feat(storage): support Object contexts

google-cloud-storage/acceptance/storage/bucket_list_object_contexts_test.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# Copyright 2026 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+require "storage_helper"
+
+describe Google::Cloud::Storage::Bucket, :contexts, :storage do
+  let(:bucket_name) { $bucket_names[0] }
+  let :bucket do
+    storage.bucket(bucket_name) ||
+    storage.create_bucket(bucket_name) 
+  end
+  let(:custom_context_key1) { "my-custom-key" }
+  let(:custom_context_value1) { "my-custom-value" }
+  let(:custom_context_key2) { "my-custom-key-2" }
+  let(:custom_context_value2) { "my-custom-value-2" }
+  let(:local_file) { "acceptance/data/CloudPlatform_128px_Retina.png" }
+  let(:file_name) { "CloudLogo1" }
+  let(:file_name2) { "CloudLogo2" }
+
+  before(:all) do
+    bucket.create_file local_file, file_name
+    bucket.create_file local_file, file_name2
+    custom_hash1 = context_custom_hash custom_context_key: custom_context_key1, custom_context_value: custom_context_value1
+    custom_hash2 = context_custom_hash custom_context_key: custom_context_key2, custom_context_value: custom_context_value2
+    set_object_contexts bucket_name: bucket.name, file_name: file_name, custom_context_key: custom_context_key1, custom_context_value: custom_context_value1
+    set_object_contexts bucket_name: bucket.name, file_name: file_name2, custom_context_key: custom_context_key2, custom_context_value: custom_context_value2
+  end
+
+  it "lists objects with a specific context key and value" do
+    list = bucket.files filter: "contexts.\"#{custom_context_key1}\"=\"#{custom_context_value1}\""
+    list.each do |file|
+      _(file.name).must_equal file_name
+    end
+  end
+
+  it "lists objects with a specific context key" do
+    list = bucket.files filter: "contexts.\"#{custom_context_key1}\":*"
+    list.each do |file|
+      _(file.name).must_equal file_name
+    end
+  end
+
+  it "lists objects that do not have a specific context key" do
+    list = bucket.files filter: "-contexts.\"#{custom_context_key1}\":*"
+    list.each do |file|
+      _(file.name).wont_equal file_name
+    end
+  end
+
+  it "lists objects that do not have a specific context key and value" do
+    list = bucket.files filter: "-contexts.\"#{custom_context_key2}\"=\"#{custom_context_value2}\""
+    list.each do |file|
+      _(file.name).must_equal file_name
+      _(file.name).wont_equal file_name2
+    end
+  end
+
+end

