of National Accounts, 2008 or 1993 versions. Specific information on how countries compile their national accounts can be found on the IMF website: https://dsbb.imf.org/
- - Statistical concept(s): The conceptual elements of the SNA (System of National Accounts) measure what takes place in the economy, between which agents, and for what purpose. At the heart of the SNA is the production of goods and services. These may be used for consumption in the period to which the accounts relate or may be accumulated for use in a later period. In simple terms, the amount of value added generated by production represents GDP. The income corresponding to GDP is distributed to the various agents or groups of agents as income and it is the process of distributing and redistributing income that allows one agent to consume the goods and services produced by another agent or to acquire goods and services for later consumption. The way in which the SNA captures this pattern of economic flows is to identify the activities concerned by recognizing the institutional units in the economy and by specifying the structure of accounts capturing the transactions relevant to one stage or another of the process by which goods and services are produced and ultimately consumed.
- -
- - ### Development relevance:
- - This indicator is related to the national accounts, which are critical for understanding and managing a country's economy. They provide a framework for the analysis of economic performance. National accounts are the basis for estimating the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross National Income (GNI), which are the most widely used indicator of economic performance. They are essential for government policymakers, providing the data needed to design and assess fiscal and monetary policies; and are also used by businesses and investors to assess the economic climate and make investment decisions. NAS enable comparison between economies, which is crucial for international trade, investment decisions, and economic competitiveness. More specifically, this indicator is related to national accounts aggregates. Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross National Income (GNI), and other aggregates provide a snapshot of the size and health of an economy by measuring the total economic activity within a country. They can thus be used by policymakers to design and implement economic policies, as they reflect the overall economic performance and can indicate the need for intervention in certain areas. Aggregates also allow for comparisons between different economies, which can be useful for trade negotiations, investment decisions, and economic benchmarking. By examining aggregates over time, economists and analysts can identify trends, cycles, and potential areas of concern within an economy, and investors can use national accounts aggregates to assess the potential risks and returns of investing in a particular country. Overall, national accounts aggregates are fundamental tools for economic analysis, policy formulation, and decision-makin
...diff too long, truncated...Automatically updated datasets matching excess_mortality|covid|fluid|flunet|country_profile|garden/ihme_gbd/2019/gbd_risk are not included Edited: 2026-05-19 11:26:10 UTC |
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
paarriagadap
changed the title
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
…mparability issues in income and consumption measures
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Summary
#bug-bash-inequality-mdimsSlack channel on the inequality MDims.Test plan
etlr incomes_pip --grapher --exportruns cleanlyetlr incomes_lis --grapher --exportruns cleanly