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Optics
LumenLearning's Boundless Physics: Geometric Optics Link
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-physics/chapter/lenses/
The Thin Lens Equation and Magnification
Image Formation by Thin Lenses
How does a lens form an image of an object? We can use the technique of ray tracing to illustrate how lenses form images. We can also develop equations to describe the images quantitatively. Recall the five basic rules of ray tracing:
A ray entering a converging lens parallel to its axis passes through the focal point F of the lens on the other side.
A ray entering a diverging lens parallel to its axis seems to come from the focal point F.
A ray passing through the center of either a converging or a diverging lens does not change direction.
A ray entering a converging lens through its focal point exits parallel to its axis.
A ray that enters a diverging lens by heading toward the focal point on the opposite side exits parallel to the axis.