google-cloud-storage/acceptance/storage/file_test.rb

@@ -1044,4 +1044,161 @@
       expect { uploaded_file.retention = retention }.must_raise Google::Cloud::PermissionDeniedError
     end
   end
+
+  describe "object contexts" do
+    let(:custom_context_key1) { "my-custom-key" }
+    let(:custom_context_value1) { "my-custom-value" }
+    let(:custom_context_key2) { "my-custom-key-2" }
+    let(:custom_context_value2) { "my-custom-value-2" }
+    let(:local_file) { "acceptance/data/CloudPlatform_128px_Retina.png" }
+    let(:file_name) { "CloudLogo1" }
+
+    before do
+      bucket.create_file local_file, file_name
+    end
+
+    it "sets and retrieves custom context key and value" do
+      file = bucket.file file_name
+      file.contexts = Google::Apis::StorageV1::Object::Contexts.new(
+        custom: context_custom_hash(custom_context_key: custom_context_key1 ,custom_context_value: custom_context_value1)
+      )
+      file.reload!
+      _(file.contexts.custom[custom_context_key1].value).must_equal custom_context_value1
+    end
+
+    it "rejects special characters in custom context key and value" do
+      invalid_key = 'my"-invalid-key'
+      custom_value = 'my-custom-value'
+
+      file = bucket.file file_name
+
+      err = _ {
+        file.contexts = Google::Apis::StorageV1::Object::Contexts.new(
+          custom: context_custom_hash(custom_context_key: invalid_key, custom_context_value: custom_value)
+        )
+      }.must_raise Google::Cloud::InvalidArgumentError
+
+      _(err.message).must_match(/Object context key cannot contain/)
+
+      invalid_key = 'my-custom-key'
+      custom_value = 'my-invalid/value'
+
+      err = _ {
+        file.contexts = Google::Apis::StorageV1::Object::Contexts.new(
+          custom: context_custom_hash(custom_context_key: invalid_key, custom_context_value: custom_value)
+        )
+      }.must_raise Google::Cloud::InvalidArgumentError
+
+      _(err.message).must_match(/Object context value cannot contain/)
+    end
+
+    it "rejects unicode characters in keys and values" do
+      invalid_key = '🚀-launcher'
+      custom_value = 'my-custom-value'
+      file = bucket.file file_name
+      err = _ {
+        file.contexts = Google::Apis::StorageV1::Object::Contexts.new(
+          custom: context_custom_hash(custom_context_key: invalid_key, custom_context_value: custom_value)
+        )
+      }.must_raise Google::Cloud::InvalidArgumentError
+      _(err.message).must_match(/Object context key must start with an alphanumeric character./)
+
+      invalid_key = "my-custom-key"
+      custom_value = '✨-sparkle'
+
+      err = _ {
+        file.contexts = Google::Apis::StorageV1::Object::Contexts.new(
+          custom: context_custom_hash(custom_context_key: invalid_key, custom_context_value: custom_value)
+        )
+      }.must_raise Google::Cloud::InvalidArgumentError
+
+      _(err.message).must_match(/Object context value must start with an alphanumeric character./)
+    end
+
+    it "modifies existing custom context key and value" do
+      file = bucket.file file_name
+      file.contexts = Google::Apis::StorageV1::Object::Contexts.new(
+        custom: context_custom_hash(custom_context_key: custom_context_key1 ,custom_context_value: custom_context_value1)
+      )
+      file.reload!
+      _(file.contexts.custom[custom_context_key1].value).must_equal custom_context_value1
+
+      file.contexts = Google::Apis::StorageV1::Object::Contexts.new(
+        custom: context_custom_hash(custom_context_key: custom_context_key1 ,custom_context_value: custom_context_value2)
+      )
+      file.reload!
+      _(file.contexts.custom[custom_context_key1].value).must_equal custom_context_value2
+    end
+
+    it "overwrites existing context key and value" do
+      file = bucket.file file_name
+      file.contexts = Google::Apis::StorageV1::Object::Contexts.new(
+        custom: context_custom_hash(custom_context_key: custom_context_key1 ,custom_context_value: custom_context_value1)
+      )
+      file.reload!
+      _(file.contexts.custom[custom_context_key1].value).must_equal custom_context_value1
+
+      file.contexts = Google::Apis::StorageV1::Object::Contexts.new(
+        custom: context_custom_hash(custom_context_key: custom_context_key2 ,custom_context_value: custom_context_value2)
+      )
+      file.reload!
+      _(file.contexts.custom[custom_context_key2].value).must_equal custom_context_value2
+    end
+
+    it "sets and retrieves multiple custom context keys and values" do
+      file = bucket.file file_name
+      custom_hash1 = context_custom_hash custom_context_key: custom_context_key1, custom_context_value: custom_context_value1
+      custom_hash2 = context_custom_hash custom_context_key: custom_context_key2, custom_context_value: custom_context_value2
+
+      file.contexts = Google::Apis::StorageV1::Object::Contexts.new(
+          custom: {
+            custom_context_key1 => custom_hash1[custom_context_key1],
+            custom_context_key2 => custom_hash2[custom_context_key2]
+          }
+        )
+      file.reload!
+        _(file.contexts.custom[custom_context_key1].value).must_equal custom_context_value1
+        _(file.contexts.custom[custom_context_key2].value).must_equal custom_context_value2
+    end
+
+    it "removes individual context" do
+      file = bucket.file file_name
+      custom_hash1 = context_custom_hash custom_context_key: custom_context_key1, custom_context_value: custom_context_value1
+      custom_hash2 = context_custom_hash custom_context_key: custom_context_key2, custom_context_value: custom_context_value2
+      file.contexts = Google::Apis::StorageV1::Object::Contexts.new(
+        custom: {
+          custom_context_key1 => custom_hash1[custom_context_key1],
+          custom_context_key2 => custom_hash2[custom_context_key2] 
+        }
+      )
+      file.reload!
+      _(file.contexts.custom[custom_context_key1].value).must_equal custom_context_value1
+      _(file.contexts.custom[custom_context_key2].value).must_equal custom_context_value2
+
+      file.contexts = Google::Apis::StorageV1::Object::Contexts.new(
+        custom: {
+          custom_context_key1 => nil
+        }
+      )
+      file.reload!
+      _(file.contexts.custom[custom_context_key1]).must_be_nil
+      _(file.contexts.custom[custom_context_key2].value).must_equal custom_context_value2
+    end
+
+    it "clears all contexts" do
+      file = bucket.file file_name
+      custom_hash1 = context_custom_hash custom_context_key: custom_context_key1, custom_context_value: custom_context_value1
+      file.contexts = Google::Apis::StorageV1::Object::Contexts.new(
+        custom: {
+          custom_context_key1=> custom_hash1[custom_context_key1]
+        }
+      )
+      file.reload!
+      _(file.contexts.custom[custom_context_key1].value).must_equal custom_context_value1
+
+      file.contexts = nil
+      file.reload!
+      _(file.contexts).must_be_nil
+    end
+  end
 end

google-cloud-storage/acceptance/storage_helper.rb

@@ -206,6 +206,27 @@ def clean_up_storage_bucket bucket
   puts "Error while cleaning up bucket #{bucket.name}\n\n#{e}"
 end
 
+def set_object_contexts bucket_name:, file_name:, custom_context_key:, custom_context_value:
+  bucket  = storage.bucket bucket_name
+  file    = bucket.file file_name
+  contexts = Google::Apis::StorageV1::Object::Contexts.new(
+    custom: context_custom_hash(custom_context_key: custom_context_key, custom_context_value: custom_context_value)
+  )
+  file.update do |file|
+    file.contexts = contexts
+  end
+end
+
+def context_custom_hash custom_context_key: ,custom_context_value:
+  payload = Google::Apis::StorageV1::ObjectCustomContextPayload.new(
+    value: custom_context_value
+  )
+  custom_hash = {
+    custom_context_key => payload
+  }
+  custom_hash
+end
+
 Minitest.after_run do
   clean_up_storage_buckets
   if $storage_2

google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb

@@ -1439,7 +1439,23 @@ def delete if_metageneration_match: nil, if_metageneration_not_match: nil
         #   Only applicable if delimiter is set to '/'.
         # @param [Boolean] soft_deleted If true, only soft-deleted object
         #   versions will be listed. The default is false.
+        # @param [String] filter An optional string for filtering listed objects.
+        #   Supported fields: contexts
+        #   If delimiter is set, the returned prefixes are exempt from this filter
+        #  List any object that has a context with the specified key attached
+        #  filter = "contexts.\"KEY\":*";
         #
+        #  List any object that has a context with the specified key attached and value attached
+        #  filter = "contexts.\"keyA\"=\"valueA\""
+        #
+        #  List any object that does not have a context with the specified key attached
+        #  filter = "-contexts.\"KEY\":*";
+        #
+        #  List any object that has a context with the specified key and value attached
+        #  filter = "contexts.\"KEY\"=\"VALUE\"";
+        #
+        #  List any object that does not have a context with the specified key and value attached
+        #  filter = "-contexts.\"KEY\"=\"VALUE\"";
         # @return [Array<Google::Cloud::Storage::File>] (See
         #   {Google::Cloud::Storage::File::List})
         #
@@ -1465,23 +1481,34 @@ def delete if_metageneration_match: nil, if_metageneration_not_match: nil
         #     puts file.name
         #   end
         #
+        # @example Filter files by context:
+        #   require "google/cloud/storage"
+        #   storage = Google::Cloud::Storage.new
+        #   bucket = storage.bucket "my-bucket"
+        #   files = bucket.files filter: "contexts.\"myKey\"=\"myValue\""
+        #   files.each do |file|
+        #     puts file.name
+        #   end
+        #
         def files prefix: nil, delimiter: nil, token: nil, max: nil,
                   versions: nil, match_glob: nil, include_folders_as_prefixes: nil,
-                  soft_deleted: nil
+                  soft_deleted: nil, filter: nil
           ensure_service!
           gapi = service.list_files name, prefix: prefix, delimiter: delimiter,
                                           token: token, max: max,
                                           versions: versions,
                                           user_project: user_project,
                                           match_glob: match_glob,
                                           include_folders_as_prefixes: include_folders_as_prefixes,
-                                          soft_deleted: soft_deleted
+                                          soft_deleted: soft_deleted,
+                                          filter: filter
           File::List.from_gapi gapi, service, name, prefix, delimiter, max,
                                versions,
                                user_project: user_project,
                                match_glob: match_glob,
                                include_folders_as_prefixes: include_folders_as_prefixes,
-                               soft_deleted: soft_deleted
+                               soft_deleted: soft_deleted,
+                               filter: filter
         end
         alias find_files files
 

google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/file.rb

@@ -370,6 +370,45 @@ def content_type= content_type
           update_gapi! :content_type
         end
 
+        ##
+        # User-defined object contexts. Each object context is a key-
+        # payload pair, where the key provides the identification and the payload holds
+        # the associated value and additional metadata.
+        # Object contexts are used to provide additional information about an object
+        # @return [Google::Apis::StorageV1::Object::Contexts, nil] The object contexts, or `nil` if there are none.
+
+        def contexts
+          @gapi.contexts
+        end
+
+        ##
+        # Sets the object context.
+        # To pass generation and/or metageneration preconditions, call this
+        # method within a block passed to {#update}.
+        # @param [Google::Apis::StorageV1::Object::Contexts] contexts The object contexts to set.
+        # @see https://docs.cloud.google.com/storage/docs/use-object-contexts#attach-modify-contexts Object Contexts documentation
+        # @example
+        #   require "google/cloud/storage"
+        #  storage = Google::Cloud::Storage.new
+        #   bucket = storage.bucket "my-bucket"
+        #   file = bucket.file "path/to/my-file.ext"
+        #   payload = Google::Apis::StorageV1::ObjectCustomContextPayload.new(
+        #     value: "your-custom-context-value"
+        #   )
+        #   custom_hash = {
+        #     "your-custom-context-key" => payload
+        #   }
+        #   contexts = Google::Apis::StorageV1::Object::Contexts.new(
+        #     custom: custom_hash
+        #   )
+        #   file.update do |file|
+        #     file.contexts = contexts
+        #   end
+        def contexts= contexts
+          @gapi.contexts = contexts
+          update_gapi! :contexts
+        end
+
         ##
         # A custom time specified by the user for the file, or `nil`.
         #

google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/file/list.rb

@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ def self.from_gapi gapi_list, service, bucket = nil, prefix = nil,
                              delimiter = nil, max = nil, versions = nil,
                              user_project: nil, match_glob: nil,
                              include_folders_as_prefixes: nil,
-                             soft_deleted: nil
+                             soft_deleted: nil, filter: nil
             files = new(Array(gapi_list.items).map do |gapi_object|
               File.from_gapi gapi_object, service, user_project: user_project
             end)
@@ -183,6 +183,7 @@ def self.from_gapi gapi_list, service, bucket = nil, prefix = nil,
             files.instance_variable_set :@match_glob, match_glob
             files.instance_variable_set :@include_folders_as_prefixes, include_folders_as_prefixes
             files.instance_variable_set :@soft_deleted, soft_deleted
+            files.instance_variable_set :@filter, filter
             files
           end